ASTM C133-97(2008)

Standard Test Methods for Cold Crushing Strength and Modulus of Rupture of Refractories

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
The cold strength of a refractory material is an indication of its suitability for use in refractory construction. (It is not a measure of performance at elevated temperatures.)
These test methods are for determining the room temperature flexural strength in 3-point bending (cold modulus of rupture) or compressive strength (cold crushing strength), or both, for all refractory products.
Considerable care must be used to compare the results of different determinations of the cold crushing strength or modulus of rupture. The specimen size and shape, the nature of the specimen faces (that is, as-formed, sawed, or ground), the orientation of those faces during testing, the loading geometry, and the rate of load application, may all significantly affect the numerical results obtained. Comparisons of the results between different determinations should not be made if one or more of these parameters differ between the two determinations.
The relative ratio of the largest grain size to the smallest specimen dimension may significantly affect the numerical results. For example, smaller, cut specimens containing large grains may present different results than the bricks from which they were cut. Under no circumstances should 6- by 1- by 1-in. (152- by 25- by 25-mm) specimens be prepared and tested for materials containing grains with a maximum grain dimension exceeding 0.25 in. (6.4 mm).
This test method is useful for research and development, engineering application and design, manufacturing process control, and for developing purchasing specifications.
SCOPE
1.1 These test methods cover the determination of the cold crushing strength and the modulus of rupture (MOR) of dried or fired refractory shapes of all types.
1.2 The test methods appear in the following sections:
  Test Method Sections    Cold Crushing Strength 4 to 9   Modulus of Rupture 10 to 15  
1.3 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

General Information

• Status: Historical
• Publication Date: 31-Jul-2008
• ICS: 81.080 - Refractories
• Technical Committee: C08 - Refractories
• Drafting Committee: C08.01 - Strength

Relations

• Replaces: ASTM C133-97(2003) - Standard Test Methods for Cold Crushing Strength and Modulus of Rupture of Refractories
• Effective Date: 01-Aug-2008
• Replaced By: ASTM C133-97(2008)e1 - Standard Test Methods for Cold Crushing Strength and Modulus of Rupture of Refractories
• Effective Date: 01-Aug-2008
• Referred By: ASTM C1190-18(2022) - Standard Practice for Location of Test Specimens from Magnesia-Carbon and Impregnated Burned Basic Brick
• Effective Date: 01-Aug-2008
• Referred By: ASTM C1685-15(2021) - Standard Specification for Pneumatically Applied High-Temperature Fiber Thermal Insulation for Industrial Applications
• Effective Date: 01-Aug-2008
• Referred By: ASTM C27-98(2022) - Standard Classification of Fireclay and High-Alumina Refractory Brick
• Effective Date: 01-Aug-2008
• Referred By: ASTM C203-22 - Standard Test Methods for Breaking Load and Flexural Properties of Block-Type Thermal Insulation
• Effective Date: 01-Aug-2008
• Referred By: ASTM C416-97(2022) - Standard Classification of Silica Refractory Brick
• Effective Date: 01-Aug-2008
• Referred By: ASTM F1097-17(2022) - Standard Specification for Mortar, Refractory (High-Temperature, Air-Setting)
• Effective Date: 01-Aug-2008
• Referred By: ASTM C607-88(2016) - Standard Practice for Coking Large Shapes of Carbon-Bearing Materials
• Effective Date: 01-Aug-2008
• Referred By: ASTM C862-16(2020) - Standard Practice for Preparing Refractory Concrete Specimens by Casting
• Effective Date: 01-Aug-2008
• Referred By: ASTM F1312-19(2023) - Standard Specification for Brick, Insulating, High Temperature, Fire Clay
• Effective Date: 01-Aug-2008
• Referred By: ASTM C198-09(2019) - Standard Test Method for Cold Bonding Strength of Refractory Mortar
• Effective Date: 01-Aug-2008
• Referred By: ASTM C1171-16(2022) - Standard Test Method for Quantitatively Measuring the Effect of Thermal Shock and Thermal Cycling on Refractories
• Effective Date: 01-Aug-2008
• Referred By: ASTM C401-12(2022) - Standard Classification of Alumina and Alumina-Silicate Castable Refractories
• Effective Date: 01-Aug-2008

Standards Content (Sample)

NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information
Designation:C 133–97 (Reapproved 2008)
Standard Test Methods for
Cold Crushing Strength and Modulus of Rupture of
1
Refractories
This standard is issued under the fixed designation C 133; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the Department of Defense.
1. Scope 3. Significance and Use
1.1 These test methods cover the determination of the cold 3.1 The cold strength of a refractory material is an indica-
crushing strength and the modulus of rupture (MOR) of dried tionofitssuitabilityforuseinrefractoryconstruction.(Itisnot
or fired refractory shapes of all types. a measure of performance at elevated temperatures.)
1.2 The test methods appear in the following sections: 3.2 These test methods are for determining the room tem-
perature flexural strength in 3-point bending (cold modulus of
Test Method Sections
rupture) or compressive strength (cold crushing strength), or
Cold Crushing Strength 4 to 9
both, for all refractory products.
Modulus of Rupture 10 to 15
3.3 Considerable care must be used to compare the results
1.3 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded
of different determinations of the cold crushing strength or
as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical
modulus of rupture.The specimen size and shape, the nature of
conversions to SI units that are provided for information only
the specimen faces (that is, as-formed, sawed, or ground), the
and are not considered standard.
orientation of those faces during testing, the loading geometry,
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the
and the rate of load application, may all significantly affect the
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
numericalresultsobtained.Comparisonsoftheresultsbetween
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
different determinations should not be made if one or more of
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
these parameters differ between the two determinations.
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.
3.4 The relative ratio of the largest grain size to the smallest
specimen dimension may significantly affect the numerical
2. Referenced Documents
results. For example, smaller, cut specimens containing large
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
grains may present different results than the bricks from which
C 862 Practice for Preparing Refractory Concrete Speci-
they were cut. Under no circumstances should 6- by 1- by 1-in.
mens by Casting
(152- by 25- by 25-mm) specimens be prepared and tested for
C 1054 Practice for Pressing and Drying Refractory Plastic
materials containing grains with a maximum grain dimension
and Ramming Mix Specimens
exceeding 0.25 in. (6.4 mm).
E4 Practices for Force Verification of Testing Machines
3.5 Thistestmethodisusefulforresearchanddevelopment,
engineering application and design, manufacturing process
control, and for developing purchasing specifications.
1
These test methods are under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee C08 on
COLD CRUSHING STRENGTH
Refractories and are the direct responsibility of Subcommittee C08.01 on Strength.
Current edition approved Aug. 1, 2008. Published September 2008. Originally
4. Apparatus
approved in 1937. Last previous edition approved in 2003 as C 133 – 97 (2003).
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
4.1 Testing Machine—Any form of standard mechanical or
contact ASTM Customer Service at [e-mail]. For Annual Book of ASTM
hydraulic compression testing machine conforming to the
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
the ASTM website. requirements of PracticesE4 may be used.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.
1

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C 133–97 (2008)
NOTE 1—For low-strength materials (such as insulating bricks or
220 to 230°F (105 to 110°C) for 18 h (overnight). Upon
castables), a sensitivity of 20 lbf (67 kN) or less is required. The use of a
removal from the oven, allow the sample to cool naturally until
hydraulic testing machine is also preferred over the mechanical type for
cool to the touch. Complete testing within2hof removal from
these materials.
the drying oven. (See Practices C 862 and C 1054.)
4.2 Spherical Bearing Block—The plane surface of the
6. Procedure
spherical bearing block (see Fig. 1) shall have an area which is
equal to or greater than the cross section of the test specimen. 6.1 At least fiv
...