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ASTM D2893-04

(Test Method)

Standard Test Method for Oxidation Characteristics of Extreme-Pressure Lubrication Oils

Standard Test Method for Oxidation Characteristics of Extreme-Pressure Lubrication Oils

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
These test methods have been widely used to measure the oxidation stability of extreme pressure lubricating fluids, gear oils, and mineral oils.
SCOPE
1.1 These test methods (A and B) cover the determination of the oxidation characteristics of extreme-pressure fluid lubricants, gear oils, or mineral oils.
Note 1—The changes in the lubricant resulting from these test methods are not always necessarily associated with oxidation of the lubricant. Some changes may be due to thermal degradation.
1.2 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

General Information

Status
Historical
Publication Date
30-Apr-2004
ICS
75.100 - Lubricants, industrial oils and related products
Technical Committee
D02 - Petroleum Products, Liquid Fuels, and Lubricants
Drafting Committee
D02.09.0D - Oxidation of Lubricants
Current Stage
Ref Project

Relations

Replaces
ASTM D2893-03 - Standard Test Method for Oxidation Characteristics of Extreme-Pressure Lubrication Oils
Effective Date
01-May-2004
Replaced By
ASTM D2893-04(2009) - Standard Test Method for Oxidation Characteristics of Extreme-Pressure Lubrication Oils
Effective Date
01-Oct-2009
Referred By
ASTM D5763-22a - Standard Test Method for Oxidation and Thermal Stability Characteristics of Gear Oils Using Universal Glassware
Effective Date
01-May-2004
Referred By
ASTM D8324-21 - Standard Guide for Selection of Environmentally Acceptable Lubricants for the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) Vessel General Permit
Effective Date
01-May-2004

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ASTM D2893-04 - Standard Test Method for Oxidation Characteristics of Extreme-Pressure Lubrication OilsASTM D2893-04 - Standard Test Method for Oxidation Characteristics of Extreme-Pressure Lubrication Oils
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ASTM D2893-04 - Standard Test Method for Oxidation Characteristics of Extreme-Pressure Lubrication Oils
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NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information
Designation:D2893–04
Standard Test Methods for
Oxidation Characteristics of Extreme-Pressure Lubrication
1
Oils
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D2893; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope* 3.2 The oil is then tested for precipitation number and
increase in kinematic viscosity.
1.1 Thesetestmethods(AandB)coverthedeterminationof
the oxidation characteristics of extreme-pressure fluid lubri-
4. Significance and Use
cants, gear oils, or mineral oils.
4.1 These test methods have been widely used to measure
NOTE 1—Thechangesinthelubricantresultingfromthesetestmethods
the oxidation stability of extreme pressure lubricating fluids,
are not always necessarily associated with oxidation of the lubricant.
gear oils, and mineral oils.
Some changes may be due to thermal degradation.
5. Apparatus
1.2 This standard does not purport to address all of the
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
5.1 Heating Bath or Block, thermostatically controlled,
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
capable of maintaining the oil sample in the test tube at a
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
temperature of 95 6 0.2°C (Test Method A), or 121 6 1.0°C
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.
(Test Method B) and large enough to hold the desired number
of oxidation cells immersed in the heating bath or block to a
2. Referenced Documents
depth of approximately 350 mm. The liquid heating bath shall
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
be fitted with a suitable stirring device to provide a uniform
D91 Test Method for Precipitation Number of Lubricating
temperature throughout the bath.
2
Oils
5.2 Test Tubes, of borosilicate glass, 41 6 0.5 mm inside
D445 Test Method for Kinematic Viscosity of Transparent
diameter and 600 mm in length are required, each fitted with a
and Opaque Liquids (and Calculation of Dynamic Viscos-
slotted cork (Note 2) stopper into which shall be inserted a
ity)
glass air delivery tube of 4 to 5 mm of inside diameter. The
D943 Test Method for Oxidation Characteristics of Inhib-
length of the air delivery tube shall be such that one end
ited Mineral Oils
reaches to within 6 mm of the bottom of the tube and the other
E1 Specification for ASTM Liquid-in-Glass Thermometers
end projects 60 to 80 mm from the cork stopper.
NOTE 2—New corks should be used for each run.
3. Summary of Test Method
3.1 The oil sample is subjected to a temperature of 95°C 5.3 Flowmeter, one to each test tube, capable of measuring
(Test Method A) or 121°C (Test Method B) in the presence of an air flow of 10 L/h with an accuracy of 60.5 L/h.
dry air for 312 h. 5.4 Thermometer—ASTM Solvent Distillation Thermom-
eter having a range from 76 to 126°C and conforming to the
requirement for Thermometer 40C as prescribed in Specifica-
1
These test methods are under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D02 on
tion E1. Alternatively, calibrated thermocouples may be used.
Petroleum Products and Lubricants and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee
5.5 AirSupply—Oil-free, dried air at constant pressure shall
D02.09 on Oxidation.
be supplied to each flowmeter.
Current edition approved May 1, 2004. Published May 2004. Originally
5.6 AirDryer—Beforebeingsuppliedtotheflowmeters,the
approved in 1970. Last previous edition approved in 2003 as D2893–03. DOI:
10.1520/D2893-04.
air shall be passed through a drying tower packed with
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
indicating grade of anhydrous calcium sulfate or equivalent.
contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
The quantity of dessicant should be sufficient to last for the
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
the ASTM website. entire test.
*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.
1

---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
D2893–04
6. Preparation of Apparatus
6.1 Cleaning of Oxidation Cells—Clean glassware with a
suitable cleaning solution. (Warning—Causes severe burns.A
recognized carcinogen. Strong oxidizer, contact with other
material may cause fire. Hygroscropic.)
NOTE 3—While other suitable cleaning solutions are now available, the
round robin used glassware cleaned with chromic acid. Other cleaning
solutions such as NoChromix and Micro Clean have been found suitable.
In a referee situation, glassware shall be cleaned by a cleaning solution
s
...

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ASTM D6792-23c(Practice)
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4.1 A petroleum products, liquid fuels, and lubricants testing laboratory plays a crucial role in product quality management and customer satisfaction. It is essential for a laboratory to provide quality data. This document provides guidance for establishing and maintaining a quality management system in a laboratory.  
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5.1 The bromine number is useful as a measure of aliphatic unsaturation in petroleum samples. When used in conjunction with the calculation procedure described in Annex A2, it can be used to estimate the percentage of olefins in petroleum distillates boiling up to approximately 315 °C (600 °F).  
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1.1 This test method3 covers the determination of the bromine number of the following materials:  
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1.1.2 Commercial olefins that are essentially mixtures of aliphatic mono-olefins and that fall within the range of 95 to 165 bromine number (see Note 1). This test method has been found suitable for such materials as commercial propylene trimer and tetramer, butene dimer, and mixed nonenes, octenes, and heptenes. This test method is not satisfactory for normal alpha-olefins.  
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1.2 The magnitude of the bromine number is an indication of the quantity of bromine-reactive constituents, not an identification of constituents; therefore, its application as a measure of olefinic unsaturation should not be undertaken without the study given in Annex A1.  
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1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard.  
1.4.1 Exception—The values given in parentheses are for information only.  
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Standard Test Method for Low-Temperature Viscosity of Automatic Transmission Fluids, Hydraulic Fluids, and Lubricants using a Rotational Viscometer

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 The low-temperature, low-shear-rate viscosity of automatic transmission fluids, gear oils, torque and tractor fluids, and industrial and automotive hydraulic oils (see Appendix X4) are of considerable importance to the proper operation of many mechanical devices. Measurement of the viscometric properties of these oils and fluids at low temperatures is often used to specify their acceptance for service. This test method is used in a number of specifications.  
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5.3 Procedures A, B, C, and D of this test method describe how to measure apparent viscosity directly without the errors associated with earlier techniques that extrapolated experimental viscometric data obtained at higher temperatures.
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1.1 This test method covers the use of rotational viscometers with an appropriate torque range and specific spindle for the determination of the low-shear-rate viscosity of automatic transmission fluids, gear oils, hydraulic fluids, and some lubricants. This test method covers the viscosity range of 300 mPa·s to 900 000 mPa·s  
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1.4.2 The viscosity data used for Procedure D precision study was from 6400 mPa·s to 256 000 mPa·s at test temperatures of –26 °C and –40 °C.  
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5.1 This test simulates a type of severe field service in which corrosion-promoting moisture in the form of condensed water vapor accumulates in the axle assembly. This may happen as a result of volume expansion and contraction of the axle lubricant and the accompanied breathing in of moisture-laden air through the axle vent. The test screens lubricants for their ability to prevent the expected corrosion.  
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5.1 Periodic sampling and analysis of lubricants have long been used as a means to determine overall machinery health. Atomic emission (AE) and atomic absorption (AA) spectroscopy are often employed for wear metal analysis (for example, Test Method D5185). A number of physical property tests complement wear metal analysis and are used to provide information on lubricant condition (for example, Test Methods D445, D2896, and D6304). Molecular analysis of lubricants and hydraulic fluids by FT-IR spectroscopy produces direct information on molecular species of interest, including additives, fluid breakdown products and external contaminants, and thus complements wear metal and other analyses used in a condition monitoring program (1, 2-6).
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1.2 This practice is based on trending and distribution response analysis from mid-infrared absorption measurements. While calibration to generate physical concentration units may be possible, it is unnecessary or impractical in many cases. Warning or alarm limits (the point where maintenance action on a machine being monitored is recommended or required) can be determined through statistical analysis, history of the same or similar equipment, round robin tests or other methods in conjunction with correlation to equipment performance. These warning or alarm limits can be a fixed maximum or minimum value for comparison to a single measurement or can also be based on a rate of change of the response measured (1) .2 This practice describes distributions but does not preclude using rate-of-change warnings and alarms.
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1.3 Spectra and distribution profiles presented herein are for illustrative purposes only and are not to be construed as representing or establishing lubricant or machinery guidelines.  
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1.1 This test method covers quantitative procedures for the evaluation of the compatibility of automotive engine oils with several reference elastomers typical of those used in the sealing materials in contact with these oils. Compatibility is evaluated by determining the changes in volume, Durometer A hardness, and tensile properties when the elastomer specimens are immersed in the oil for a specified time and temperature.  
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1.4 The several reference elastomer formulations specified in this test method were chosen to be representative of those used in both heavy-duty diesel engines (detailed in Annex A1) and passenger-car spark-ignition engines (the latter are covered in Annex A2). The procedures described in this test method can, however, also be used to evaluate the compatibility of automotive engine oils with different elastomer types/formulations or different test durations and temperatures to those employed in this test method.
Note 2: In such cases, the precision and bias statement in Section 12 does not apply. In addition to agreeing acceptable limits of precision, where relevant, the user and supplier should also agree:  (1) test temperatures and immersion times to be used; (2) the formulations and typical properties of the elastomers; and (3) the sourcing and quality control of the elastomer sheets.
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1.1 This test method covers the determination and evaluation of flow properties, wear levels, contaminants, and oxidative condition of new and in-service lubricating grease.  
1.2 This test method provides guidance on evaluating in-service grease samples, NLGI grades 00 to 3, for wear, consistency, contamination, and oxidation.  
1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only.  
1.3.1 Exception—The exception to this will be where units of references were developed by the developers of the test equipment and necessary to report the results of the test.  
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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ASTM
ASTM D7922-23(Test Method)
Standard Test Method for Determination of Glycol for In-Service Engine Oils by Gas Chromatography

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 Some glycol/antifreeze dilution of in-service engine oil is normal under typical operating conditions. However, excessive glycol dilution can lead to decreased performance, premature wear, or sudden engine failure. This test method provides a means of quantifying the level of glycol based antifreeze dilution, allowing the user to take necessary action.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the determination of glycol based antifreeze for in-service engine oil by derivative headspace/gas chromatography.  
1.2 Sample is derivatized in-situ directly in a headspace sampling vial prior to vapor phase extraction and injection into a gas chromatograph.  
1.3 The chemistry of the derivatization is unique to the detection of the molecules of ethylene glycol and 1,2-propylene glycol. 1,3-propylene glycol could also be detected but is not used in any known anti-freeze at this time. Other coolant analyses are beyond the scope of this test method.  
1.4 The derivatization process does not affect glycol breakdown products such as glycolate and formate and hence the presence of these compounds in the oil will not be quantified.  
1.5 The test method concentration range is from 50 µg/g to 1000 µg/g. Lower levels are possible by method modifications. Higher levels are possible through sample dilution.  
1.6 Units—The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.  
1.7 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.8 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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