ASTM D5146-10(2019)

Standard Guide to Testing Solvent-Borne Architectural Coatings

ABSTRACT
This guide covers the selection and use of procedures for testing solvent-borne architectural coatings to be used on exterior, interior, or both types of surfaces. The properties that can be examined by the test methods listed herein are as follows: liquid paint properties (skinning, condition in container, coarse particles and foreign matter, density or weight per gallon, fineness of dispersion, flash point, odor, absorption, colorant acceptance, dilution stability, package stability, heat stability, and settling); coating application and film formation characteristics (brush application properties, brush drag, roller application properties, roller spatter, spray application properties, touch-up uniformity, consistency (low-shear viscosity), rheological properties of non-Newtonian liquids, sag resistance, levelling properties, and drying properties); appearance of dry film (color appearance, color differences by visual comparison, color differences using instrumental measurements, directional reflectance, gloss, sheen, hiding power, and yellowness index); properties of dry film (abrasion resistance, adhesion, flexibility, resistance to household chemicals, color change of white enamels, washability and cleansability, blister resistance, exposure resistance, chalking, checking, cracking, erosion, flaking, mildew resistance, and fume resistance); and Coating Analysis (chemical analysis, volatile content, nonvolatile volume content, water content, pigment content, pigment analysis, nonvolatile vehicle content, vehicle separation, and nonvolatile vehicle identification).
SCOPE
1.1 This guide covers the selection and use of procedures for testing solvent-borne coatings to be used on exterior, interior or both types of surfaces (see Note 1). The properties that can be examined or, in some cases, the relevant test procedures are listed in Table 1 and Table 2.  
Note 1: The term “architectural coating” as used here combines the definition in Terminology D16 with that in the FSCT Paint/Coatings Dictionary, as follows: “Organic coatings intended for on-site application to interior or exterior surfaces of residential, commercial, institutional, or industrial buildings, in contrast to industrial coatings. They are protective and decorative finishes applied at ambient temperatures. Often called Trade Sales Coatings.”
Note 2: Architectural coatings that are designed to give better performance than most conventional coatings because they are tougher and more stain- and abrasion-resistant are covered by Guide D3730.  
1.2 The types of organic coatings covered by this guide are as follows:
(1) Type 1 Interior Low-Gloss Wall Finish,
(2) Type 2 Interior Gloss and Semigloss Wall and Trim Enamels,
(3) Type 3 Exterior House and Trim Coatings, and
(4) Type 4 Floor Enamel, Exterior and/or Interior.  
1.2.1 Each is intended for application by brushing, rolling, spraying, or other means to the materials appropriate for its type, which may include wood, plaster, wallboard, masonry, steel, previously painted surfaces, and other architectural substrates.  
1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only.  
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

General Information

• Status: Published
• Publication Date: 31-Dec-2018
• ICS: 87.040 - Paints and varnishes
• Technical Committee: D01 - Paint and Related Coatings, Materials, and Applications
• Drafting Committee: D01.42 - Architectural Coatings

Relations

• Replaces: ASTM D5146-10 - Standard Guide to Testing Solvent-Borne Architectural Coatings
• Effective Date: 01-Jan-2019
• Refers: ASTM D2369-24 - Standard Test Method for Volatile Content of Coatings
• Effective Date: 01-Feb-2024
• Refers: ASTM D4958-24 - Standard Test Method for Comparison of the Brush Drag of Latex Paints
• Effective Date: 01-Feb-2024
• Refers: ASTM D4213-24 - Standard Test Method for Scrub Resistance of Paints by Abrasion Weight Loss
• Effective Date: 01-Feb-2024
• Refers: ASTM D16-24 - Standard Terminology for Paint, Related Coatings, Materials, and Applications
• Effective Date: 01-Jan-2024
• Refers: ASTM D4287-00(2023) - Standard Test Method for High-Shear Viscosity Using a Cone/Plate Viscometer
• Effective Date: 01-Oct-2023
• Refers: ASTM D4214-23 - Standard Test Methods for Evaluating the Degree of Chalking of Exterior Paint Films
• Effective Date: 01-Oct-2023
• Refers: ASTM D93-20 - Standard Test Methods for Flash Point by Pensky-Martens Closed Cup Tester
• Effective Date: 01-Aug-2020
• Refers: ASTM D5895-20 - Standard Test Methods for Evaluating Drying or Curing During Film Formation of Organic Coatings Using Mechanical Recorders
• Effective Date: 01-Jun-2020
• Refers: ASTM E1347-06(2020) - Standard Test Method for Color and Color-Difference Measurement by Tristimulus Colorimetry
• Effective Date: 01-May-2020
• Refers: ASTM D2371-19 - Standard Test Method for Pigment Content of Solvent-Reducible Paints
• Effective Date: 15-Dec-2019
• Refers: ASTM D662-93(2019) - Standard Test Method for Evaluating Degree of Erosion of Exterior Paints
• Effective Date: 01-Oct-2019
• Refers: ASTM D5068-04(2019) - Standard Practice for Preparation of Paint Brushes for Evaluation
• Effective Date: 01-Oct-2019
• Refers: ASTM D661-93(2019) - Standard Test Method for Evaluating Degree of Cracking of Exterior Paints
• Effective Date: 01-Oct-2019
• Refers: ASTM D660-93(2019) - Standard Test Method for Evaluating Degree of Checking of Exterior Paints
• Effective Date: 01-Oct-2019

Standards Content (Sample)

This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
Designation: D5146 − 10 (Reapproved 2019)
Standard Guide to
Testing Solvent-Borne Architectural Coatings
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D5146; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope ization established in the Decision on Principles for the
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recom-
1.1 This guide covers the selection and use of procedures
mendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical
for testing solvent-borne coatings to be used on exterior,
Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
interior or both types of surfaces (see Note 1). The properties
that can be examined or, in some cases, the relevant test
2. Referenced Documents
procedures are listed in Table 1 and Table 2.
2.1 ASTM Standards:
NOTE 1—The term “architectural coating” as used here combines the
D16 TerminologyforPaint,RelatedCoatings,Materials,and
definition in Terminology D16 with that in the FSCT Paint/Coatings
Applications
Dictionary, as follows: “Organic coatings intended for on-site application
to interior or exterior surfaces of residential, commercial, institutional, or
D56 Test Method for Flash Point by Tag Closed Cup Tester
industrial buildings, in contrast to industrial coatings. They are protective
D93 Test Methods for Flash Point by Pensky-Martens
and decorative finishes applied at ambient temperatures. Often called
Closed Cup Tester
Trade Sales Coatings.”
D154 Guide for Testing of Varnishes (Withdrawn 2018)
NOTE 2—Architectural coatings that are designed to give better perfor-
D185 Test Methods for Coarse Particles in Pigments
mancethanmostconventionalcoatingsbecausetheyaretougherandmore
stain- and abrasion-resistant are covered by Guide D3730.
D215 Practice for the Chemical Analysis of White Linseed
Oil Paints (Withdrawn 2005)
1.2 The types of organic coatings covered by this guide are
D344 Test Method for Relative Hiding Power of Paints by
as follows:
the Visual Evaluation of Brushouts (Withdrawn 2018)
(1) Type 1 Interior Low-Gloss Wall Finish,
D358 Specification for Wood to Be Used as Panels in
(2) Type 2 Interior Gloss and Semigloss Wall and Trim
Weathering Tests of Coatings (Withdrawn 2014)
Enamels,
D522 Test Methods for Mandrel Bend Test of Attached
(3) Type 3 Exterior House and Trim Coatings, and
Organic Coatings
(4) Type 4 Floor Enamel, Exterior and/or Interior.
D523 Test Method for Specular Gloss
1.2.1 Each is intended for application by brushing, rolling,
D562 Test Method for Consistency of Paints Measuring
spraying, or other means to the materials appropriate for its
KrebsUnit(KU)ViscosityUsingaStormer-TypeViscom-
type, which may include wood, plaster, wallboard, masonry,
eter
steel, previously painted surfaces, and other architectural
D660 Test Method for Evaluating Degree of Checking of
substrates.
Exterior Paints
1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the
D661 Test Method for Evaluating Degree of Cracking of
standard. The values given in parentheses are for information
Exterior Paints
only.
D662 Test Method for Evaluating Degree of Erosion of
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the
Exterior Paints
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
D772 Test Method for Evaluating Degree of Flaking (Scal-
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
ing) of Exterior Paints
priate safety, health, and environmental practices and deter-
D869 TestMethodforEvaluatingDegreeofSettlingofPaint
mine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
D968 Test Methods for Abrasion Resistance of Organic
1.5 This international standard was developed in accor-
Coatings by Falling Abrasive
dance with internationally recognized principles on standard-
1 2
This guide is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D01 on Paint and For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
Related Coatings, Materials, and Applications and is the direct responsibility of contact ASTM Customer Service at [e-mail]. For Annual Book of ASTM
Subcommittee D01.42 on Architectural Coatings. Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
Current edition approved Jan. 1, 2019. Published January 2019. Originally the ASTM website.
approved in 1990. Last previous edition approved in 2010 as D5146 – 10. DOI: The last approved version of this historical standard is referenced on
10.1520/D5146-10R19. www.astm.org.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
D5146 − 10 (2019)
TABLE 1 List of Standards in Sectional Order
Property Federal Test Method
Section ASTM Standard
(or related test) Standard 141D
Sampling 6.2 D3925
Liquid Paint Properties
Skinning 7.1 D154 3021
Condition in container 7.2 3011
Coarse particles and foreign matter 7.3 D185
Density or Weight per gallon 7.4 D1475
Fineness of dispersion 7.5 D1210
Flash point 7.6 D56, D93, D3278
Odor 7.7 D1296
Absorption 7.8 4421
Colorant acceptance 7.9
Dilution stability 7.10 4203
Package stability 7.11
Heat stability 7.11.1 D1849
Settling 7.11.2 D869
Coating Application and Film Formation
Application properties 8.1 4541
Brush application 8.1.1 D5068
Brush drag 8.1.1.1 D4958
Roller application 8.1.2 D5069
Roller spatter 8.1.2.1 D4707
Spray application 8.1.3 2131
Touch-up uniformity 8.2 D3928, D7489
Rhelological properties 8.3
Consistency (Low-shear viscosity) 8.3.1 D562
Rheological properties of non-Newtonian liquids 8.3.2 D2196, D4287
Sag resistance 8.3.3 D4400 4494
Levelling properties 8.3.4 D4062
Drying properties 8.4 D1640 4061
Appearance of Dry Film
Color difference 9.1
Color appearance 9.1.1
Color differences by visual comparison 9.1.2 D1729
Color differences using instrumental measurements 9.1.3 D2244
Directional reflectance 9.2 E1347
Gloss 9.3
Gloss, 60° 9.3.1 D523
Sheen (85° gloss) 9.3.2 D523
Hiding power 9.4 D344, D2805
Yellowness index 9.5 E313 6131
Properties of Dry Film
Interior and Exterior Coatings 10.1
Abrasion resistance 10.1.1 D968, D4060 6192
Adhesion 10.1.2 D2197, D3359, D5179
A
Flexibility 10.1.4 D522, D2370 6221
Resistance to household chemicals 10.1.5 D1308
Interior Coatings 10.2
Color change of white enamels 10.2.1 6132
Ink Stainblocking 10.2.5 D7514
Washability and cleansability 10.2.2
Washability 10.2.2.1 D2486, D4213
B
Cleansability 10.2.2.2 D3450, D4828 6141
Exterior Coatings 10.3
Blister resistance 10.3.1 D4585
Exposure resistance 10.3.2 D1006, D1014
Chalking 10.3.2.2 D4214
Checking 10.3.2.3 D660
Cracking 10.3.2.4 D661
Erosion 10.3.2.5 D662
Flaking 10.3.2.6 D772
C
Mildew resistance 10.3.3 D3456
Fume resistance 10.3.4
Tannin Stain Resistance 10.3.6 D6686
Coating Analysis
Chemical analysis 11.1 D215
Volatile content 11.2 D2369
Nonvolatile volume content 11.3 D2697, D6093
Water content 11.4 D3792, D4017
Pigment content 11.5 D2371 4021
Pigment analysis 11.6 D215 7261
Nonvolatile vehicle content 11.7 D215
Vehicle separation 11.8 D2372
Nonvolatile vehicle identification 11.9 D2621, D2245
A
Equivalent only to Method B of Test Methods D522.
B
Except for scrub medium.
C
6271 is not equivalent.
D5146 − 10 (2019)
TABLE 2 Alphabetical List of Properties
Property Federal Test Method
Section ASTM Standard
(or related test) Standard 141D
Abrasion Resistance 10.1.1 D968, D4060, D6037 6192
Absorption 7.8 4421
Adhesion 10.1.2 D2197, D3359
Analysis, chemical 11.1 D215
Application properties 8.1 4541
Blister resistance 10.3.1 D4585
Brush application 8.1.1 D5068
Brush drag 8.1.1.1 D4958
Chalking 10.3.2.2 D4214
Checking 10.3.2.3 D660
A
Cleansability 10.2.2.2 D3450, D4828 6141
Coarse particles and foreign matter 7.3 D185
Colorant acceptance 7.9
Color appearance 9.1.1 .
Color change 10.2.1 . 6132
Color differences by visual comparison 9.1.2 D1729
Color differences using instrumental measurements 9.1.3 D2244
Condition in container 7.2 3021
Consistency 8.3.1 D562
Cracking 10.3.2.4 D661
Density or weight per gal 7.4 D1475
Dilution stability 7.10 4203
Drying properties 8.4 D1640, D5895
Erosion 10.3.2.5 D662
Exposure resistance 10.3.2 D1006, D1014
Fineness of Dispersion 7.5 D1210
Flaking 10.3.2.6 D772
Flash point 7.6 D56, D93, D3278
B
Flexibility 10.1.4 D522, D2370 6221
Fume resistance 10.3.4
Gloss 9.3
Gloss, 60° 9.3.1 D523
Heat stability 7.11.1 D1849
Hiding power 9.4 D344, D2805
Ink Stainblocking 10.2.5 D7514
Levelling properties 8.3.4 D4062
C
Mildew resistance 10.3.3 D3456
Nonvolatile vehicle content 11.7 D215 4053
Nonvolatile vehicle identification 11.9 D2621, D2245
Nonvolatile volume content 11.3 D2697, D6093
Odor 7.7 D1296
Package stability 7.11 D1849
Pigment analysis 11.6 D215 7261
Pigment content 11.5 D2371 4021
Reflectance, directional 9.2 E1347
Resistance to household chemicals 10.1.5 D1308
Rheological properties of non-Newtonian liquids 8.3.2 D2196, D4287
Roller application 8.1.2 2112
Roller spatter 8.1.2.1 D4707
Sag resistance 8.3.3 D4400 4494
Sampling 6.2 D3925
Settling 7.11.2 D869
Sheen (85° gloss) 9.3.2 D523
Skinning 7.1 D154 3021
Spray application 8.1.3 2131
Tannin Stain Resistance 10.3.6 D6686
Touch-up uniformity 8.2 D3928, D7489
Vehicle separation 11.8 D2372
Volatile content 11.2 D2369
Washability 10.2.2.1 D2486, D4213
Water content 11.4 D1208, D3792, D4017 4081
Yellowness index 9.5 E313 6131
A
Except for scrub medium.
B
Equivalent only to Method B of D522.
C
6271 is not equivalent.
D1006 Practice for Conducting Exterior Exposure Tests of D1038 Terminology Relating to Veneer and Plywood
Paints on Wood
D1208 Test Methods for Common Properties of Certain
D1014 Practice for Conducting Exterior Exposure Tests of
Pigments
Paints and Coatings on Metal Substrates
D5146 − 10 (2019)
D1210 Test Method for Fineness of Dispersion of Pigment- D4017 Test Method for Water in Paints and Paint Materials
Vehicle Systems by Hegman-Type Gage by Karl Fischer Method
D4060 Test Method for Abrasion Resistance of Organic
D1296 Test Method for Odor of Volatile Solvents and
Diluents Coatings by the Taber Abraser
D4062 Test Method for Leveling of Paints by Draw-Down
D1308 Test Method for Effect of Household Chemicals on
Method
Clear and Pigmented Organic Finishes
D4213 Test Method for Scrub Resistance of Paints by
D1475 Test Method for Density of Liquid Coatings, Inks,
Abrasion Weight Loss
and Related Products
D4214 Test Methods for Evaluating the Degree of Chalking
D1554 Terminology Relating to Wood-Base Fiber and Par-
of Exterior Paint Films
ticle Panel Materials
D4287 Test Method for High-Shear Viscosity Using a Cone/
D1640 Test Methods for Drying, Curing, or Film Formation
Plate Viscometer
of Organic Coatings
D4400 Test Method for Sag Resistance of Paints Using a
D1729 Practice for Visual Appraisal of Colors and Color
Multinotch Applicator
Differences of Diffusely-Illuminated Opaque Materials
D4585 Practice for Testing Water Resistance of Coatings
D1849 Test Method for Package Stability of Paint
Using Controlled Condensation
D2196 Test Methods for Rheological Properties of Non-
D4707 Test Method for Measuring Paint Spatter Resistance
Newtonian Materials by Rotational Viscometer
During Roller Application
D2197 Test Method for Adhesion of Organic Coatings by
D4828 Test Methods for Practical Washability of Organic
Scrape Adhesion
Coatings
D2244 Practice for Calculation of Color Tolerances and
D4946 TestMethodforBlockingResistanceofArchitectural
Color Differences from Instrumentally Measured Color
Paints
Coordinates
D4958 Test Method for Comparison of the Brush Drag of
D2245 Test Method for Identification of Oils and Oil Acids
Latex Paints
in Solvent-Reducible Paints (Withdrawn 2016)
D5068 Practice for Preparation of Paint Brushes for Evalu-
D2369 Test Method for Volatile Content of Coatings
ation
D2370 Test Method for Tensile Properties of Organic Coat-
D5069 Practice for Preparation of Paint-Roller Covers for
ings
Evaluation of Architectural Coatings
D2371 Test Method for Pigment Content of Solvent-
D5179 Test Method for Measuring Adhesion of Organic
Reducible Paints
Coatings in the Laboratory by Direct Tensile Method
D2372 Practice for Separation of Vehicle From Solvent-
D5895 Test Methods for Evaluating Drying or Curing Dur-
Reducible Paints
ing Film Formation of Organic Coatings Using Mechani-
D2486 Test Methods for Scrub Resistance of Wall Paints
cal Recorders
D2621 Test Method for Infrared Identification of Vehicle
D6037 Test Methods for Dry Abrasion Mar Resistance of
Solids From Solvent-Reducible Paints
High Gloss Coatings
D2697 Test Method for Volume Nonvolatile Matter in Clear
D6093 Test Method for Percent Volume Nonvolatile Matter
or Pigmented Coatings
in Clear or Pigmented Coatings Using a Helium Gas
D2805 Test Method for Hiding Power of Paints by Reflec-
Pycnometer
tometry
D6686 Test Method for Evaluation of Tannin Stain Resis-
D3273 TestMethodforResistancetoGrowthofMoldonthe
tance of Coatings
Surface of Interior Coatings in an Environmental Cham-
D7489 Practice for Evaluating Touch-Up Properties of Ar-
ber
chitectural Coatings under Various Environmental Condi-
D3278 Test Methods for Flash Point of Liquids by Small
tions
Scale Closed-Cup Apparatus
D7514 Test Method for Evaluating Ink Stainblocking of
D3359 Test Methods for Rating Adhesion by Tape Test
Architectural Paint Systems by Visual Assessment
D3450 Test Method for Washability Properties of Interior
E105 Practice for Probability Sampling of Materials
Architectural Coatings
E313 Practice for Calculating Yellowness and Whiteness
D3456 Practice for Determining by Exterior Exposure Tests
Indices from Instrumentally Measured Color Coordinates
theSusceptibilityofPaintFilmstoMicrobiologicalAttack
E1347 Test Method for Color and Color-Difference Mea-
D3730 Guide for Testing High-Performance Interior Archi-
surement by Tristimulus Colorimetry
tectural Wall Coatings
2.2 U.S. Federal Standard:
D3792 Test Method forWater Content of Coatings by Direct 4
Federal Test Method Standard No. 141D
Injection Into a Gas Chromatograph
2131 Application of Sprayed Films
D3925 Practice for Sampling Liquid Paints and Related
3011 Condition in Container
Pigmented Coatings
4203 Reducibility and Dilution Stability
D3928 Test Method for Evaluation of Gloss or Sheen
Uniformity
D3960 PracticeforDeterminingVolatileOrganicCompound
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