ASTM B406-96(2021)
(Test Method)Standard Test Method for Transverse Rupture Strength of Cemented Carbides
Standard Test Method for Transverse Rupture Strength of Cemented Carbides
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
3.1 This test method is used as a means of determining the quality of cemented carbide grade powders by measuring their sintered strength. It is performed on test specimens prepared to specified shape, dimensions, and surface finish; test specimens may be prepared from finished parts if size permits. There is no known standard material for this test method. The transverse rupture strength of cemented carbides is not a design value.
3.1.1 Most commercial cemented carbides have mechanical behavior that is best classified as brittle (negligible ductility). Fracture strengths are dependent on internal or surface flaws. Examples of incoherent internal flaws are macropores, Type B porosity (see Test Method B276), and inclusions of foreign particles. Such flaws are randomly distributed spatially and in size within the sintered material. This imparts a statistical nature to any transverse rupture strength measurement.
3.1.2 The stress distribution in a beam in three-point loading is non-uniform. It increases linearly along the span to a maximum at the center, and varies linearly through any section from compression on the top to tension on the bottom. The maximum tensile stress therefore occurs at center span in the bottom most fibers of the sample, and is defined as the transverse rupture strength at failure. Failure is initiated at a random flaw site, which is most probably not coincident with the maximum stress. This imparts an additional statistical nature to transverse rupture strength measurements.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method2 covers the determination of the transverse rupture strength of cemented carbides.
1.2 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as the standard. The SI values in parentheses are provided for information only.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
General Information
Relations
Standards Content (Sample)
This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
Designation: B406 − 96 (Reapproved 2021)
Standard Test Method for
Transverse Rupture Strength of Cemented Carbides
This standard is issued under the fixed designation B406; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the U.S. Department of Defense.
1. Scope specified shape, dimensions, and surface finish; test specimens
2 maybepreparedfromfinishedpartsifsizepermits.Thereisno
1.1 This test method covers the determination of the
known standard material for this test method. The transverse
transverse rupture strength of cemented carbides.
rupture strength of cemented carbides is not a design value.
1.2 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded
3.1.1 Most commercial cemented carbides have mechanical
as the standard. The SI values in parentheses are provided for
behavior that is best classified as brittle (negligible ductility).
information only.
Fracture strengths are dependent on internal or surface flaws.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the
Examples of incoherent internal flaws are macropores, Type B
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
porosity (see Test Method B276), and inclusions of foreign
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
particles. Such flaws are randomly distributed spatially and in
priate safety, health, and environmental practices and deter-
size within the sintered material. This imparts a statistical
mine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
nature to any transverse rupture strength measurement.
1.4 This international standard was developed in accor-
3.1.2 Thestressdistributioninabeaminthree-pointloading
dance with internationally recognized principles on standard-
is non-uniform. It increases linearly along the span to a
ization established in the Decision on Principles for the
maximum at the center, and varies linearly through any section
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recom-
from compression on the top to tension on the bottom. The
mendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical
maximum tensile stress therefore occurs at center span in the
Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
bottom most fibers of the sample, and is defined as the
transverse rupture strength at failure. Failure is initiated at a
2. Referenced Documents
random flaw site, which is most probably not coincident with
2.1 ASTM Standards:
the maximum stress. This imparts an additional statistical
B276 Test Method for Apparent Porosity in Cemented Car-
nature to transverse rupture strength measurements.
bides
2.2 ISO Standard:
4. Apparatus
ISO-3327 Hardmetals—Determination of Transverse Rup-
4.1 Either a specially adapted machine for applying the load
ture Strength
or a special fixture suitable for use with a conventional
load-applying machine may be used. In either case, the
3. Significance and Use
apparatus shall have the following parts:
3.1 This test method is used as a means of determining the
4.1.1 Two ground-cemented-carbide cylinders 0.250 6
quality of cemented carbide grade powders by measuring their
0.001 in. (6.35 6 0.02 mm) in diameter, at least 0.500 in. (13
sintered strength. It is performed on test specimens prepared to
mm) in length with the long axes parallel, and center to center
spacing of 0.563 6 0.005 in. (14.3 6 0.1 mm).
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee B09 on Metal
4.1.2 Amovablemember(freetomovesubstantiallyonlyin
Powders and Metal Powder Products and is the direct responsibility of Subcom-
a line perpendicular to the plane established by the axes of the
mittee B09.06 on Cemented Carbides.
Current edition approved April 1, 2021. Published May 2021. Originally
two cylinders) containing a 0.4 6 0.05-in. (10 6 1.3-mm)
approvedin1963.Lastpreviouseditionapprovedin2015asB406 – 96(2015).DOI:
cemented-tungsten-carbide ball or a ground-cemented-carbide
10.1520/B0406-96R21.
cylinder of the same dimensions as, and with axis parallel to,
This test method is comparable to ISO-3327.
those of the two previously mentioned cylinders (see 4.1.1).
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
This ball or cylinder shall be so positioned that movements of
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
the member will cause the ball or cylinder to contact a
the ASTM website.
specimen placed on the two lower cylinders at the midpoint of
Available from American National Standards Institute (ANSI), 25 W. 43rd St.,
4th Floor, New York, NY 10036. the span between them.
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B406 − 96 (2021)
4.1.3 The apparatus shall be so constructed that the appli- the middle one third of the span between the supporting
cation of a sufficient load to the movable member to effect cylinders on the tension side of the specimen. Record the
breaking of a specimen will not cause appreciable deflection of number of pounds required to cause fracture.
the line of movement of the movable member and the plane
7.3 Perform all tests at room temperature but not lower than
established by the two fixed cylinders. The apparatus shall be
65 °F (18 °C).
capable of applying sufficie
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