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ASTM D1544-04(2023)

(Test Method)

Standard Test Method for Color of Transparent Liquids (Gardner Color Scale)

Standard Test Method for Color of Transparent Liquids (Gardner Color Scale)

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
3.1 This test method applies to drying oils, varnishes, fatty acids, polymerized fatty acids, and resin solutions. Its application to other materials has not been tested.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the measurement of the color of transparent liquids by means of comparison with arbitrarily numbered glass standards.  
1.2 Users of this method should have normal color vision.  
1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.  
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

General Information

Status
Published
Publication Date
30-Jun-2023
ICS
17.180.20 - Colours and measurement of light
Technical Committee
D01 - Paint and Related Coatings, Materials, and Applications
Drafting Committee
D01.26 - Optical Properties
Current Stage
Ref Project

Relations

Refers
ASTM E308-17 - Standard Practice for Computing the Colors of Objects by Using the CIE System
Effective Date
01-May-2017
Refers
ASTM E308-15 - Standard Practice for Computing the Colors of Objects by Using the CIE System
Effective Date
01-Apr-2015
Refers
ASTM D1545-13 - Standard Test Method for Viscosity of Transparent Liquids by Bubble Time Method
Effective Date
01-Feb-2013
Refers
ASTM D6166-12 - Standard Test Method for Color of Pine Chemicals and Related Products (Instrumental Determination of Gardner Color)
Effective Date
01-Nov-2012
Refers
ASTM E308-12 - Standard Practice for Computing the Colors of Objects by Using the CIE System
Effective Date
01-Jul-2012
Refers
ASTM D1545-07(2012) - Standard Test Method for Viscosity of Transparent Liquids by Bubble Time Method
Effective Date
01-Feb-2012
Refers
ASTM E308-08 - Standard Practice for Computing the Colors of Objects by Using the CIE System
Effective Date
01-Dec-2008
Refers
ASTM D6166-08 - Standard Test Method for Color of Naval Stores and Related Products (Instrumental Determination of Gardner Color)
Effective Date
01-Jul-2008
Refers
ASTM D1545-07 - Standard Test Method for Viscosity of Transparent Liquids by Bubble Time Method
Effective Date
01-Jul-2007
Refers
ASTM E308-06 - Standard Practice for Computing the Colors of Objects by Using the CIE System
Effective Date
01-Dec-2006
Refers
ASTM D6166-97(2003) - Standard Test Method for Color of Naval Stores and Related Products (Instrumental Determination of Gardner Color)
Effective Date
10-Jul-2003
Refers
ASTM E308-01 - Standard Practice for Computing the Colors of Objects by Using the CIE System
Effective Date
10-Aug-2001
Refers
ASTM E308-99 - Standard Practice for Computing the Colors of Objects by Using the CIE System
Effective Date
10-Aug-2001
Refers
ASTM D1545-98 - Standard Test Method for Viscosity of Transparent Liquids by Bubble Time Method (Withdrawn 2007)
Effective Date
10-Oct-1998

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ASTM D1544-04(2023) - Standard Test Method for Color of Transparent Liquids (Gardner Color Scale)ASTM D1544-04(2023) - Standard Test Method for Color of Transparent Liquids (Gardner Color Scale)
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ASTM D1544-04(2023) - Standard Test Method for Color of Transparent Liquids (Gardner Color Scale)
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This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
Designation: D1544 − 04 (Reapproved 2023)
Standard Test Method for
Color of Transparent Liquids (Gardner Color Scale)
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D1544; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the U.S. Department of Defense.
1. Scope 3. Significance and Use
3.1 This test method applies to drying oils, varnishes, fatty
1.1 This test method covers the measurement of the color of
acids, polymerized fatty acids, and resin solutions. Its applica-
transparent liquids by means of comparison with arbitrarily
tion to other materials has not been tested.
numbered glass standards.
1.2 Users of this method should have normal color vision.
4. Apparatus
4.1 Glass Standards, 18, numbered separately, and having
1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as
the color characteristics given in Table 1. The color shall be
standard. No other units of measurement are included in this
produced by the glass components only. Some glass standards
standard.
in use today do not conform to the values reported in Table 1.
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the
The calibration of glass standards should be verified prior to
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
use; a suitable procedure for their calibration is contained in
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
Appendix X1.
priate safety, health, and environmental practices and deter-
4.2 Glass Tubes, clear, 10.65 mm in inside diameter and
mine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
about 114 mm in outside length. (Viscosity tubes, as described
1.5 This international standard was developed in accor-
in Test Method D1545, are satisfactory.)
dance with internationally recognized principles on standard-
4.3 Suitable apparatus for comparing sample and standard.
ization established in the Decision on Principles for the
The apparatus may be of any design, but should have the
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recom-
following characteristics:
mendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical
4.3.1 Illumination—CIE Illuminant C.
Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
4.3.2 Surrounding Field—The field should be black.
4.3.3 Field of View—The specimen and one or more stan-
2. Referenced Documents
dards should subtend a visual angle of about 2° and be in the
field of view simultaneously.
2.1 ASTM Standards:
4.3.4 Separation of Standard and Specimen—There should
D1545 Test Method for Viscosity of Transparent Liquids by
be a perceptible separation between specimen and standard, but
Bubble Time Method
this should be as small as is mechanically possible.
D6166 Test Method for Color of Pine Chemicals and Re-
lated Products (Instrumental Determination of Gardner
5. Procedure
Color)
5.1 Fill a glass tube with the material under test. If the
E308 Practice for Computing the Colors of Objects by Using
material is perceptibly cloudy, first filter it.
the CIE System
5.2 Compare with glass standards, determining which stan-
dard most closely matches the specimen in brightness and
1 saturation. Ignore hue differences.
This test method is under the jurisdiction of Committee D01 on Paint and
Related Coatings, Materials, and Applications and is the direct responsibility of
Subcommittee D01.26 on Optical Properties.
6. Report
Current edition approved July 1, 2023. Published July 2023. Originally approved
6.1 Report the color as the number of the standard most
in 1958. Last previous edition approved in 2018 as D1544 – 04 (2018). DOI:
10.1520/D1544-04R23.
closely matching the specimen. If more precise measurements
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
are needed, report as either matching a standard or lighter or
contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
darker. Thus, between colors 5 and 6, the steps will be 5, 5+,
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
the ASTM website. 6−, and 6.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
D1544 − 04 (2023)
TABLE 1 Color Specifications of Reference Standards
the “between” and “within” standard deviations were found to
Gardner be 0.5 and 0.1 color number, respectively. Based on these
A
Chromatici
...

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3.1 The color of a tall oil fatty acid is readily affected by heat and oxidization. Variations in degree of heat, time of heat, and exposure to atmosphere during heating have a marked effect on the color obtained; therefore, conformity to the equipment and procedure outlined in this test method is essential to accuracy and precision.
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5.1 The most direct and accessible methods for obtaining the color coordinates of object colors are by instrumental measurement using spectrophotometers or colorimeters with either hemispherical or bidirectional optical measuring systems. This test method provides procedures for such measurement by reflectance spectrophotometry using a hemispherical optical measuring system.  
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1.1 This test method describes the instrumental measurement of the reflection properties and color of object-color specimens by the use of a spectrophotometer or spectrocolorimeter with a hemispherical optical measuring system, such as an integrating sphere.  
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5.1 The most fundamental method for obtaining CIE tristimulus values or other color coordinates for describing the colors of visual display units (VDUs) is by the use of spectroradiometric data. (See CIE No. 18 and 63.) These data are used by summation together with numerical values representing the 1931 CIE Standard Observer and normalized to Km, the maximum spectral luminous efficacy function.  
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1.1 This test method prescribes the instrumental measurements required for characterizing the color and brightness of VDUs.  
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5.1 The most general and reliable methods for obtaining CIE tristimulus values or, through transformation of them, other coordinates for describing the colors of objects are by the use of spectrometric data. Colorimetric data are obtained by combining object spectral data with data representing a CIE standard observer and a CIE standard illuminant, as described in Practice E308.  
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SCOPE
1.1 This practice covers the instrumental measurement requirements, calibration procedures, and material standards needed to obtain precise spectral data for computing the colors of objects.  
1.2 This practice lists the parameters that must be specified when spectrometric measurements are required in specific methods, practices, or specifications.  
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1.5 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.  
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