ASTM B963-14
(Test Method)Standard Test Methods for Oil Content, Oil-Impregnation Efficiency, and Surface-Connected Porosity of Sintered Powder Metallurgy (PM) Products Using Archimedes’ Principle
Standard Test Methods for Oil Content, Oil-Impregnation Efficiency, and Surface-Connected Porosity of Sintered Powder Metallurgy (PM) Products Using Archimedes’ Principle
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 Oil content values are generally contained in specifications for oil-impregnated PM bearings.
5.2 The oil-impregnation efficiency provides an indication of how well the as-received parts had been impregnated.
5.3 The desired self-lubricating performance of PM bearings requires a minimum amount of surface-connected porosity and satisfactory oil impregnation of the surface-connected porosity. A minimum oil content is specified.
5.4 The results from these test methods may be used for quality control or compliance purposes.
SCOPE
1.1 This standard describes three related test methods that cover the measurement of physical properties of oil-impregnated powder metallurgy products.
1.1.1 Determination of the volume percent of oil contained in the material.
1.1.2 Determination of the efficiency of the oil-impregnation process.
1.1.3 Determination of the percent surface-connected porosity by oil impregnation.
1.2 With the exception of the values for density and the mass used to determine density, for which the use of the gram per cubic centimetre (g/cm3) and gram (g) units is the long-standing industry practice, the values in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
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Designation: B963 − 14
Standard Test Methods for
Oil Content, Oil-Impregnation Efficiency, and Surface-
Connected Porosity of Sintered Powder Metallurgy (PM)
1
Products Using Archimedes’ Principle
This standard is issued under the fixed designation B963; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision.Anumber in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the U.S. Department of Defense.
1. Scope* Gravity of Crude Petroleum and Liquid Petroleum Prod-
ucts by Hydrometer Method
1.1 This standard describes three related test methods that
E456Terminology Relating to Quality and Statistics
cover the measurement of physical properties of oil-
E691Practice for Conducting an Interlaboratory Study to
impregnated powder metallurgy products.
Determine the Precision of a Test Method
1.1.1 Determination of the volume percent of oil contained
in the material.
3. Terminology
1.1.2 Determination of the efficiency of the oil-
impregnation process.
3.1 Definitions of powder metallurgy (PM) terms can be
1.1.3 Determinationofthepercentsurface-connectedporos-
found in Terminology B243.Additional descriptive material is
ity by oil impregnation.
available in the Related Material section of Vol. 02.05 of the
Annual Book of ASTM Standards.
1.2 With the exception of the values for density and the
mass used to determine density, for which the use of the gram
3
4. Summary of Test Method
per cubic centimetre (g/cm ) and gram (g) units is the long-
standingindustrypractice,thevaluesininch-poundunitsareto
4.1 Thepartortestspecimenisfirstweighedinair.Itisthen
be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are
oil impregnated to fill the surface-connected porosity and the
mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for
specimen is reweighed. The test specimen is then weighed
information only and are not considered standard.
when immersed in water and its volume calculated based on
Archimedes’ principle. The oil is then removed and the
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the
specimen is reweighed.
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
4.2 The oil content of an oil-impregnated part or test
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
specimen is then calculated as a percentage of the volume of
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.
the specimen. This may be done for the as-received and the
fully oil-impregnated specimen.
2. Referenced Documents
4.3 The oil-impregnation effıciencyiscalculatedbydividing
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
theas-receivedoilcontentbythefullyimpregnatedoilcontent
B243Terminology of Powder Metallurgy
and expressing the result as a percentage.
D1217Test Method for Density and Relative Density (Spe-
4.4 The volume percentage of surface-connected porosity
cific Gravity) of Liquids by Bingham Pycnometer
(as measured by oil impregnation) is then calculated based on
D1298Test Method for Density, Relative Density, or API
the amount of oil in the fully oil-impregnated specimen.
1
5. Significance and Use
These test methods are under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee B09 on
Metal Powders and Metal Powder Products and are the direct responsibility of
5.1 Oil content values are generally contained in specifica-
Subcommittee B09.04 on Bearings.
tions for oil-impregnated PM bearings.
Current edition approved Sept. 1, 2014. Published September 2014. Originally
approved in 2008. Last previous edition approved in 2013 as B963 – 13. DOI:
5.2 The oil-impregnation efficiency provides an indication
10.1520/B0963-14.
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or of how well the as-received parts had been impregnated.
contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
5.3 The desired self-lubricating performance of PM bear-
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
the ASTM website. ingsrequiresaminimumamountofsurface-connectedporosity
*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1
---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
B963 − 14
and satisfactory oil impregnation of the surface-connected 7. Preparation of Test Specimens
porosity. A minimum oil content is specified.
7.1 The mass of the test specimen shall be a minimum of
1.0 g. For small parts, several parts may be combined to reach
5.4 The results from these test methods may be used for
the minimum mass.
quality co
...
This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
Designation: B963 − 13 B963 − 14
Standard Test Methods for
Oil Content, Oil-Impregnation Efficiency, and
InterconnectedSurface-Connected Porosity of Sintered
Powder Metallurgy (PM) Products Using Archimedes’
1
Principle
This standard is issued under the fixed designation B963; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the U.S. Department of Defense.
1. Scope*
1.1 This standard describes three related test methods that cover the measurement of physical properties of oil-impregnated
powder metallurgy products.
1.1.1 Determination of the volume percent of oil contained in the material.
1.1.2 Determination of the efficiency of the oil-impregnation process.
1.1.3 Determination of the percent interconnectedsurface-connected porosity by oil impregnation.
1.2 With the exception of the values for density and the mass used to determine density, for which the use of the gram per cubic
3
centimetre (g/cm ) and gram (g) units is the long-standing industry practice, the values in inch-pound units are to be regarded as
standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are
not considered standard.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility
of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory
limitations prior to use.
2. Referenced Documents
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
B243 Terminology of Powder Metallurgy
D1217 Test Method for Density and Relative Density (Specific Gravity) of Liquids by Bingham Pycnometer
D1298 Test Method for Density, Relative Density, or API Gravity of Crude Petroleum and Liquid Petroleum Products by
Hydrometer Method
E456 Terminology Relating to Quality and Statistics
E691 Practice for Conducting an Interlaboratory Study to Determine the Precision of a Test Method
3. Terminology
3.1 Definitions of powder metallurgy (PM) terms can be found in Terminology B243. Additional descriptive material is
available in the Related Material section of Vol. 02.05 of the Annual Book of ASTM Standards.
4. Summary of Test Method
4.1 The part or test specimen is first weighed in air. It is then oil impregnated to fill the surface-connected porosity and the
specimen is reweighed. The test specimen is then weighed when immersed in water and its volume calculated based on
Archimedes’ principle. The oil is then removed and the specimen is reweighed.
1
These test methods are under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee B09 on Metal Powders and Metal Powder Products and are the direct responsibility of Subcommittee
B09.04 on Bearings.
Current edition approved April 1, 2013Sept. 1, 2014. Published June 2013September 2014. Originally approved in 2008. Last previous edition approved in 20112013 as
B963 – 11.13. DOI: 10.1520/B0963-13.10.1520/B0963-14.
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM Standards
volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on the ASTM website.
*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1
---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
B963 − 14
4.2 The oil content of an oil-impregnated part or test specimen is then calculated as a percentage of the volume of the specimen.
This may be done for the as-received and the fully oil-impregnated specimen.
4.3 The oil-impregnation effıciency is calculated by dividing the as-received oil content by the fully impregnated oil content and
expressing the result as a percentage.
4.4 The volume percentage of interconnectedsurface-connected porosity (as measured by oil impregnation) is then calculated
based on the amount of oil in the fully oil-impregnated specimen.
5. Significance and Use
5.1 Oil content values are generally contained in specifications for oil-impregnated PM bearings.
5.2 The oil-impregnation efficiency provides an indication of how well the as-received parts had been impregnated.
5.3 The desired self-lubricating performan
...
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