ASTM A439/A439M-18

Standard Specification for Austenitic Ductile Iron Castings

ABSTRACT
This specification covers austenitic ductile iron castings used for their resistance to heat, corrosion and wear. The castings shall be melt processed using cupolas, air furnaces, electric furnaces or crucible furnaces. The iron castings shall undergo magnetic permeability test. Samples taken from test coupons, broken test specimens, or castings shall conform to the required chemical compositions of carbon, silicon, manganese, phosphorus, nickel and chromium. Mechanical tests shall be performed wherein the iron casting specimens shall conform to the required values of tensile strength, yield strength, elongation and Brinell hardness.
SCOPE
1.1 This specification covers austenitic ductile iron castings, which are used primarily for their resistance to heat, corrosion, and wear, and for other special purposes.  
1.2 Austenitic ductile iron, also known as austenitic nodular iron or austenitic spheroidal iron, is characterized by having its graphite substantially in a spheroidal form and substantially free of flake graphite. It contains some carbides and sufficient alloy content to produce an austenitic structure.  
1.3 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other. Combining values from the two systems may result in nonconformance with the standard.  
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

General Information

• Status: Historical
• Publication Date: 31-Oct-2018
• ICS: 77.140.80 - Iron and steel castings
• Technical Committee: A04 - Iron Castings
• Drafting Committee: A04.02 - Malleable and Ductile Iron Castings

Standards Content (Sample)

NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information
Designation: A439/A439M −18
Standard Specification for
1
Austenitic Ductile Iron Castings
This standard is issued under the fixed designationA439/A439M; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year
of original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.
A superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the U.S. Department of Defense.
3
1. Scope E30 Test Methods for Chemical Analysis of Ferroalloys
E59 Practice for Sampling Steel and Iron for Determination
1.1 This specification covers austenitic ductile iron castings,
3
of Chemical Composition
which are used primarily for their resistance to heat, corrosion,
E351 Test Methods for ChemicalAnalysis of Cast Iron—All
and wear, and for other special purposes.
Types
1.2 Austenitic ductile iron, also known as austenitic nodular
iron or austenitic spheroidal iron, is characterized by having its
3. Ordering Information
graphite substantially in a spheroidal form and substantially
3.1 Orders for material to this specification shall include the
free of flake graphite. It contains some carbides and sufficient
following information:
alloy content to produce an austenitic structure.
3.1.1 ASTM designation,
1.3 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units 3.1.2 Type of austenitic ductile iron required (see 6.1),
are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in 3.1.3 Heat treatment options (see 4.3 – 4.6),
each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each 3.1.4 If repair of castings is permitted (see 4.7),
system shall be used independently of the other. Combining 3.1.5 Size and number of test bars required (see 9.1 – 9.4
values from the two systems may result in nonconformance and 10.1),
with the standard. 3.1.6 Special tests, if required (see 12.1),
3.1.7 Certification, if required (see 14.1), and
1.4 This international standard was developed in accor-
3.1.8 Different preparation for delivery requirements, if
dance with internationally recognized principles on standard-
needed (see 15.1).
ization established in the Decision on Principles for the
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recom-
4. Manufacture
mendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical
4.1 Melting may be done in any furnaces that produce
Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
castings meeting the chemical and mechanical requirements
outlined in this specification. These include cupolas, air
2. Referenced Documents
furnaces, electric furnaces, crucible furnaces, and so forth.
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
Nodularizing and inoculation practice shall be optional with
A247 Test Method for Evaluating the Microstructure of
the foundry to produce a microstructure in accordance with 1.2
Graphite in Iron Castings
and Test Method A247.
A370 Test Methods and Definitions for Mechanical Testing
4.2 Austenitic ductile iron castings may be supplied in
of Steel Products
either the as-cast or the heat-treated condition.
E8/E8M Test Methods for Tension Testing of Metallic Ma-
terials
4.3 By agreement between the manufacturer and the
E10 Test Method for Brinell Hardness of Metallic Materials
purchaser, the castings may be stress relieved by heating to
1150 to 1200 °F [620 to 650 °C] for not less than 1 h and not
for more than 2 h per inch [25 mm] of thickness in the thickest
1
section. Heating and cooling shall be uniform and shall not be
This specification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee A04 on Iron
Castings and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee A04.02 on Malleable and
more than 400 °F⁄h [220 °C⁄h] for castings less than 1 in.
Ductile Iron Castings.
[25 mm] in maximum thickness and shall be not more than
Current edition approved Nov. 1, 2018. Published November 2018. Originally
400 °F⁄h [220 °C⁄h] divided by the maximum section thick-
approved in 1960. Last previous edition approved in 2015 as A439/A439M – 15.
ness in inches [25 mm] for thicker castings. During the cooling
DOI: 10.1520/A0439_A0439M-18.
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
contact ASTM Customer Service at [e-mail]. For Annual Book of ASTM
3
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on Withdrawn. The last approved version of this historical standard is referenced
the ASTM website. on www.astm.org.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1

---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
A439/A439M − 18
cycle, castings may be cooled in still air after the temperature chemical composition prescribed in Table 1. Sampling shall be
has dropped to 600 °F [310 °C]. conducted in ac
...

This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
Designation: A439/A439M − 15 A439/A439M − 18
Standard Specification for
1
Austenitic Ductile Iron Castings
This standard is issued under the fixed designation A439/A439M; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year
of original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.
A superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the U.S. Department of Defense.
1. Scope
1.1 This specification covers austenitic ductile iron castings, which are used primarily for their resistance to heat, corrosion, and
wear, and for other special purposes.
1.2 Austenitic ductile iron, also known as austenitic nodular iron or austenitic spheroidal iron, is characterized by having its
graphite substantially in a spheroidal form and substantially free of flake graphite. It contains some carbides and sufficient alloy
content to produce an austenitic structure.
1.3 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each
system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other. Combining values from the
two systems may result in non-conformancenonconformance with the standard.
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization
established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued
by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
2. Referenced Documents
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
A247 Test Method for Evaluating the Microstructure of Graphite in Iron Castings
A370 Test Methods and Definitions for Mechanical Testing of Steel Products
E8E8/E8M Test Methods for Tension Testing of Metallic Materials [Metric] E0008_E0008M
E10 Test Method for Brinell Hardness of Metallic Materials
3
E30 Test Methods for Chemical Analysis of Ferroalloys
3
E59 Practice for Sampling Steel and Iron for Determination of Chemical Composition
E351 Test Methods for Chemical Analysis of Cast Iron—All Types
3. Ordering Information
3.1 Orders for material to this specification shall include the following information:
3.1.1 ASTM designation,
3.1.2 Type of austenitic ductile iron required (see 6.1),
3.1.3 Heat treatment options (see 4.3 – 4.6),
3.1.4 If repair of castings is permitted (see 4.7),
3.1.5 Size and number of test bars required (see 9.1 – 9.4 and 10.1),
3.1.6 Special tests, if required (see 12.1),
3.1.7 Certification, if required (see 14.1), and
3.1.8 Different preparation for delivery requirements, if needed (see 15.1).
1
This specification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee A04 on Iron Castings and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee A04.02 on Malleable and Ductile
Iron Castings.
Current edition approved Nov. 1, 2015Nov. 1, 2018. Published December 2015November 2018. Originally approved in 1960. Last previous edition approved in 20092015
as A439 – 83 (2009).A439/A439M – 15. DOI: 10.1520/A0439_A0439M-15.10.1520/A0439_A0439M-18.
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or contact ASTM Customer Service at [e-mail]. For Annual Book of ASTM Standards
volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on the ASTM website.
3
Withdrawn. The last approved version of this historical standard is referenced on www.astm.org.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1

---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
A439/A439M − 18
4. Manufacture
4.1 Melting may be done in any furnaces that produce castings meeting the chemical and mechanical requirements outlined in
this specification. These include cupolas, air furnaces, electric furnaces, crucible furnaces, and so forth. Nodularizing and
inoculation practice shall be optional with the foundry to produce a microstructure in accordance with 1.2 and Test Method A247.
4.2 Austenitic ductile iron castings may be supplied in either the as-cast or the heat-treated condition.
4.3 By agreement between the manufacturer and the purchaser, the castings may be stress relieved by heating to 1150 to
1200°F1200 °F [620 to 650°C]650 °C] for not less than 1 h and not for more than 2 h per inch [25 mm] of thickness in the thickest
section. Heating and cooling shall be uniform and shall not be
...