ASTM E864-98
(Practice)Standard Practice for Surface Preparation of Aluminum Alloys to be Adhesively Bonded in Honeycomb Shelter Panels
Standard Practice for Surface Preparation of Aluminum Alloys to be Adhesively Bonded in Honeycomb Shelter Panels
SCOPE
1.1 This practice covers the preparation of clean uniform surfaces of aluminum alloys suitable for formation of durable adhesive bonds to nonmetallic honeycomb materials in the manufacture of sandwich panels for tactical shelters.
1.2 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. For specific precautionary statements, see Note 1 of 5.2.
General Information
Relations
Standards Content (Sample)
NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or discontinued.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information.
Designation: E 864 – 98 An American National Standard
Standard Practice for
Surface Preparation of Aluminum Alloys to Be Adhesively
Bonded in Honeycomb Shelter Panels
This standard is issued under the fixed designation E 864; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the Department of Defense.
1. Scope clean, uniform surfaces with appropriate characteristics is a
critical step. This practice describes how such surfaces can be
1.1 This practice covers the preparation of clean uniform
obtained.
surfaces of aluminum alloys suitable for formation of durable
adhesive bonds to nonmetallic honeycomb materials in the
4. Apparatus
manufacture of sandwich panels for tactical shelters.
4.1 General Processing:
1.2 This standard does not purport to address all of the
4.1.1 All heated tanks shall be equipped with automatic
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
temperature controls and shall have means for agitation to
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
prevent local overheating of the solution. Solutions may be
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
heated by any internal or external means that do not change
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use. For specific
their compositions. Steam shall not be introduced into any
precautionary statements, see Note 1 of 5.2.
solution. Compressed air introduced into any solution or
2. Referenced Documents equipment shall have been filtered to remove oil and moisture.
4.1.2 Tanks shall be made from, or lined with, materials that
2.1 ASTM Standards:
have no adverse effects on the solutions used or the parts being
D 2674 Test Method for Analysis of Sulfochromate Etch
treated. All tanks shall be of sufficient size to allow complete
Solution Used in Surface Preparation of Aluminum
immersion of the largest part or assembly to be treated.
D 3167 Test Method for Floating Roller Peel Resistance of
4.2 Rinse Tanks—Immersion rinse tanks shall be equipped
Adhesives
with a means for skimming or overflowing or both to remove
E 865 Specification for Structural Film Adhesives for Hon-
surface contamination. The tanks shall be equipped with a
eycomb Sandwich Panels
means for flushing hollow sections.
E 866 Specification for Corrosion-Inhibiting Adhesive
4.3 Rinses—Rinses, other than final rinses, shall be main-
Primer for Aluminum Alloys to Be Adhesively Bonded in
tained in such a manner to prevent carryover of materials that
Honeycomb Shelter Panels
would adversely affect the next solution.
2.2 APHA Standard:
Sections 402, 403, and 408 of Standard Methods for the
5. Materials
Examination of Water and Waste Water (15th Edition,
4 5.1 Water—Water used for makeup of processing solutions
1980)
and final rinsing shall be deionized water or shall meet the
3. Significance and Use requirement of Table 1. Analyses shall be performed as often as
necessary to assure that the water meets the requirements.
3.1 Durable adhesive bonds to aluminum alloys can be
Samples for analysis shall be collected at the processing tanks.
obtained reliably only through proper selection and careful
5.2 Etch Solution:
control of the materials used and the steps in the bonding
5.2.1 Method I, Sulfo-Chromate Etch (FPL)—The chemical
process. The preparation of the aluminum alloys to obtain
analysis of the etch solution shall be maintained at approxi-
mately 30 parts by mass of water, ten parts by mass of sulfuric
This practice is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee E-6 on Performance acid (sp gr 1.84), and one to four parts by mass of sodium
of Buildings and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee E06.53 on Materials
dichromate. Prior to use, a minimum of 0.06 part by mass of
and Processes for Durable Rigidwall Relocatable Structures.
dissolved 2024 aluminum shall be added.
Current edition approved April 10, 1998. Published June 1998. Originally
published as E 864 – 82. Last previous edition E 864 – 96.
NOTE 1—It is recognized that chromates present a hazard to health. Use
Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 15.06.
and disposal procedures are governed by Federal and Local EPA and DER
Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 04.11.
limitations.
Available from the American Public Health Assn., 1015 15th St. N.W.,
Washington, DC 20005.
Copyright © ASTM, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.
E 864
TABLE 1 Requirements for Water to Be Used in Solutions and TABLE 2 Calculation of Normality of Sulfuric Acid to Percent by
Rinses Weight (1 g/100 g)
Requirements
NOTE 1—N sulfuric acid 5 mL 0.4 N NaOH 3 0.4
Min Max
N %
pH 6.0 8.0
4.65 5 20
Total solids, ppm . 200
4.91 5 21
Total alkalinity as CaCO , ppm . 125
5.18 5 22
Chloride content, ppm . 15
5.45 5 23
5.73 5 24
6.01 5 25
6.29 5 26
6.58 5 27
5.2.2 Method II, Sulfo-Ferric Etch (P )—The chemical
6.86 5 28
analysis of the etch solution shall be maintained at approxi-
7.16 5 29
mately 27 to 36 % by weight of sulfuric acid (sp gr 1.84) and
7.46 5 30
7.76 5 31
2.9 to 4.7 oz/gal of ferric iron or 18 to 22 oz/gal of ferric
8.06 5 32
sulfate. This is the equivalent of 2 gal of concentrated sulfuric
8.37 5 33
acid and 12.5 lb of ferric sulfate in every 10 gal of solution.
8.68 5 34
8.99 5 35
Two gallons of a 50 % ferric sulfate solution may be used in
9.31 5 36
place of the 12.5 lb of the powdered ferric sulfate.
9.64 5 37
5.3 Alkaline Cleaning Solution—Nonetch, alkaline cleaning
9.96 5 38
10.3 5 39
solution shall be prepared in accordance with the manufactur-
10.6 5 40
er’s recommendations, or as indicated in 7.1.2. When the
aluminum being cleaned is immersed in the alkaline cleaner for
the time and at the temperature used for processing, there shall
hydrochloric acid. Add 1 to 2 mL (0.03 to 0.06 oz) of
be no evidence of gas evolution, etching, or metal removal. The
potassium iodide titrate with 0.10 N sodium thiosulfate to a
alkaline solution shall not contain silicates.
greenish color. Add about 2 mL of starch solution. Continue
5.4 Quality Assurance Adhesive—The adhesive system used
titration to a clear green end point. Calculate ferric sulfate as
for the quality assurance tests of 8.6 shall meet Specification
follows:
E 865. The adhesive shall be changed only when a batch is
mL sodium thiosulfate used 3 2.79 5 g/L ferric ion (1)
almost exhausted so the results of any particular day’s testing
can be directly compared to the results of previous tests. When
6.4 Visual Inspection—Inspect parts visually for stains and
a change is made in the batch or lot of adhesive used, an
water break.
additional set of tests shall be made to compare the old batch
6.5 Floating Roller Peel Test—Test in accordance with Test
or lot with the new one to establish a basis for comparison
Method D 3167.
between the results obtained with each.
7. Procedure
6. Test Methods
7.1 Surface Preparation—Perform the steps of the proce-
6.1 Chemical Analyses—Perform chemical analyses of the dure in accordance with 7.1.1-7.1.5 and Table 3 or Table 4 as
water and solutions as indicated in 6.2 and 6.3. Analyze as
often as necessary to maintain the required concentrations at a
TABLE 3 Procedure for Surface Preparation of Aluminum Alloys
minimum of every day of operation. If a process is not in use Using the Sulfuric Acid-Sodium Dichromate Etch
during the normal analysis period, note this on the analysis
STEP 1—PRECLEAN (see 7.1.1)
Vapor degrease or clean with safety solvent. Flush all hollow sections.
record and analyze the solution prior to further use.
Repeat as necessary.
6.2 Water Analyses—Analyze as described in APHA Stan-
dard Methods for the Examination of Water and Waste Water.
STEP 2—ALKALINE CLEAN (see 7.1.2)
Immerse in aluminum cleaner from 50 to 80°C (122 to 176°F) for 5 to 10 min.
6.3 Etch Solution Analysis:
Repeat as necessary.
6.3.1 Sulfo-Chromate Etch—Perform the analyses in accor-
dance with Test Method D 2674.
STEP 3—RINSE (see 7.1.2)
Use water from room temperature to 70°C (158°F).
6.3.2 Sulfo-Ferric Etch—Perform the analyses in accor-
dance with 6.3.2.1 and 6.3.2.2.
STEP 4—ETCH (see 7.1.3.1)
6.3.2.1 Sulfuric Acid—Pipet a 1-mL (0.03-oz) sample into a
Immerse in sulf
...
Questions, Comments and Discussion
Ask us and Technical Secretary will try to provide an answer. You can facilitate discussion about the standard in here.