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ASTM G101-04

(Guide)

Standard Guide for Estimating the Atmospheric Corrosion Resistance of Low-Alloy Steels

Standard Guide for Estimating the Atmospheric Corrosion Resistance of Low-Alloy Steels

SCOPE
1.1 This guide presents two methods for estimating the atmospheric corrosion resistance of low-alloy weathering steels, such as those described in Specifications A 242/A 242M, A 588/A 588M, A 606 Type 4, A 709/A 709M grades 50W, HPS 70W, and 100W, A 852/A 852M, and A 871/A 871M. One method gives an estimate of the long-term thickness loss of a steel at a specific site based on results of short-term tests. The other gives an estimate of relative corrosion resistance based on chemical composition.

General Information

Status
Historical
Publication Date
09-May-2004
ICS
77.060 - Corrosion of metals
Technical Committee
G01 - Corrosion of Metals
Drafting Committee
G01.04 - Corrosion of Metals in Natural Atmospheric and Aqueous Environments
Current Stage
Ref Project

Relations

Replaces
ASTM G101-01 - Standard Guide for Estimating the Atmospheric Corrosion Resistance of Low-Alloy Steels
Effective Date
10-May-2004
Replaced By
ASTM G101-04(2010) - Standard Guide for Estimating the Atmospheric Corrosion Resistance of Low-Alloy Steels
Effective Date
01-May-2010
Referred By
ASTM A449-14(2020) - Standard Specification for Hex Cap Screws, Bolts and Studs, Steel, Heat Treated, 120/105/90 ksi Minimum Tensile Strength, General Use
Effective Date
10-May-2004
Referred By
ASTM F436/F436M-19 - Standard Specification for Hardened Steel Washers Inch and Metric Dimensions
Effective Date
10-May-2004
Referred By
ASTM A588/A588M-19 - Standard Specification for High-Strength Low-Alloy Structural Steel, up to 50 ksi [345 MPa] Minimum Yield Point, with Atmospheric Corrosion Resistance
Effective Date
10-May-2004
Referred By
ASTM A847/A847M-21 - Standard Specification for Cold-Formed Welded and Seamless High-Strength, Low-Alloy Structural Tubing with Improved Atmospheric Corrosion Resistance
Effective Date
10-May-2004
Referred By
ASTM A1039/A1039M-20 - Standard Specification for Steel, Sheet, Hot Rolled, Carbon, Commercial, Structural, and High-Strength Low-Alloy, and Ultra-High Strength, Produced by Twin-Roll Casting Process
Effective Date
10-May-2004
Referred By
ASTM F959/F959M-17a - Standard Specification for Compressible-Washer-Type Direct Tension Indicators for Use with Structural Fasteners, Inch and Metric Series
Effective Date
10-May-2004
Referred By
ASTM A618/A618M-21 - Standard Specification for Hot-Formed Welded and Seamless High-Strength Low-Alloy Structural Tubing
Effective Date
10-May-2004
Referred By
ASTM A595/A595M-22 - Standard Specification for Steel Tubes, Low-Carbon or High-Strength Low-Alloy, Tapered for Structural Use
Effective Date
10-May-2004
Referred By
ASTM A502-03(2015) - Standard Specification for Rivets, Steel, Structural
Effective Date
10-May-2004
Referred By
ASTM A1065/A1065M-18 - Standard Specification for Cold-Formed Electric-Fusion (Arc) Welded High-Strength Low–Alloy Structural Tubing in Shapes, with 50 ksi [345 MPa] Minimum Yield Point
Effective Date
10-May-2004
Referred By
ASTM F3125/F3125M-22 - Standard Specification for High Strength Structural Bolts and Assemblies, Steel and Alloy Steel, Heat Treated, Inch Dimensions 120 ksi and 150 ksi Minimum Tensile Strength, and Metric Dimensions 830 MPa and 1040 MPa Minimum Tensile Strength
Effective Date
10-May-2004
Referred By
ASTM F3148-17a - Standard Specification for High Strength Structural Bolt Assemblies, Steel and Alloy Steel, Heat Treated, 144ksi Minimum Tensile Strength, Inch Dimensions
Effective Date
10-May-2004
Referred By
ASTM A606/A606M-23 - Standard Specification for Steel, Sheet and Strip, High-Strength, Low-Alloy, Hot-Rolled and Cold-Rolled, with Improved Atmospheric Corrosion Resistance
Effective Date
10-May-2004

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ASTM G101-04 - Standard Guide for Estimating the Atmospheric Corrosion Resistance of Low-Alloy SteelsASTM G101-04 - Standard Guide for Estimating the Atmospheric Corrosion Resistance of Low-Alloy Steels
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ASTM G101-04 - Standard Guide for Estimating the Atmospheric Corrosion Resistance of Low-Alloy Steels
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NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information.
Designation: G101 – 04
Standard Guide for
Estimating the Atmospheric Corrosion Resistance of Low-
1
Alloy Steels
This standard is issued under the fixed designation G101; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision.Anumber in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope G16 Guide forApplying Statistics toAnalysis of Corrosion
Data
1.1 This guide presents two methods for estimating the
G50 Practice for Conducting Atmospheric Corrosion Tests
atmospheric corrosion resistance of low-alloy weathering
on Metals
steels, such as those described in SpecificationsA242/A242M,
A588/A588M, A606 Type 4A606, A709/A709M grades 50W,
3. Terminology
HPS 70W, and 100W, A709/A709MA852/A852M, and A871/
3.1 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:
A871M. One method gives an estimate of the long-term
3.1.1 low-alloy steels—Iron-carbon alloys containing
thickness loss of a steel at a specific site based on results of
greater than 1.0% but less than 5.0%, by mass, total alloying
short-term tests. The other gives an estimate of relative
elements.
corrosion resistance based on chemical composition.
NOTE 1—Most “low-alloy weathering steels” contain additions of both
2. Referenced Documents
chromium and copper, and may also contain additions of silicon, nickel,
2
phosphorus, or other alloying elements which enhance atmospheric
2.1 ASTM Standards:
corrosion resistance.
A242/A242M Specification for High-Strength Low-Alloy
Structural Steel
4. Summary of Guide
A588/A588M Specification for High-Strength Low-Alloy
4.1 In this guide, two general methods are presented for
Structural Steel, up to 50 ksi [345 MPa] Minimum Yield
estimating the atmospheric corrosion resistance of low-alloy
Point, with Atmospheric Corrosion Resistance
weathering steels. These are not alternative methods; each
A606 Specification for Steel, Sheet and Strip, High-
methodisintendedforaspecificpurpose,asoutlinedin5.2and
Strength, Low-Alloy, Hot-Rolled and Cold-Rolled, with
5.3.
Improved Atmospheric Corrosion Resistance
4.1.1 The first method utilizes linear regression analysis of
A709/A709M Specification for Structural Steel for Bridges
short-term atmospheric corrosion data to enable prediction of
A852/A852M Specification for Quenched and Tempered
long-term performance by an extrapolation method.
Low-Alloy Structural Steel Plate with 70 ksi [485 MPa]
4.1.2 Thesecondmethodutilizespredictiveequationsbased
Minimum Yield Strength to 4 in. [100 mm] Thick
on the steel composition to calculate indices of atmospheric
A871/A871M Specification for High-Strength Low-Alloy
corrosion resistance.
Structural Steel Plate With Atmospheric Corrosion Resis-
tance
5. Significance and Use
G1 Practice for Preparing, Cleaning, and Evaluating Corro-
5.1 In the past, ASTM specifications for low-alloy weath-
sion Test Specimens
ering steels, such as Specifications A242/A242M, A588/
A588M, A606 Type 4A606, A709/A709M Grade 50W, HPS
1
This guide is under the jurisdiction ofASTM Committee G01 on Corrosion of
70W, and 100WA709/A709M, A852/A852M, and A871/
Metals and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee G01.04 on Atmospheric
A871M stated that the atmospheric corrosion resistance of
Corrosion.
these steels is “approximately two times that of carbon
Current edition approved May 1, 2004. Published June 2004. Originally
structural steel with copper.” A footnote in the specifications
approved in 1989. Last previous edition approved in 2001 as G101–01. DOI:
10.1520/G0101-04.
stated that “two times carbon structural steel with copper is
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
equivalent to four times carbon structural steel without copper
contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
(Cu 0.02 maximum).” Because such statements relating the
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
the ASTM website. corrosion resistance of weathering steels to that of other steels
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.
1

---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
G101 – 04
TABLE 1 Constants and Coefficients for Calculating the Rate Constants A and B from Composition
A (µm) B (T in months)
n 275 227 248 275 227 248
site Bethlehem, PA Columbus, OH Pittsburgh, PA Bethlehem, PA Columbus, OH Pittsburgh, PA
Constant 15.157 16.143 14.862 0.511 0.539 0.604
A
Carbon 6.310 3.350 –0.102 –0.103 –0.046
A
Manganese –2.170 –2.370 –0.097 –0.019 0.042
Phosphorus –1.770 –10.250 –5.120 –0.592 –0.333 –0.546
A
Sulfur –27.200 –15.970 2.408 0.908 1.004
Silicon 6.50 2.96 1.38 –0.20 –0.16 –0.13
Ni
...

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Standard Practice for Use of Mattsson's Solution of pH 7.2 to Evaluate the Stress-Corrosion Cracking Susceptibility of Copper-Zinc Alloys

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 This test environment is believed to give an accelerated ranking of the relative or absolute degree of stress-corrosion cracking susceptibility for different brasses. It has been found to correlate well with the corresponding service ranking in environments that cause stress-corrosion cracking which is thought to be due to the combined presence of traces of moisture and ammonia vapor. The extent to which the accelerated ranking correlates with the ranking obtained after long-term exposure to environments containing corrodents other than ammonia is not at present known. Examples of such environments may be severe marine atmospheres (Cl−), severe industrial atmospheres (predominantly SO2), and super-heated ammonia-free steam.  
4.2 It is not possible at present to specify any particular time to failure (defined on the basis of any particular failure criteria) in pH 7.2 Mattsson’s solution that corresponds to a distinction between acceptable and unacceptable stress-corrosion behavior in brass alloys. Such particular correlations must be determined individually.  
4.3 Mattsson's solution of pH 7.2 may also cause stress independent general and intergranular corrosion of brasses to some extent. This leads to the possibility of confusing stress-corrosion failures with mechanical failures induced by corrosion-reduced net cross sections. This danger is particularly great with small cross section specimens, high applied stress levels, long exposure periods and stress-corrosion resistant alloys. Careful metallographic examination is recommended for correct diagnosis of the cause of failure. Alternatively, unstressed control specimens may be exposed to evaluate the extent to which stress independent corrosion degrades mechanical properties.
SCOPE
1.1 This practice covers the preparation and use of Mattsson’s solution of pH 7.2 as an accelerated stress-corrosion cracking test environment for brasses (copper-zinc base alloys). The variables (to the extent that these are known at present) that require control are described together with possible means for controlling and standardizing these variables.  
1.2 This practice is recommended only for brasses (copper-zinc base alloys). The use of this test environment is not recommended for other copper alloys since the results may be erroneous, providing completely misleading rankings. This is particularly true of alloys containing aluminum or nickel as deliberate alloying additions.  
1.3 This practice is intended primarily where the test objective is to determine the relative stress-corrosion cracking susceptibility of different brasses under the same or different stress conditions or to determine the absolute degree of stress corrosion cracking susceptibility, if any, of a particular brass or brass component under one or more specific stress conditions. Other legitimate test objectives for which this test solution may be used do, of course, exist. The tensile stresses present may be known or unknown, applied or residual. The practice may be applied to wrought brass products or components, brass castings, brass weldments, and so forth, and to all brasses. Strict environmental test conditions are stipulated for maximum assurance that apparent variations in stress-corrosion susceptibility are attributable to real variations in the material being tested or in the tensile stress level and not to environmental variations.  
1.4 This practice relates solely to the preparation and control of the test environment. No attempt is made to recommend surface preparation or finish, or both, as this may vary with the test objectives. Similarly, no attempt is made to recommend particular stress-corrosion test specimen configurations or methods of applying the stress. Test specimen configurations that may be used are referenced in Practice G30 and STP 425.2  
1.5 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included ...

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ASTM
ASTM G186-05(2021)(Test Method)
Standard Test Method for Determining Whether Gas-Leak-Detector Fluid Solutions Can Cause Stress Corrosion Cracking of Brass Alloys

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 Brass components are routinely used in compressed gas service for valves, pressure regulators, connectors and many other components. Although soft brass is not susceptible to ammonia SCC, work-hardened brass is susceptible if its hardness exceeds about 54 HR 30T (55HRB) (Rockwell scale). Normal assembly of brass components should not induce sufficient work hardening to cause susceptibility to ammonia SCC. However, it is has been observed that over-tightening of the components will render them susceptible to SCC, and the problem becomes more severe in older components that have been tightened many times. In this test, the specimens are obtained in the hardened condition and are strained beyond the elastic limit to accelerate the tendency towards SCC.  
5.2 It is normal practice to use LDFs to check pressurized systems to assure that leaking is not occurring. LDFs are usually aqueous solutions containing surfactants that will form bubbles at the site of a leak. If the LDF contains ammonia or other agent that can cause SCC in brass, serious damage can occur to the system that will compromise its safety and integrity.  
5.3 It is important to test LDFs to assure that they do not cause SCC of brass and to assure that the use of these products does not compromise the integrity of the pressure containing system.  
5.4 It has been found that corrosion of brass is necessary before SCC can occur. The reason for this is that the corrosion process results in cupric and cuprous ions accumulating in the electrolyte. Therefore, adding copper metal and cuprous oxide (Cu2O) to the aqueous solution accelerates the SCC process if agents that cause SCC are present. However, adding these components to a solution that does not cause SCC will not make stressed brass crack.  
5.5 Repeated application of the solution to the specimen followed by a drying period causes the components in the solution to concentrate thereby further increasing the rate of cracking. This also simulates se...
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers an accelerated test method for evaluating the tendency of gas leak detection fluids (LDFs) to cause stress corrosion cracking (SCC) of brass components in compressed gas service.  
1.2 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.  
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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