ASTM E1084-86(2015)
(Test Method)Standard Test Method for Solar Transmittance (Terrestrial) of Sheet Materials Using Sunlight
Standard Test Method for Solar Transmittance (Terrestrial) of Sheet Materials Using Sunlight
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 Solar transmittance is an important factor in the admission of energy through fenestration, collector glazing, and protective envelopes. This test method provides a means of measuring this factor under fixed conditions. While the data may be of assistance to designers in the selection and specification of glazing materials, the solar transmittance is not sufficient to define the rate of net heat transfer without information on other important factors.
4.2 This test method has been found practical for both transparent and translucent materials, as well as for those with transmittance reduced by highly reflective coatings. This test method is particularly applicable to the measurement of transmittance of inhomogeneous, fiber reinforced, patterned, or corrugated materials since the transmittance is averaged over a large area.
4.3 This test method may be used to measure transmittance of glazing materials at angles up to 60° off normal incidence.
Note 1: A technique similar to the one described but using a pyrheliometer has been used for the measurement of specular solar reflectance; however, there is insufficient experience with this technique for standardization at present.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the measurement of solar transmittance (terrestrial) of materials in sheet form by using a pyranometer, an enclosure, and the sun as the energy source.
1.2 This test method also allows measurement of solar transmittance at angles other than normal incidence.
1.3 This test method is applicable to sheet materials that are transparent, translucent, textured, or patterned.
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
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Designation: E1084 − 86 (Reapproved 2015)
Standard Test Method for
Solar Transmittance (Terrestrial) of Sheet Materials Using
1
Sunlight
This standard is issued under the fixed designation E1084; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope 3. Summary of Test Method
1.1 This test method covers the measurement of solar 3.1 Using a pyranometer to measure the solar irradiance, the
transmittance (terrestrial) of materials in sheet form by using a test specimen is inserted in the path of the rays from the sun to
pyranometer, an enclosure, and the sun as the energy source. the pyranometer. An enclosure with a nonreflecting bottom is
used to avoid measuring flux from around the edges of the
1.2 This test method also allows measurement of solar
specimen or from multiple reflections between the box and the
transmittance at angles other than normal incidence.
specimen. The transmittance is the ratio of the flux measured
1.3 This test method is applicable to sheet materials that are
with the specimen in the light path to the flux measured without
transparent, translucent, textured, or patterned.
the specimen in the path.
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the
4. Significance and Use
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
4.1 Solar transmittance is an important factor in the admis-
priate safety, health, and environmental practices and deter-
sion of energy through fenestration, collector glazing, and
mine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
protective envelopes. This test method provides a means of
1.5 This international standard was developed in accor-
measuring this factor under fixed conditions. While the data
dance with internationally recognized principles on standard-
may be of assistance to designers in the selection and specifi-
ization established in the Decision on Principles for the cation of glazing materials, the solar transmittance is not
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recom-
sufficient to define the rate of net heat transfer without
mendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical information on other important factors.
Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
4.2 This test method has been found practical for both
transparent and translucent materials, as well as for those with
2. Terminology
transmittance reduced by highly reflective coatings. This test
2.1 Definitions:
method is particularly applicable to the measurement of
2.1.1 pyranometer, n—a radiometer used to measure the
transmittance of inhomogeneous, fiber reinforced, patterned, or
total solar radiant energy incident upon a surface per unit time
corrugated materials since the transmittance is averaged over a
per unit area. This energy includes the direct radiant energy,
large area.
diffuse radiant energy, and reflected radiant energy from the
4.3 This test method may be used to measure transmittance
background.
of glazing materials at angles up to 60° off normal incidence.
2.1.2 solar reflectance, n—the ratio of reflected to incident
NOTE 1—A technique similar to the one described but using a
solar flux.
pyrheliometer has been used for the measurement of specular solar
2.1.3 solar transmittance, n—the ratio of transmitted to
reflectance; however, there is insufficient experience with this technique
incident solar flux.
for standardization at present.
2.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:
5. Apparatus
2.2.1 solar flux, n—the total radiation from the sun, both
5.1 Enclosure—The required apparatus is a box capable of
direct and diffuse.
supporting a 0.60 m (24 in.) square specimen. The box shall
have a square, clear aperture of no less than 0.50 m by 0.50 m
1
(20 in. by 20 in.). The enclosure shall have provisions to hold
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee E44 on Solar,
Geothermal and Other Alternative Energy Sources and is the direct responsibility of
specimens planar across the aperture with the additional
Subcommittee E44.20 on Optical Materials for Solar Applications.
capability to remove and replace the specimen easily during the
Current edition approved March 1, 2015. Published April 2015. Originally
measurement process. It shall also have the capability to move
approved in 1986. Last previous edition approved in 2009 as E1084 – 86 (2009).
DOI: 10.1520/E1084-86R15. the specimen across the aperture in a systematic way. Light
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United S
...
This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
Designation: E1084 − 86 (Reapproved 2009) E1084 − 86 (Reapproved 2015)
Standard Test Method for
Solar Transmittance (Terrestrial) of Sheet Materials Using
1
Sunlight
This standard is issued under the fixed designation E1084; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope
1.1 This test method covers the measurement of solar transmittance (terrestrial) of materials in sheet form by using a
pyranometer, an enclosure, and the sun as the energy source.
1.2 This test method also allows measurement of solar transmittance at angles other than normal incidence.
1.3 This test method is applicable to sheet materials that are transparent, translucent, textured, or patterned.
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility
of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory
limitations prior to use.
2. Terminology
2.1 Definitions:
2.1.1 pyranometer, n—a radiometer used to measure the total solar radiant energy incident upon a surface per unit time per unit
area. This energy includes the direct radiant energy, diffuse radiant energy, and reflected radiant energy from the background.
2.1.2 solar reflectance, n—the ratio of reflected to incident solar flux.
2.1.3 solar transmittance, n—the ratio of transmitted to incident solar flux.
2.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:
2.2.1 solar flux, n—the total radiation from the sun, both direct and diffuse.
3. Summary of Test Method
3.1 Using a pyranometer to measure the solar irradiance, the test specimen is inserted in the path of the rays from the sun to
the pyranometer. An enclosure with a nonreflecting bottom is used to avoid measuring flux from around the edges of the specimen
or from multiple reflections between the box and the specimen. The transmittance is the ratio of the flux measured with the
specimen in the light path to the flux measured without the specimen in the path.
4. Significance and Use
4.1 Solar transmittance is an important factor in the admission of energy through fenestration, collector glazing, and protective
envelopes. This test method provides a means of measuring this factor under fixed conditions. While the data may be of assistance
to designers in the selection and specification of glazing materials, the solar transmittance is not sufficient to define the rate of net
heat transfer without information on other important factors.
4.2 This test method has been found practical for both transparent and translucent materials, as well as for those with
transmittance reduced by highly reflective coatings. This test method is particularly applicable to the measurement of transmittance
of inhomogeneous, fiber reinforced, patterned, or corrugated materials since the transmittance is averaged over a large area.
4.3 This test method may be used to measure transmittance of glazing materials at angles up to 60° off normal incidence.
NOTE 1—A technique similar to the one described but using a pyrheliometer has been used for the measurement of specular solar reflectance; however,
there is insufficient experience with this technique for standardization at present.
1
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee E44 on Solar, Geothermal and Other Alternative Energy Sources and is the direct responsibility of
Subcommittee E44.05 on Solar Heating and Cooling Systems and Materials.
Current edition approved April 1, 2009March 1, 2015. Published June 2009April 2015. Originally approved in 1986. Last previous edition approved in 20032009 as
E1084–86(2003).E1084–86(2009). DOI: 10.1520/E1084-86R09.10.1520/E1084-86R15.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
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E1084 − 86 (2015)
5. Apparatus
5.1 Enclosure—The required apparatus is a box capable of supporting a 0.60 m (24 in.) square specimen. The box shall have
a square, clear aperture of no less than 0.50 m by 0.50 m (20 in. by 20 in.). The enclosure shall have provisions to hold specimens
planar across the aperture with the additional capability to remove and replace the specimen easily during the measurement
process. It shall also have t
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