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ASTM D6587-00

(Test Method)

Standard Test Method for Yarn Number Using Automatic Tester

Standard Test Method for Yarn Number Using Automatic Tester

SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the measurement of yarn number of filament and spun yarns using automated testers. Some of the instruments are stand-alone and others are optional modules for instruments that perform additional tests.
1.1.1 The instruments are capable of measuring yarn numbers up to 4000 dtex (3600 denier).
Note 1--For determination of yarn number by use of reel and balance, refer to Test Method D1907.
1.2 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. Within the text, the inch-pound units are in parentheses. The values stated in each system are not exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other. Combining values from the two systems may result in inaccuracies of results.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

General Information

Status
Historical
Publication Date
09-Sep-2000
ICS
59.080.20 - Yarns
Technical Committee
D13 - Textiles
Drafting Committee
D13.58 - Yarns and Fibers
Current Stage
Ref Project

Relations

Replaced By
ASTM D6587-00(2006)e1 - Standard Test Method for Yarn Number Using Automatic Tester
Effective Date
01-Jun-2006
Referred By
ASTM D7269/D7269M-20 - Standard Test Methods for Tensile Testing of Aramid Yarns
Effective Date
10-Sep-2000
Referred By
ASTM D4849-21 - Standard Terminology Related to Yarns and Fibers
Effective Date
10-Sep-2000
Referred By
ASTM D8054/D8054M-22 - Standard Test Methods for Tensile Testing of Para-Aramid Flat Yarns
Effective Date
10-Sep-2000

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ASTM D6587-00 - Standard Test Method for Yarn Number Using Automatic TesterASTM D6587-00 - Standard Test Method for Yarn Number Using Automatic Tester
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ASTM D6587-00 - Standard Test Method for Yarn Number Using Automatic Tester
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NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information
Designation:D6587–00
Standard Test Method for
Yarn Number Using Automatic Tester
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D 6587; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope 3.1.2 denier, n—the unit of linear density, equal to the mass
in grams of 9000 m of fiber, yarn, or other textile strand, that
1.1 This test method covers the measurement of yarn
is used in a direct yarn numbering system.
number of filament and spun yarns using automated testers.
3.1.3 linear density, n—mass per unit length.
Someoftheinstrumentsarestand-aloneandothersareoptional
3.1.4 tex, n—the unit of linear density, equal to the mass in
modules for instruments that perform additional tests.
grams of 1000 m of fiber, yarn, or other textile strand, that is
1.1.1 The instruments are capable of measuring yarn num-
used in a direct yarn numbering system.
bers up to 4000 dtex (3600 denier).
3.1.5 yarn number, n—a measure of the liner density of a
NOTE 1—For determination of yarn number by use of reel and balance,
yarn, expressed as “mass per unit length” or “length per unit
refer to Test Method D 1907.
mass,” depending on the yarn numbering system.
1.2 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units
3.1.6 yarn numbering system, n—a system expressing the
are to be regarded separately as standard. Within the text, the
size of a yarn as a relationship between its length and
inch-pound units are in parentheses. The values stated in each
associated mass. (See also yarn number, direct yarn numbering
system are not exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall
system, and indirect yarn numbering system.)
be used independently of the other. Combining values from the
3.1.7 For definitions of other textile terms used in this test
two systems may result in inaccuracies of results.
method, see Terminology D 123.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the
4. Summary of Test Method
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
4.1 A specified length of yarn (specimen) is automatically
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
stripped directly from the package, cut, and weighed. The yarn
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.
number is calculated by an interfaced computer, displayed on a
monitor, and may be printed. The yarn number can be reported
2. Referenced Documents
in tex, denier, or cotton count units.
2.1 ASTM Standards:
5. Significance and Use
D 123 Terminology Relating to Textiles
D 1776 Practice for Conditioning Textiles for Testing
5.1 This test method for yarn number is satisfactory for
D 1907 Test Method for Yarn Number by the Skein
acceptance of commercial shipments and is used in the trade.
Method
5.1.1 In case of a dispute arising from differences in
D 2258 Practice for Sampling Yarn for Testing
reported test results when using this Test Method for accep-
tance testing of commercial shipments, the purchaser and the
3. Terminology
supplier should either use the referee Test Method D 1907 for
3.1 Definitions used in this test method are those in Termi-
yarn number or conduct comparative tests to determine if there
nology D 123-95a and are to be replaced if they differ from
is a statistical bias between their laboratories. Competent
those in the 95a edition.
statistical assistance is recommended for the investigation of
3.1.1 cotton count, n—an indirect yarn numbering system
bias.As a minimum, the two parties should take a group of test
generally used in the cotton system equal to the number of
specimens that are as homogeneous as possible and that are
840-yd lengths of yarn per pound.
from a lot of material of the type in question. The test
specimens should then be randomly assigned in equal numbers
to each laboratory for testing.The average results from the two
This test method is under the jurisdiction ofASTM Committee D13 onTextiles
laboratories should be compared using appropriate statistical
and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D13.58 on Terminology.
analysis and a probability level chosen by the two parties
Current edition approved Sept. 10, 2000. Published November 2000.
Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 07.01. before the testing is begun. If a bias is found, either its cause
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.
D6587
must be found and corrected or the purchaser and the supplier 7.2 Laboratory Sample—As a laboratory sample for accep-
must agree to interpret future test results with consideration to tance testing, take at random from each shipping unit in the lot
the known bias. sample the number of packages directed in an applicable
5.2 This test method is also used for the quality control for material specification or other agreement between the pur-
both filament and spun yarns. chaser and the supplier such as an agreement to use Practice
D 2258. Preferably, the same number of packages should be
6. Apparatus
taken from each shipping unit in the lot sample. If differing
6.1 Automatic Yarn Numbering Instrument, with interfaced
numbers of packages are to be taken from shipping units in the
computer. lot sample, determine at random which shipping units are to
6.1.1 ACW (Automatic Cut and Weigh) Yarn Tester, Series
have each number of packages drawn.
T for textile yarns, Series BCF for bulked continuous filament 7.3 Test Specimen—Test one specimen from each package
(BCF) carpet yarns, and Series I for industrial yarns. See Fig.
of filament yarn and five specimens from each package of spun
1. The different series testers have different systems for yarn. See Table 1 for the length of yarn in a specimen.
tensioning yarns and different yarn running speeds.
8. Conditioning
6.1.2 Autocount C —See Fig. 2.
6.1.3 Autocount TTA —See Fig. 3.
8.1 Condition the packages in the standard atmosphere for
6.1.4 Yarn Count Analyzer (YCA) —See Fig. 4.
testing textiles, which is 21 6 1°C (70 6 2°F) and 65 62%
6.2 Calibration Weights—Two grams and others as needed
relative humidity, for not less than 4 h. See Practice D 1776.
to cover the dtex (denier) ranges of interest.
9. Preparation and Calibration of Apparatus
7. Sampling
9.1 Set up and calibrate the tester using the manufacturer’s
7.1 Lot Sample—As a lot sample for acceptance testing,
manual and the appropriate appendix of this test method.
take at random the number of shipping units directed in an
applicable material specification or other agreement between
10. Procedure
the purchaser and the supplier, such as an agreement to use
10.1 Check each package for cleanliness, overthrown ends,
Practice D 2258. Consider shipping cases or other shipping
and any package formation which might interfere with the
units to be the primary sampling units.
free-running of the yarn from the package.
NOTE 2—An adequate specification or other agreement between the 10.2 Position packages to be tested with the thread line
purchaser and the supplier requires taking into account the variability
passing in a straight line from the package to the inlet tube
between shipping units, between packages or ends within a shipping unit,
without snags or additional tension added. Packages may be
and between specimens from a single package to provide a sampling plan
beneathorabovetheinletjetortube,aspositiondoesnotaffect
with a meaningful producer’s risk, consumer’s risk, acceptable quality
the results.
level, and limiting quality level.
10.2.1 If the instrument uses a package changer, place the
packageinacreelandstringuptheyarninamannertoprevent
snagging or tangling of the ends and excessive tension on the
Available from W. Fritz Mezger, Inc., 155 Hall St., Spartanburg, SC 29302-
1523 and Lenzing Technik GrmbH & Co KG, 4860 Lenzing, Austria.
yarn.
Available from Lawson Hemphill Sales, PO Drawer 6388, Spartanburg, SC
10.2.2 Prestripping packages is not necessary because the
29304 and Textechno, Dohrweg 65, D41066, Monchengladbach, Germany.
5 instruments can be set to prestrip for a specified time before
Available from Lawson Hemphill Sales, P.O. Drawer 6388, Spartanburg, SC
testing.
29304.
FIG. 1 Yarn String-up Diagram for ACW (Automatic-Cut-and-Weigh) Tester
D6587
FIG. 2 Yarn String-up Diagram for Autocount C
10.3 String up the yarns, input sample, and specimen 11.2.1 The calculation for cotton count N is based on Eq 2,
information and test the specimens as directed in the manufac- Eq 3, or Eq 4 as follows:
turer’s manual. See the appendixes for general information
N 5 K 3 L/M (2)
specific to the instrument.
N 5 5905.41/T
...

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5.1 Test Method D6612 for yarn number and yarn number variability is satisfactory for acceptance of commercial shipments and is used in the trade.  
5.1.1 If there are differences of practical significance between the reported test results for two or more laboratories, comparative tests should be performed by those laboratories to determine if there is a statistical bias between them, using competent statistical assistance. As a minimum, samples used for each comparative tests should be as homogeneous as possible, drawn from the same lot of material as the samples that results in disparate results during initial testing, and randomly assigned in equal numbers to each laboratory. Other fabrics with established tests values are used for this purpose. The test results from the laboratories involved should be compared appropriate statistical analysis and a probability level chosen by the two parties before testing begins, at a probability level chosen prior to the testing series. If a bias is found, either its cause must be found and corrected, or future test results adjusted in consideration of the known bias.  
5.1.2 The average results from the two laboratories should be compared using appropriate statistical analysis and a probability level chosen by the two parties before the testing is begun. If a bias is found, either its cause must be found and corrected or the purchaser and the supplier must agree to interpret future test results with consideration to the known bias.  
5.2 Test Method D6612 also is used for the quality control of filament yarns.  
5.3 Indices of Variability:  
5.3.1 Coefficient of Variation—%CV is a standard statistical calculation and is the most common index of yarn unevenness. For most textile applications in the 80 to 330 dtex (70 to 300 denier) range, a 1.0 to 1.3 %CV is adequate. %CV of yarns coarser than 666 dtex (600 denier) is not routine and usually not meaningful. %CV is less discriminating that %DS.  
5.3.2 Bad/Good Test—%BGT...
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the measurement of yarn number up to 4000 dtex (3600 denier) and related variability properties of filament and spun yarns using an automated tester with capability for measuring mass variability characteristics.  
1.2 Yarn number variability properties include percent density spread (%DS), coefficient of variation (%CV), density frequency variation.  
Note 1: For determination of yarn number by use of reel and balance, refer to Test Method D1907. For another method of measuring variability (unevenness) in yarn, refer to Test Method D1425.  
1.3 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system are not necessarily exact equivalents; therefore to ensure conformance with this standard, each system shall be used independently of the other, and values from the two systems shall not be combined.  
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Standard Test Method for Twist in Yarns by Direct-Counting

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 Test Method D1423 for testing twist in yarns by direct-counting is considered satisfactory for acceptance testing of commercial shipments because current estimates of between-laboratory precision are acceptable and the method has been used extensively in the trade for acceptance testing.  
5.1.1 If there are differences of practical significance between reported test results for two laboratories (or more), comparative tests should be performed to determine if there is a statistical bias between them, using competent statistical assistance. As a minimum use the samples for such comparative tests as homogeneous as possible, drawn from the same lot of material that resulted in the disparate test results and randomly in equal numbers to each laboratory. The test results from the laboratories involved should be compared using a statistical test for unpaired data, at a probability level chosen prior to the testing series. If a bias is found, either its cause must be found and corrected, or future test results for that material must be adjusted in consideration of the known bias.  
5.2 The determination of twist in a straight section of a yarn is not the simple straightforward operation it appears to be, for the test results may be greatly influenced by variations in test procedures and techniques. In all manipulations, extreme care is necessary to prevent specimen rotation altering the twist level before testing begins.  
5.3 The twist in a yarn before it is packaged may be different from that of the yarn after it has been withdrawn from the package because of changes in tension and the effect of the method of withdrawal. If the yarn is withdrawn over-end, a slight increase or decrease in twist will take place, depending upon the direction of the twist in the yarn, the direction of winding on the package, and the length of the wrap on the package.  
5.4 When a yarn is incorporated into or removed from a more complex structure, alterations may occur as a result of ...
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1.1 This test method covers the determination of the amount and direction of twist at the completion of any stage of twisting in single (spun or filament), plied, cabled, or novelty (exclusive of long-term repeat patterns) yarns. The procedures are designed primarily for yarns in packages, but, with special precautions, they are applicable to yarns taken from fabrics. The procedure for spun yarn in 9.2 is also applicable to rovings.  
1.2 For plied yarns, this test method covers the determination of the twist of the plied yarns and the twist of the single yarn before plying. For cabled yarns, the test method covers the determination of the cable or hawser twist; the twist of the plied yarn after plying, but prior to the last twisting operation; and the twist of the single yarn before plying. Procedures are also included for the determination of the twists of the single and plied yarn components as they lie in the final structure. Also, directions are included for the determination of twist in plied yarn made with direct cabling technology.  
1.3 This test method is not intended for yarns that extend more than 5.0 % when tension is increased from 2.5 to 7.5 mN/tex [0.25 to 0.75 gf/tex]. Following the procedures of this test method for such yarns would be independent of the bias and precision determined for this test method. The report from such testing should include the tension used for this testing.  
1.4 Units—The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system are not necessarily exact equivalents; therefore, to ensure conformance with the standard, each system shall be used independently of the other, and values from the two systems shall not be combined.
Note 1: For a more rapid but less accurate method of determining twist in single spun yarns, refer to Test Method D1422.
Note 2: This test method has been evaluated for use in de...

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ASTM
ASTM D2258/D2258M-16(2022)(Practice)
Standard Practice for Sampling Yarn for Testing

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 Assigning a value to any property of the material in a container or in a lot, consignment, or delivery involves a measurement process that includes both sampling and testing procedures. The correctness of the value assigned depends upon the variability due to testing and sampling plan. Even when the variability due to testing is minimized by carefully developed procedures, correct and consistent estimates of the true value of the property are possible only when the sampling procedure avoids systematic bias, minimizes variations due to sampling, and provides a laboratory sample of adequate size.  
5.2 Practice D2258 may not give the most efficient sampling plan that might be devised in special situations but does present a general procedure that gives satisfactory precision with an economical amount of sampling. Many plans that include stratified sampling can be found in textbooks and through the use of statistical software tools and calculators.  
5.2.1 If not specified by the purchaser, the manufacturer will define suitable production lots based on one or more of the following: supply lot, production shift/time segment, production equipment or production line, operator, designated shipment, production run, or a combination herein.  
5.2.2 If not specified by the purchaser, the manufacturer will define sampling and testing frequency based on the following: process capability or capability analysis, historical trends, level of detection rate required, confidence level requirements, known variations or special causes, or both. Every attempt to ensure conforming product is being produced, identify potential nonconforming product or proper isolation and identification, will be carried out by the manufacturer.  
5.2.3 Sampling count and number of specimens will be based on standard practice listed within the document. Increase or decrease in count or frequency might be applied based on typical standard deviation, precision and confidence level, Measurement System...
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1.1 This practice describes a procedure for the division of shipments of yarn into test lots and the sampling of such lots for testing.  
1.1.1 This practice can be used for lot sample testing of yarns for both pre-fabric production and post-fabric production.  
1.2 This practice is applicable to single, plied, or cabled yarns, and cords, made of any fiber or mixture of fibers, and supported on any form of package, including beams.  
1.3 This practice also describes procedures for the sampling of yarn(s) removed from woven or knitted fabrics; however, when thus sampled, the yarns are usually not representative of entire shipments, as referred to in 1.1. Consequently, the resultant sampling can only be used to determine the characteristics of the yarn and is usually not used for acceptance testing. Moreover, it should be recognized that the characteristics of yarns from fabrics may be different than the characteristics of the same yarn(s), prior to being entered into the fabric manufacturing process.  
1.4 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system are not necessarily exact equivalents; therefore, to ensure conformance with the standard, each system shall be used independently of the other, and values from the two systems shall not be combined.  
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.6 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical...

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ASTM D2256/D2256M-21(Test Method)
Standard Test Method for Tensile Properties of Yarns by the Single-Strand Method

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 Acceptance Testing—Option A1 of Test Method D2256 is considered satisfactory for acceptance testing of commercial shipments because the test method has been used extensively in the trade for acceptance testing. However, this statement is not applicable to knot and loop breaking force tests, tests on wet specimens, tests on oven-dried specimens, or tests on specimens exposed to low or high temperatures and should be used with caution for acceptance testing because factual information on between-laboratory precision and bias is not available.  
5.1.1 If there are differences of practical significance between reported test results for two laboratories (or more), comparative tests should be performed to determine if there is a statistical bias between them, using competent statistical assistance. As a minimum, use the samples for such a comparative tests that are as homogeneous as possible, drawn from the same lot of material as the samples that resulted in disparate results during initial testing and randomly assigned in equal numbers to each laboratory. The test results from the laboratories involved should be compared using a statistical test for unpaired data, a probability level chosen prior to the testing series. If a bias is found, either its cause must be found and corrected, or future test results for that material must be adjusted in consideration of the known bias.  
5.2 Fundamental Properties—The breaking tenacity, calculated from the breaking force and the linear density, and the elongation are fundamental properties that are widely used to establish limitations on yarn processing or conversion and on their end-use applications. Initial modulus is a measure of the resistance of the yarn to extension at forces below the yield point. The chord modulus is used to estimate the resistance to imposed strain. The breaking toughness is a measure of the work necessary to break the yarn.  
5.3 Comparison to Skein Testing—The single-strand method gives a more a...
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1.1 This test method covers the determination of tensile properties of monofilament, multifilament, and spun yarns, either single, plied, or cabled with the exception of yarns that stretch more than 5.0 % when tension is increased from 0.05 to 1.0 cN/tex [0.5 to 1.0 gf/tex].  
1.2 This test method covers the measurement of breaking force and elongation of yarns and includes directions for the calculation of breaking tenacity, initial modulus, chord modulus, and breaking toughness.  
1.2.1 Options are included for the testing of specimens in: (A) straight, (B) knotted, and (C) looped form.  
1.2.2 Conditions of test are included for the testing of specimens that are: (1) conditioned air, (2) wet, not immersed, (3) wet, immersed, (4) oven-dried, (5) exposed to elevated temperature, or (6) exposed to low temperature.  
Note 1: Special methods for testing yarns made from specific fibers; namely, glass, flax, hemp, ramie, and kraft paper and for specific products; namely, tire cords and rope, have been published: Test Methods D885, and Specification D578.
Note 2: For directions covering the determination of breaking force of yarn by the skein method refer to Test Method D1578.  
1.3 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other. Combining values from the two systems may result in non-conformance with the standard.  
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization estab...

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    sale 15% off