ASTM D8279-21e1
(Test Method)Standard Test Method for Determination of Timing-Chain Wear in a Turbocharged, Direct-Injection, Spark-Ignition, Four-Cylinder Engine
Standard Test Method for Determination of Timing-Chain Wear in a Turbocharged, Direct-Injection, Spark-Ignition, Four-Cylinder Engine
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 This test method evaluates an automotive engine oil's lubricating efficiency in inhibiting timing-chain lengthening under operating conditions selected to accelerate timing-chain wear. Varying quality reference oils of known wear performance were used in developing the operating conditions of the test procedure.
5.2 The test method can be used to screen lubricants for satisfactory lubrication of an engine timing chain and has application in gasoline, automotive, engine-oil specifications. It is expected to be used in specifications and classifications of engine lubricating oils, such as the following:
5.2.1 ILSAC GF-6.
5.2.2 Specification D4485.
5.2.3 SAE Classification J183.
SCOPE
1.1 Undesirable timing-chain wear has been observed with gasoline, turbocharged, direct-injection (GTDI) engines in field service, and data from correlating laboratory engine tests have shown that chain wear can be affected by appropriately formulated engine lubricating. A laboratory engine test has been developed to provide a means for screening lubricating oils for that specific purpose. The laboratory engine test is 216 h in length, conducted under varying conditions, and the increase in timing-chain length determined at the end of test is the primary result. This test method is commonly known as the Sequence X, Chain Wear (CW) Test.
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses after SI units are provided for information only and are not considered standard.
1.2.1 Exception—Where there is no direct SI equivalent such as screw threads, national pipe threads/diameters, tubing size, or specified single source equipment.
1.3 Table of Contents:
Section
Scope
1
Referenced Documents
2
Terminology
3
Summary of Test Method
4
Significance and Use
5
Apparatus
6
Test Engine
6.1
Reagents and Materials
7
Preparation of Apparatus
8
Timing-chain Preparation, Installation, and Measurement
8.20
Test Stand Installation
8.21
Electronic Throttle Controller
8.21.17
Temperature Measurement
8.23
Pressure Measurement
8.24
Flowrate Measurement
8.25
Blowby Flowrate
8.26
Stand Calibration
9
Test Procedure
10
Pre-Test Procedure and Engine Break-In
10.1
Engine Start-up Procedures
10.2
Test Sequence
10.3
Engine Shutdown Procedures
10.4
Blowby Flowrate Measurement
10.5
Parameter Logging
10.6
Oil Consumption Calculation
10.7
General Maintenance
10.8
Special Maintenance Procedures
10.9
Blowby Flowrate Adjustment
10.10
Diagnostic Data Review
11
Test Results
12
Report
13
Precision and Bias
14
Keywords
15
ANNEXES
ASTM TMC Organization
Annex A1
ASTM TMC: Calibration Procedures
Annex A2
ASTM TMC: Maintenance Activities
Annex A3
ASTM TMC: Related Information
Annex A4
Engine and Stand Parts
Annex A5
Safety Precautions
Annex A6
Engine Rebuild Templates
Annex A7
Engine Build Records
Annex A8
Cylinder Head Build
A8.1
Cylinder Bore Measurement
A8.2
Bearing Journal Measurements
A8.3
Engine Part Photographs, Schematics and Figures
Annex A9
Control and Data Acquisition Requirements
Annex A10
Dipstick Oil Level to Charge Conversions
Annex A11
Sequence X Report Forms and Data Acquisition
Annex A12
APPENDIXES
Sources of Materials and Information
Appendix X1
Suggested Designs for Engine Fixing Brackets
Appendix X2
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitati...
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´1
Designation: D8279 − 21
Standard Test Method for
Determination of Timing-Chain Wear in a Turbocharged,
1
Direct-Injection, Spark-Ignition, Four-Cylinder Engine
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D8279; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision.Anumber in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1
ε NOTE—Editorially updated TMC governance information in June 2022.
INTRODUCTION
Portions of this test method are written for use by laboratories that make use of ASTM Test
2
Monitoring Center (TMC) services (see Annex A1 to Annex A4).
TheTMCprovidesreferenceoils,andengineeringandstatisticalservicestolaboratoriesthatdesire
to produce test results that are statistically similar to those produced by laboratories previously
calibrated by the TMC.
In general, the Test Purchaser decides if a calibrated test stand is to be used. Organizations such as
theAmericanChemistryCouncilrequirethatalaboratoryutilizetheTMCservicesaspartoftheirtest
registration process. In addition, the American Petroleum Institute and the Gear Lubricant Review
Committee of the Lubricant Review Institute (SAE International) require that a laboratory use the
TMC services in seeking qualification of oils against their specifications.
The advantage of using the TMC services to calibrate test stands is that the test laboratory (and
hence theTest Purchaser) has an assurance that the test stand was operating at the proper level of test
severity. It should also be borne in mind that results obtained in a non-calibrated test stand may not
be the same as those obtained in a test stand participating in the ASTM TMC services process.
Laboratories that choose not to use the TMC services may simply disregard these portions.
ASTM International policy is to encourage the development of test procedures based on generic
equipment. It is recognized that there are occasions where critical/sole-source equipment has been
approved by the technical committee (surveillance panel/task force) and is required by the test
procedure. The technical committee that oversees the test procedure is encouraged to clearly identify
if the part is considered critical in the test procedure. If a part is deemed to be critical, ASTM
encouragesalternativesupplierstobegiventheopportunityforconsiderationofsupplyingthecritical
part/component providing they meet the approval process set forth by the technical committee.
An alternative supplier can start the process by initiating contact with the technical committee
(current chairs shown onASTM TMC website). The supplier should advise on the details of the part
that is intended to be supplied. The technical committee will review the request and determine
feasibility of an alternative supplier for the requested replacement critical part. In the event that a
replacement critical part has been identified and proven equivalent, the sole-source supplier footnote
shall be removed from the test procedure.
1. Scope*
1 1.1 Undesirable timing-chain wear has been observed with
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D02 on
Petroleum Products, Liquid Fuels, and Lubricants and is the direct responsibility of gasoline,turbocharged,direct-injection(GTDI)enginesinfield
Subcommittee D02.B0 on Automotive Lubricants.
service, and data from correlating laboratory engine tests have
Current edition approved Jan. 1, 2021. Published January 2021. Originally
shown that chain wear can be affected by appropriately
approved in 2019. Last previous edition approved in 2020 as D8279–20a. DOI:
formulated engine lubricating. A laboratory engine test has
10.1520/D8279-21E01.
2
Until the next revision of this test method, the ASTM Test Monitoring Center
been developed to provide a means for screening lubricating
will update changes in the test method by means of information letters. Information
oils for that specific purpose. The laboratory engine test is
letters may be obtained from the ASTM Test Monitoring Center, 203 Armstrong
216h in length, conducted under varying conditions, and the
Drive, Freeport, PA 16229. Attention: Director. This edition incorporates revisions
increase in timing-chain length determined at the end of test is
in all Information Letters through No. 20-4.
*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1
---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
´1
D8279 − 21
theprimaryresult.Thistestmethodiscommonlyknownasthe mendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical
Sequence X, Chain Wear (CW) Test. Barriers to
...
This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
´1
Designation: D8279 − 21 D8279 − 21
Standard Test Method for
Determination of Timing-Chain Wear in a Turbocharged,
1
Direct-Injection, Spark-Ignition, Four-Cylinder Engine
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D8279; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1
ε NOTE—Editorially updated TMC governance information in June 2022.
INTRODUCTION
Portions of this test method are written for use by laboratories that make use of ASTM Test
2
Monitoring Center (TMC) services (see Annex A1 to Annex A4).
The TMC provides reference oils, and engineering and statistical services to laboratories that desire
to produce test results that are statistically similar to those produced by laboratories previously
calibrated by the TMC.
In general, the Test Purchaser decides if a calibrated test stand is to be used. Organizations such as
the American Chemistry Council require that a laboratory utilize the TMC services as part of their test
registration process. In addition, the American Petroleum Institute and the Gear Lubricant Review
Committee of the Lubricant Review Institute (SAE International) require that a laboratory use the
TMC services in seeking qualification of oils against their specifications.
The advantage of using the TMC services to calibrate test stands is that the test laboratory (and
hence the Test Purchaser) has an assurance that the test stand was operating at the proper level of test
severity. It should also be borne in mind that results obtained in a non-calibrated test stand may not
be the same as those obtained in a test stand participating in the ASTM TMC services process.
Laboratories that choose not to use the TMC services may simply disregard these portions.
ASTM International policy is to encourage the development of test procedures based on generic
equipment. It is recognized that there are occasions where critical/sole-source equipment has been
approved by the technical committee (surveillance panel/task force) and is required by the test
procedure. The technical committee that oversees the test procedure is encouraged to clearly identify
if the part is considered critical in the test procedure. If a part is deemed to be critical, ASTM
encourages alternative suppliers to be given the opportunity for consideration of supplying the critical
part/component providing they meet the approval process set forth by the technical committee.
An alternative supplier can start the process by initiating contact with the technical committee
(current chairs shown on ASTM TMC website). The supplier should advise on the details of the part
that is intended to be supplied. The technical committee will review the request and determine
feasibility of an alternative supplier for the requested replacement critical part. In the event that a
replacement critical part has been identified and proven equivalent, the sole-source supplier footnote
shall be removed from the test procedure.
1
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D02 on Petroleum Products, Liquid Fuels, and Lubricants and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee
D02.B0 on Automotive Lubricants.
Current edition approved Jan. 1, 2021. Published January 2021. Originally approved in 2019. Last previous edition approved in 2020 as D8279 – 20a. DOI:
10.1520/D8279-21.10.1520/D8279-21E01.
2
Until the next revision of this test method, the ASTM Test Monitoring Center will update changes in the test method by means of information letters. Information letters
may be obtained from the ASTM Test Monitoring Center, 6555 Penn Ave., Pittsburgh, PA 15206-4489. Attention: Administrator.203 Armstrong Drive, Freeport, PA 16229.
Attention: Director. This edition incorporates revisions in all Information Letters through No. 20-4.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1
---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
´1
D8279 − 21
1. Scope*
1.1 Undesirable timing-chain wear has been observed with gasoline, turbocharged, direct-injection (GTDI) engines in field
service, and data from correlating laboratory engine tests have shown that chain wear can be affected by appropriately formulated
engine lubricating. A laboratory engine test has been developed to provide a means for s
...
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