ASTM A146-04(2019)

Standard Specification for Molybdenum Oxide Products

ABSTRACT
This specification covers four grades of molybdenum oxide, designates as A, B1, B2, and molybdic oxide briquets. The various grades shall conform to the required chemical compositions of molybdenum, sulfur, and copper. The materials shall be sampled and shall undergo correction of the sample to dry net weight.
SCOPE
1.1 This specification covers four grades of molybdenum oxide, designated as A, B1, B2, and molybdic oxide briquets.  
1.2 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.  
1.3 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

General Information

• Status: Published
• Publication Date: 31-Oct-2019
• ICS: 77.100 - Ferroalloys
• Technical Committee: A01 - Steel, Stainless Steel and Related Alloys
• Drafting Committee: A01.18 - Castings

Relations

• Replaces: ASTM A146-04(2014) - Standard Specification for Molybdenum Oxide Products
• Effective Date: 01-Nov-2019
• Refers: ASTM A1025/A1025M-10(2015) - Standard Specification for Ferroalloys and Other Alloying Materials, General Requirements
• Effective Date: 01-Nov-2015
• Refers: ASTM A1025/A1025M-10 - Standard Specification for Ferroalloys, General Requirements
• Effective Date: 01-Oct-2010
• Referred By: ASTM A1025/A1025M-10(2020) - Standard Specification for Ferroalloys and Other Alloying Materials, General Requirements
• Effective Date: 01-Nov-2019

Overview

ASTM A146-04(2019): Standard Specification for Molybdenum Oxide Products is an internationally recognized standard developed by ASTM International. The specification outlines the requirements for four grades of molybdenum oxide products: Grade A, Grade B1, Grade B2, and molybdic oxide briquets. These materials are vital in various metallurgical and industrial processes due to their properties and purity levels.

This standard specifies chemical composition limits for molybdenum oxide, including essential elements such as molybdenum, sulfur, copper, carbon, and phosphorus. ASTM A146-04(2019) also describes the methods for sampling, preparation, and analysis to ensure product consistency and quality.

Key Topics

• Grades and Types:
  The standard covers four product grades:

  • Grade A
  • Grade B1
  • Grade B2
  • Molybdic oxide briquets

• Chemical Composition:
  Each grade must conform to defined composition requirements for molybdenum (minimum), sulfur (maximum), copper (maximum), and additional supplementary requirements such as carbon and phosphorus content.

• Sampling and Testing:
  The standard details procedures for:

  • Sampling small and large packages to ensure representative analysis
  • Proper sample preparation (sieving, mixing, drying)
  • Adjusting analysis results to dry net weight to account for moisture content

• Quality Assurance:
  Manufacturers must provide detailed chemical analysis for each shipment and follow strict procedures to maintain compliance. Product must also conform to general requirements outlined in ASTM A1025/A1025M.

• International Conformance:
  This specification is developed according to global standardization principles, aligning with WTO Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee guidelines.

Applications

Molybdenum oxide specified by ASTM A146-04(2019) is primarily used in:

• Metallurgical Processes:
  Utilized as a key raw material for producing ferroalloys and other alloying elements, enhancing the properties of steel and other metals.

• Catalyst Production:
  Serves as a precursor in the manufacturing of catalysts for chemical processes, particularly in petroleum refining.

• Chemical Industry:
  Essential for producing molybdenum chemicals used as pigments, corrosion inhibitors, and lubricants.

• Material Science Research:
  Provides high-purity molybdenum oxide for laboratory and research applications, ensuring accurate and reproducible results.

• Quality Control and Procurement:
  Provides clear criteria for material selection, specification, and acceptance for manufacturers, suppliers, and end users worldwide.

Related Standards

Organizations often reference additional standards alongside ASTM A146-04(2019) for comprehensive specification and procurement:

• ASTM A1025/A1025M:
  General requirements for ferroalloys and other alloying materials, which must be observed in conjunction with the A146 standard.

• Other ASTM Standards:
  Referenced standards for sampling, testing, and analysis to ensure consistent methodology across products and suppliers.

• International Guidelines:
  Developed in accordance with WTO TBT Committee principles, ensuring global applicability and acceptance.

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Keywords: molybdenum oxide specification, ASTM A146, Grade A molybdenum oxide, industrial chemical standards, sample preparation, alloying materials, metallurgical quality control, international standardization, molybdic oxide briquets.

Standards Content (Sample)

This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
Designation:A146 −04 (Reapproved 2019)
Standard Specification for
Molybdenum Oxide Products
This standard is issued under the fixed designation A146; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope 4.2 The manufacturer shall furnish an analysis of each
shipment showing the percentage of each element specified.
1.1 This specification covers four grades of molybdenum
oxide, designated as A, B1, B2, and molybdic oxide briquets.
5. Sampling
1.2 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded
5.1 Sampling Small Bags—When packed in the standard-
as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical
ized small packages, each holding contained molybdenum, the
conversions to SI units that are provided for information only
material shall be sampled by selecting at random one twentieth
and are not considered standard.
of the bags that may bear the same manufacturing lot number,
1.3 This international standard was developed in accor-
and the combined content of these bags shall be reduced and
dance with internationally recognized principles on standard-
analyzed as a separate sample. When a shipment cannot be
ization established in the Decision on Principles for the
divided by lot numbers, one twentieth of the total number of
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recom-
bags constituting the shipment shall be selected and treated as
mendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical
one sample. The material forming a sample shall be crushed if
Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
necessary, and in any event passed through a No. 10 (2.00-mm)
sieve. The sample after sieving shall be thoroughly mixed by
2. Referenced Documents
coning and then reduced to about 2 lb (0.9 kg) by quartering or
2.1 ASTM Standards:
by means of a riffle sampler. The reduced sample shall then be
A1025/A1025M Specification for Ferroalloys and Other Al-
crushed and passed through a No. 60 (250-µm) sieve. The
loying Materials, General Requirements
sample after sieving shall again be mixed by coning and then
divided through a riffle, preferably a Jones divider, into the
3. General Conditions for Delivery
required number of analytical samples.
3.1 Materials furnished to this specification shall conform to
5.2 Sampling Large Containers—When packed in drums or
the requirements of Specification A1025/A1025M, including
largebagsorcartons,thematerialshallbesampledbyselecting
any supplementary requirements that are indicated in the
about one twentieth of the content of each package that may
purchase order. Failure to comply with the general require-
bear the same manufacturing lot number, and the combined
ments of Specification A1025/A1025M constitutes nonconfor-
material selected shall be reduced and analyzed as a separate
mance with this specification. In case of conflict between the
sample. When a shipment cannot be divided by lot numbers,
requirements of this specification and Specification A1025/
about one twentieth of the content of each package in the
A1025M, this specification shall prevail.
shipment shall be selected, and the combined material selected
shall be treated as one sample. The material comprising a
4. Chemical Requirements
sample shall be thoroughly mixed by coning and reduced by
half-shoveling, alternating the operations until the residual
4.1 The various grades shall conform to the requirements as
weight reaches about 40 lb (18.1
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