ASTM F1097-91(2001)
(Specification)Standard Specification for Mortar, Refractory (High-Temperature, Air-Setting)
Standard Specification for Mortar, Refractory (High-Temperature, Air-Setting)
SCOPE
1.1 This specification covers dry air-setting refractory mortar for use in laying and bonding refractory brick in ship boiler furnaces; and wet air-setting refractory mortar for use in laying refractory brick in stationary boiler furnaces, bright annealing furnaces, controlled atmosphere furnaces, and furnaces heated by electric elements.
1.2 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The SI units in parentheses are for information purposes only and may be approximate.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety problems, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
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An American National Standard
Designation: F 1097 – 91 (Reapproved 2001)
Standard Specification for
Mortar, Refractory (High-Temperature, Air-Setting)
This standard is issued under the fixed designation F 1097; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope PPP-B-704 Pails: Shipping, Steel (1 through 12 gallon)
2.3 Military Standards —The following documents shall
1.1 This specification covers dry air-setting refractory mor-
apply only when one or more of the requirements of S1 are
tar for use in laying and bonding refractory brick in ship boiler
specified in the contract or purchase order (see 4.1.3):
furnaces and wet air-setting refractory mortar for use in laying
MIL-STD-105 Sampling Procedures and Tables for Inspec-
refractory brick in stationary boiler furnaces, bright annealing
tion by Attributes
furnaces, controlled atmosphere furnaces, and furnaces heated
MIL-STD-129 Marking for Shipment and Storage
by electric elements.
1.2 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded
3. Classification
as standard. The SI units in parentheses are for information
3.1 The refractory mortar shall be of the following types:
purposes only and may be approximate.
3.1.1 Type 1—Dry.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the
3.1.2 Type 2—Wet.
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
4. Ordering Information
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
4.1 Orders for material under this specification shall include
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.
the following information, as necessary to adequately describe
2. Referenced Documents the material:
4.1.1 ASTM designation and year of issue,
2.1 ASTM Standards:
4.1.2 Type required (see 3.1), and
C 24 Test Method for Pyrometric Cone Equivalent (PCE) of
2 4.1.3 Optional requirements, if any (see S1).
Fireclay and High Alumina Refractory Materials
C 27 Classification of Fire Clay and High-Alumina Refrac-
5. Material
tory Brick
5.1 The mortar shall be composed of finely ground heat-
C 92 Test Methods for SieveAnalysis and Water Content of
resistant clays, minerals, or a mixture of clays and minerals in
Refractory Materials
either a dry or wet condition.
C 133 Test Methods for Cold Crushing Strength and Modu-
5.1.1 Type 1, Dry—Mortar shall be furnished dry and shall
lus of Rupture of Refractories
be ready for use as soon as mixed with water. Mortar, after
C 198 Test Method for Cold Bonding Strength of Refrac-
being mixed with water and then dried, shall be capable of
tory Mortar
2 being remixed with water.
C 199 Test Method for Pier Test for Refractory Mortars
5.1.2 Type 2, Wet—Mortar shall be furnished ready for use
2.2 Federal Specifications —The following documents
at a trowelling consistency and shall be easily mixed with
shall apply only when one or more of the requirements of S1
water to a dipping consistency.
are specified in the contract or purchase order (see 4.1.3):
UU-S-48 Sacks, Shipping, Paper
6. Performance Requirements
PPP-B-35 Bags: Textile, Shipping, Burlap, Cotton and Wa-
6.1 Resistance to Heat Soaking—Mortarshallnotsoftennor
terproof Laminated
show any evidence of fusion, and the shrinkage shall not be
greater than hairline cracks when tested as specified in 11.2.
6.2 Bonding Strength—The average modulus of rupture at
This specification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee F25 on Ships
and Marine Technology and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee F25.07 on
the brick joint when tested as specified in 11.3 shall be not less
General Requirements.
than shown in Table 1.
Current edition approved Feb. 22, 1991. Published July 1991.
2 6.3 Pyrometric Cone Equivalent (PCE)—The PCE shall be
Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 15.01.
Standardization Documents Order Desk, Building 4, Section D, 700 Robbins not less than cone 32 (see 11.4).
Ave., Philadelphia, PA 19111-5094, ATTN: NPODS.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.
F 1097
TABLE 1 Bonding Strength of Mortar
9.2 For the tests specified in 11.1 through 11.4, the sample
unit shall be 15 lbs (7 kg) of mortar. No fewer than three
Average Modulus of Rupture,
sample units shall be randomly selected throughout the lot. No
Temperatures, °F (°C)
psi (kPa), min
more than one sample shall be drawn from any one container.
230 (110) 200 (1400)
1000 (538) 100 (700) 9.2.1 The test sample shall be a 45-lbs (20-kg) composite of
2000 (1093) 100 (700)
the randomly selected sample units. Two or more determina-
tions as applicable (see Table 2) shall be performed on the
composite. There shall be no evidence of failure to meet the
7. Requirements
specified unit or average requirements.
7.1 Fineness—Mortar shall be ground to such fineness that
9.3 The PCE shall be determined on two cones of different
not more than 5 % shall be retained on a No. 40 ASTM sieve,
samples from each lot. If both cones fail, this shall be cause for
and not more than 0.5 % shall be held on a No. 30ASTM sieve
rejection without retest. If either cone fails, three additional
(see 11.1).
cones shall be made, each from a different sample. If any one
7.2 Shelf Life, Type 1—Mortar shall show no deterioration
after 1 year’s storage. of the three retest cones fail, this shall be cause for rejection.
7.3 Shelf Life, Type 2—At any time within one year of
shipment from the supplier, the mortar in a previously un- 10. Specimen Preparation
opened container shall not have stiffened to such an extent as
10.1 The entire mortar sample for testing shall be thor-
to interfere with its easy removal and mixing.
oughly mixed to ensure uniformity before any portion is taken
7.4 Consistency—Mortar, when tempered with water, shall
for tests. The selected portion of Type 1 (dry) mortar shall be
be of such consistency that it will be suitable for spreading
mixed with water to a trowelling consistency for the tests of
easily with a trowel or for dipping and for laying refractory
11.2 and 11.3.
brick and bonding them together upon drying and upon
10.2 For the test specified in 11.3, brick-mortar joints shall
subsequent heating at furnace temperatures. Mortar shall retain
be prepared in accordance withTest Method C 198, except that
this degree of workability for 2 h.
refractory bricks, conforming to Classification C 27, super-
7.4.1 The mixed mortar shall have sufficient water retention
duty, shall be used and shall be cut in half. The two halves of
to permit a ⁄16-in. (2-mm) joint to be made with a trowelling
consistency, but not allow the newly laid brick to float out of each brick shall be placed in a device suitable for bringing,
position. with a straight motion, the molded ends together with the faces
parallel at all times to form a bond.
8. Workmanship
10.2.1 Asmallquantityofmortarshallbespreadbyatrowel
8.1 Workmanship shall be first class in every respect. There
on the upper face forming the bond to ensure intimate contact.
shall be no foreign material or caked aggregate lumps in the
Sufficient mortar to give a ⁄8-in. (3-mm) thick layer shall be
mortar. Wet mortar shall be easily removed from the container
spread evenly on the lower bond forming face and the upper
and shall mix easily to a uniform trowelling consistency.
half shall be lowered until it is ⁄16 in. (2 mm) from the lower
9. Sampling
half. The excess mortar shall be cut from the joint, flush with
the sides of the brick. The unit thus formed shall be removed
9.1 An inspection lot for tests and inspections shall consist
ofallmaterialmanufacturedatessentiallythesametimeandof at once from the bond-forming machine. The b
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