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ASTM D4958-10

(Test Method)

Standard Test Method for Comparison of the Brush Drag of Latex Paints

Standard Test Method for Comparison of the Brush Drag of Latex Paints

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
As the brush drag of a paint increases, any natural tendency on the part of the painter to overspread the paint is reduced. When all other factors are held constant, increased brush drag will result in greater film thickness with consequent improvement in durability and hiding. Conversely, sometimes it might be preferred to have a lesser degree of brush drag for easier application (that is, the amount of time and effort in applying a paint to a specific area is reduced with a lesser degree of brush drag).
This test method provides a standardized brushout procedure for the evaluation of brush drag as an alternative to customary informal ad hoc procedures. Its objective is to maximize the reliability and precision with which this characteristic may be determined.
Note 1—The brush drag of paints is directly related to their high-shear viscosity. There is generally good rank order agreement between results obtained by this method and Test Method D4287. The sensitivity of this brushout method has been found sufficient to distinguish between brushabilities corresponding to high-shear viscosity differences not lower than 0.3 poise (0.03 Pa.s). Round robin data show that rank order agreement between the brushout and viscometric methods is poor when latex and solvent-borne paints are part of the same comparison group. This is the result of these two paint types having markedly different rheological properties that affect the relative perception of brush drag.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method is a standardized brushout procedure for comparing the brush drag of architectural type solvent-borne paints.
1.2 With slight modifications this test method is also applicable to solvent-borne paints.
1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only.
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

General Information

Status
Historical
Publication Date
30-Nov-2010
ICS
87.040 - Paints and varnishes
Technical Committee
D01 - Paint and Related Coatings, Materials, and Applications
Drafting Committee
D01.42 - Architectural Coatings
Current Stage
Ref Project

Relations

Replaces
ASTM D4958-97(2004) - Standard Test Method for Comparison of the Brush Drag of Latex Paints
Effective Date
01-Dec-2010
Replaced By
ASTM D4958-10(2016) - Standard Test Method for Comparison of the Brush Drag of Latex Paints
Effective Date
01-Apr-2016
Referred By
ASTM D16-23 - Standard Terminology for Paint, Related Coatings, Materials, and Applications
Effective Date
01-Dec-2010
Referred By
ASTM D5324-16(2022) - Standard Guide for Testing Water-Borne Architectural Coatings
Effective Date
01-Dec-2010
Referred By
ASTM D6763-16(2022) - Standard Guide for Testing Exterior Wood Stains and Clear Water Repellents
Effective Date
01-Dec-2010
Referred By
ASTM D5146-10(2019) - Standard Guide to Testing Solvent-Borne Architectural Coatings
Effective Date
01-Dec-2010
Referred By
ASTM D4287-00(2019) - Standard Test Method for High-Shear Viscosity Using a Cone/Plate Viscometer
Effective Date
01-Dec-2010
Referred By
ASTM D7394-18(2023) - Standard Practice for Rheological Characterization of Architectural Coatings using Three Rotational Bench Viscometers
Effective Date
01-Dec-2010
Referred By
ASTM D3730-17(2022) - Standard Guide for Testing High-Performance Interior Architectural Wall Coatings
Effective Date
01-Dec-2010
Referred By
ASTM D6577-15(2019) - Standard Guide for Testing Industrial Protective Coatings
Effective Date
01-Dec-2010

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Standards Content (Sample)

NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information
Designation: D4958 − 10
StandardTest Method for
1
Comparison of the Brush Drag of Latex Paints
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D4958; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope 3.1.1 brush-drag—resistance encountered when applying a
coating by brush.
1.1 This test method is a standardized brushout procedure
for comparing the brush drag of architectural type solvent-
4. Summary of Test Method
borne paints.
4.1 A50-mm (2-in.) polyester brush is used to apply the test
1.2 With slight modifications this test method is also appli-
2 2
paint on a 1000-cm (1.076-ft ) test area. The application is
cable to solvent-borne paints.
2 2
made at a spreading rate of 9.82 m /L (400 ft /gal) and is
1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the
completed in 30 to 35 s. The degree of brush drag is rated
standard. The values given in parentheses are for information
subjectively using a series of standard descriptive terms
only.
correspondingtonumericalvaluesof1to10.Therankorderof
a set of samples is thereby established.
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
5. Significance and Use
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
5.1 As the brush drag of a paint increases, any natural
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.
tendency on the part of the painter to overspread the paint is
reduced. When all other factors are held constant, increased
2. Referenced Documents
brush drag will result in greater film thickness with consequent
2
improvement in durability and hiding. Conversely, sometimes
2.1 ASTM Standards:
it might be preferred to have a lesser degree of brush drag for
D1475 Test Method For Density of Liquid Coatings, Inks,
easier application (that is, the amount of time and effort in
and Related Products
applying a paint to a specific area is reduced with a lesser
D3924 Specification for Environment for Conditioning and
degree of brush drag).
Testing Paint, Varnish, Lacquer, and Related Materials
D3925 Practice for Sampling Liquid Paints and Related
5.2 This test method provides a standardized brushout
Pigmented Coatings
procedure for the evaluation of brush drag as an alternative to
D4287 Test Method for High-Shear Viscosity Using a Cone/
customary informal ad hoc procedures. Its objective is to
Plate Viscometer
maximize the reliability and precision with which this charac-
D5068 Practice for Preparation of Paint Brushes for Evalu-
teristic may be determined.
ation
NOTE 1—The brush drag of paints is directly related to their high-shear
viscosity. There is generally good rank order agreement between results
3. Terminology
obtained by this method and Test Method D4287. The sensitivity of this
3
brushout method has been found sufficient to distinguish between brush-
3.1 Definitions: See Paint/Coatings Dictionary for defini-
abilities corresponding to high-shear viscosity differences not lower than
tion of terms used in this test method.
0.3 poise (0.03 Pa.s). Round robin data show that rank order agreement
between the brushout and viscometric methods is poor when latex and
solvent-borne paints are part of the same comparison group. This is the
1
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D01 on Paint
result of these two paint types having markedly different rheological
4
and Related Coatings, Materials, andApplications and is the direct responsibility of
properties that affect the relative perception of brush drag.
Subcommittee D01.42 on Architectural Coatings.
Current edition approved Dec. 1, 2010. Published December 2010. Originally
6. Apparatus
approved in 1989. Last previous edition approved in 2004 as D4958 – 97 (2004).
3
DOI: 10.1520/D4958-10.
6.1 Brush, 50-mm (2-in.) polyester filament, 70-mm (2 ⁄4-
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
9
in.) length-out, 14 mm ( ⁄16 in.) thick, with a chiseled tip.
contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
the ASTM website.
3 4
Available from Federation of Societies for Coatings Technology (FSCT), 492 Supporting data have been filed at ASTM International Headquarters and may
Norristown Rd., Blue Bell, PA 19422–2350, http://www.coatingstech.org. be obtained by requesting Research Report RR:D01-1072.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United State
...

This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
Designation:D4958–97(Reapproved2004) Designation:D4958–10
Standard Test Method for
1
Comparison of the Brush Drag of Latex Paints
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D4958; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope
1.1 This test method is a standardized brushout procedure for comparing the brush drag of architectural type solvent-borne
paints.
1.2 With slight modifications this test method is also applicable to solvent-borne paints.
1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only.
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility
of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory
limitations prior to use.
2. Referenced Documents
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
D1475 Test Method For Density of Liquid Coatings, Inks, and Related Products
D3924 Specification for Environment for Conditioning and Testing Paint, Varnish, Lacquer, and Related Materials
D3925 Practice for Sampling Liquid Paints and Related Pigmented Coatings
D4287 Test Method for High-Shear Viscosity Using a Cone/Plate Viscometer
D5068 Practice for Preparation of Paint Brushes for Evaluation
3. Terminology
3
3.1 Definitions—See Paint/Coatings Dictionary for definition of terms used in this test method.
3.1.1 brush-drag, n—resistance encountered when applying a coating by brush.
4. Summary of Test Method
2 2
4.1 A50-mm (2-in.) polyester brush is used to apply the test paint on a 1000-cm (1.076-ft ) test area. The application is made
2 2
at a spreading rate of 9.82 m /L (400 ft /gal) and is completed in 30 to 35 s. The degree of brush drag is rated subjectively using
a series of standard descriptive terms corresponding to numerical values of 1 to 10. The rank order of a set of samples is thereby
established.
5. Significance and Use
5.1 As the brush drag of a paint increases, any natural tendency on the part of the painter to overspread the paint is reduced.
When all other factors are held constant, increased brush drag will result in greater film thickness with consequent improvement
in durability and hiding. Conversely, sometimes it might be preferred to have a lesser degree of brush drag for easier application
(that is, the amount of time and effort in applying a paint to a specific area is reduced with a lesser degree of brush drag).
5.2 This test method provides a standardized brushout procedure for the evaluation of brush drag as an alternative to customary
informal ad hoc procedures. Its objective is to maximize the reliability and precision with which this characteristic may be
determined.
NOTE 1—The brush drag of paints is directly related to their high-shear viscosity. There is generally good rank order agreement between results
obtained by this method and Test Method D4287. The sensitivity of this brushout method has been found sufficient to distinguish between brushabilities
corresponding to high-shear viscosity differences not lower than 0.3 poise (0.03 Pa.s). Round robin data show that rank order agreement between the
brushout and viscometric methods is poor when latex and solvent-borne paints are part of the same comparison group.This is the result of these two paint
1
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D01 on Paint and Related Coatings, Materials, and Applications and is the direct responsibility of
Subcommittee D01.42 on Architectural Coatings.
Current edition approved JuneDec. 1, 2004.2010. Published July 2004.December 2010. Originally approved in 1989. Last previous edition approved in 19972004 as
D4958 – 97 (2004). DOI: 10.1520/D4958-97R04.10.1520/D4958-10.
2
For referencedASTM standards, visit theASTM website, www.astm.org, or contactASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book ofASTM Standards
volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on the ASTM website.
3
Available from Federation of Societies for Coatings Technology (FSCT), 492 Norristown Rd., Blue Bell, PA 19422-2350, http://www.coatingstech.org.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.
1

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...

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