ASTM B438-13
(Specification)Standard Specification for Bronze-Base Powder Metallurgy (PM) Bearings (Oil-Impregnated)
Standard Specification for Bronze-Base Powder Metallurgy (PM) Bearings (Oil-Impregnated)
ABSTRACT
This specification covers sintered bronze, oil-impregnated bearings made primarily from elemental copper, tin, lead, and graphite powders. This specification covers the following variables: Grades (available in three bronze base compositions identifiable by different graphite contents and one leaded bronze grade) and Type (Grades 1 and 2 are available in four types described by specific density ranges. Grade 3 is available in two types and Grade 4 is available in one type). Sintered bronze bearings shall be made by molding or briquetting metal powder mixtures to the proper density. The material shall conform to the required chemical composition for copper, tin, graphite, iron, lead, zinc, nickel, and antimony. The density of bearings supplied impregnated with lubricant shall be within the prescribed limits. Oil content of bearings shall not be less than the prescribed value for each grade and type of material. The material of different grades and types shall conform to the prescribed radial crushing strength requirements. An acceptance specification for the minimum bearing breaking load may be established for any specific standard oil-impregnated bearing. Chemical analysis shall be made for each representative sample of chips, which may be obtained by milling, drilling, filing, or crushing a bearing with clean dry tools without lubrication.
SCOPE
1.1 This specification covers porous metallic sleeve, flange, thrust and spherical bronze-base bearings that are produced from mixed metal powders utilizing powder metallurgy (PM) technology and then impregnated with oil to supply operating lubrication.
1.2 Included are the specifications for the chemical, physical and mechanical requirements of those bronze-base PM materials that have been developed and standardized specifically for use in the manufacture of these self-lubricating bearings.
1.3 This specification is applicable to the purchase of bronze-base bearings (oil-impregnated) that were formerly covered by military specifications and are intended for government or military applications. Those additional government requirements that only apply to military bearings are listed in the Supplementary Requirements section of this specification.
1.4 This specification accompanies Specification B439 that covers the requirements for Iron-Base Powder Metallurgy (PM) Bearings, (Oil-Impregnated).
1.5 Typical applications for bronze-base bearings are listed in Appendix X1.
1.6 Bearing dimensional tolerance data are shown in Appendix X2, while engineering information regarding installation and operating parameters of PM bearings is included in Appendix X3. Additional useful information on self-lubricating bearings can be found in MPIF Standard 35, ISO 5755 and the technical literature.2
1.7 With the exception of density values for which the g/cm3 unit is the industry standard, the values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.
1.8 The following safety hazards caveat pertains only to the test methods described in this specification. This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
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Designation:B438 −13
Standard Specification for
Bronze-Base Powder Metallurgy (PM) Bearings (Oil-
1
Impregnated)
This standard is issued under the fixed designation B438; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision.Anumber in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the U.S. Department of Defense.
1. Scope* given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units
that are provided for information only and are not considered
1.1 This specification covers porous metallic sleeve, flange,
standard.
thrust and spherical bronze-base bearings that are produced
1.8 The following safety hazards caveat pertains only to the
from mixed metal powders utilizing powder metallurgy (PM)
test methods described in this specification. This standard does
technology and then impregnated with oil to supply operating
not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any,
lubrication.
associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this
1.2 Included are the specifications for the chemical, physi-
standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices
cal and mechanical requirements of those bronze-base PM
and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior
materials that have been developed and standardized specifi-
to use.
cally for use in the manufacture of these self-lubricating
bearings.
2. Referenced Documents
1.3 This specification is applicable to the purchase of 3
2.1 ASTM Standards:
bronze-base bearings (oil-impregnated) that were formerly
B243Terminology of Powder Metallurgy
coveredbymilitaryspecificationsandareintendedforgovern-
B439Specification for Iron-Base Powder Metallurgy (PM)
ment or military applications. Those additional government
Bearings (Oil-Impregnated)
requirements that only apply to military bearings are listed in
B939Test Method for Radial Crushing Strength, K,of
the Supplementary Requirements section of this specification.
Powder Metallurgy (PM) Bearings and Structural Materi-
1.4 This specification accompanies Specification B439 that als
covers the requirements for Iron-Base Powder Metallurgy B946Test Method for Surface Finish of Powder Metallurgy
(PM) Bearings, (Oil-Impregnated). (PM) Products
B962Test Methods for Density of Compacted or Sintered
1.5 Typical applications for bronze-base bearings are listed
Powder Metallurgy (PM) Products Using Archimedes’
in Appendix X1.
Principle
1.6 Bearing dimensional tolerance data are shown in Ap-
B963 Test Methods for Oil Content, Oil-Impregnation
pendix X2, while engineering information regarding installa-
Efficiency, and Interconnected Porosity of Sintered Pow-
tion and operating parameters of PM bearings is included in
der Metallurgy (PM) Products Using Archimedes’ Prin-
Appendix X3. Additional useful information on self-
ciple
lubricating bearings can be found in MPIF Standard 35, ISO
B966Test Method for Permeability of Powder Metallurgy
2
5755 and the technical literature.
(PM) Bearings Using Nitrogen Gas
1.7 With the exception of density values for which the B970Test Method for Cleanliness of Powder Metallurgy
3
(PM) Bearings and Structural Parts
g/cm unit is the industry standard, the values stated in
E9Test Methods of Compression Testing of Metallic Mate-
inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values
rials at Room Temperature
E29Practice for Using Significant Digits in Test Data to
Determine Conformance with Specifications
1
This specification is under the jurisdiction ofASTM Committee B09 on Metal
Powders and Metal Powder Products and is the direct responsibility of Subcom-
mittee B09.04 on Bearings.
3
Current edition approved April 1, 2013. Published May 2013. Originally For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
approved in 1966. Last previous edition approved in 2008 as B438–08. DOI: contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
10.1520/B0438-13. Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
2
Machine Design Magazine, Vol 54, #14, June 17, 1982, pp. 130-142. the ASTM website.
*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1
---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
B438−13
E1019Test Methods for Determination of Carbon, Sulfur, 4.2.2 Prefix CTG—Bronze-Graphite (Medium Graphite):
Nitrogen, and Oxygen in Steel, Iron, Nickel, and Cobalt
CTG-1001-K17
CTG-1001-K23
Alloys by Various Combustion and Fusion Techniques
CTG-1001-K30
2.2 MPIF Standard:
CTG-1001-K34
MPIF
...
This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
Designation: B438 − 08 B438 − 13
Standard Specification for
Bronze-Base Powder Metallurgy (PM) Bearings (Oil-
1
Impregnated)
This standard is issued under the fixed designation B438; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope*
1.1 This specification covers porous metallic sleeve, flange, thrust and spherical bronze-base bearings that are produced from
mixed metal powders utilizing powder metallurgy (PM) technology and then impregnated with oil to supply operating lubrication.
1.2 Included are the specifications for the chemical, physical and mechanical requirements of those bronze-base PM materials
that have been developed and standardized specifically for use in the manufacture of these self-lubricating bearings.
1.3 This specification is applicable to the purchase of bronze-base bearings (oil-impregnated) that were formerly covered by
military specifications and are intended for government or military applications. Those additional government requirements that
only apply to military bearings are listed in the Supplementary Requirements section of this specification.
1.4 This specification acccompaniesaccompanies Specification B439 that covers the requirements for Iron-Base Powder
Metallurgy (PM) Bearings, (Oil-Impregnated).
1.5 Typical applications for bronze-base bearings are listed in Appendix X1.
1.6 Bearing dimensional tolerance data are shown in Appendix X2, while engineering information regarding installation and
operating parameters of PM bearings is included in Appendix X3. Additional useful information on self-lubricating bearings can
2
be found in MPIF Standard 35 35, ISO 5755 and the technical literature.
3
1.7 With the exception of density values for which the g/cm unit is the industry standard, the values stated in inch-pound units
are to be regarded as standard. The SI equivalents of inch-pound units, shown in parenthesis, have been converted in accordance
with IEEE/ASTM SI 10, may be approximate and are only for information. values given in parentheses are mathematical
conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.
1.8 The following safety hazards caveat pertains only to the test methods described in this specification. This standard does not
purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to
establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
2. Referenced Documents
3
2.1 ASTM Standards:
B243 Terminology of Powder Metallurgy
B328 Test Method for Density, Oil Content, and Interconnected Porosity of Sintered Metal Structural Parts and Oil-Impregnated
4
Bearings (Withdrawn 2009)
B439 Specification for Iron-Base Powder Metallurgy (PM) Bearings (Oil-Impregnated)
B939 Test Method for Radial Crushing Strength, K, of Powder Metallurgy (PM) Bearings and Structural Materials
B946 Test Method for Surface Finish of Powder Metallurgy (PM) Products
B962 Test Methods for Density of Compacted or Sintered Powder Metallurgy (PM) Products Using Archimedes’ Principle
B963 Test Methods for Oil Content, Oil-Impregnation Efficiency, and Interconnected Porosity of Sintered Powder Metallurgy
(PM) Products Using Archimedes’ Principle
B966 Test Method for Permeability of Powder Metallurgy (PM) Bearings Using Nitrogen Gas
1
This specification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee B09 on Metal Powders and Metal Powder Products and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee
B09.04 on Bearings.
Current edition approved June 1, 2008April 1, 2013. Published July 2008May 2013. Originally approved in 1966. Last previous edition approved in 20052008 as
B438/B438M – 05.B438 – 08. DOI: 10.1520/B0438-08.10.1520/B0438-13.
2
Machine Design Magazine, Vol 54, #14, June 17, 1982, pp. 130-142. Machine Design Magazine, Vol 54, #14, June 17, 1982, pp. 130-142.
3
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM Standards
volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on the ASTM website.
*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Consh
...
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