ASTM E3009-23
(Test Method)Standard Test Method for Sensory Analysis—Tetrad Test
Standard Test Method for Sensory Analysis—Tetrad Test
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 The test method is effective for the following test objectives:
5.1.1 To determine whether a perceptible difference results or a perceptible difference does not result, for example, when a change is made in ingredients, processing, packaging, handling, or storage; or
5.1.2 To select, train, and monitor assessors.
5.2 The test method itself does not change whether the purpose of the test is to determine that the products are perceptibly different versus that the products are sufficiently similar to be used interchangeably. Only the selected values of α, β, and δ or Pd change. If the objective of the test is to determine if there is a perceptible difference between two products, then initially the products are assumed to be indistinguishable (for example, HO: δ or Pd = 0) and the data are examined to determine if the assumption can be rejected (that is, conclude that the products are perceptively different). If the objective is to determine if the two products are sufficiently similar to be used interchangeably, then initially the products are assumed to be meaningfully different (for example, HO: δ or Pd > the value chosen to represent a meaningful difference) and the data are examined to determine if the assumption can be rejected (that is, conclude that the samples are sufficiently similar to be used interchangeably).
5.3 The tetrad method involves the evaluation of four samples. When the products being tested cause excessive sensory fatigue, carryover, or adaptation, methods that involve the evaluation of fewer samples (same-different, triangle test, etc.) may be preferred.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers a procedure for determining whether a perceptible sensory difference exists between samples of two products or to estimate the magnitude of the perceptible difference.
1.2 This test method applies whether a difference may exist in a single sensory attribute or in several.
1.3 This test method is applicable when the nature of the difference between the samples is unknown. The attribute(s) responsible for the difference are not identified.
1.4 The tetrad test is more efficient statistically than the triangle test (Test Method E1885) or the duo-trio test (Test Method E2610).
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
1.6 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
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Standards Content (Sample)
This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
Designation: E3009 − 23
Standard Test Method for
1
Sensory Analysis—Tetrad Test
This standard is issued under the fixed designation E3009; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope E2262 Practice for Estimating Thurstonian Discriminal Dis-
tances
1.1 This test method covers a procedure for determining
E2610 Test Method for Sensory Analysis—Duo-Trio Test
whether a perceptible sensory difference exists between
3
samples of two products or to estimate the magnitude of the 2.2 ISO Standards:
perceptible difference. ISO 4120 Sensory Analysis – Methodology – Triangle Test
ISO 10399 Sensory Analysis – Methodology – Duo-Trio
1.2 This test method applies whether a difference may exist
Test
in a single sensory attribute or in several.
1.3 This test method is applicable when the nature of the
3. Terminology
difference between the samples is unknown. The attribute(s)
3.1 Definitions—For definition of terms relating to sensory
responsible for the difference are not identified.
analysis, see Terminology E253, and for terms relating to
1.4 The tetrad test is more efficient statistically than the
statistics, see Terminology E456.
triangle test (Test Method E1885) or the duo-trio test (Test
3.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:
Method E2610).
3.2.1 α (alpha) risk—probability of concluding that a per-
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the
ceptible difference exists when, in reality, one does not.
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
3.2.1.1 Discussion—Also known as Type I Error or signifi-
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
cance level.
priate safety, health, and environmental practices and deter-
3.2.2 β (beta) risk—probability of concluding that no per-
mine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
ceptible difference exists when, in reality, one does.
1.6 This international standard was developed in accor-
3.2.2.1 Discussion—Also known as Type II Error.
dance with internationally recognized principles on standard-
ization established in the Decision on Principles for the 3.2.3 δ—Thurstonian measure of sensory difference (effect
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recom-
size) relative to perceptual noise (standard deviation) (see
mendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical
Practice E2262).
Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
3.2.4 P —the probability of obtaining a correct answer from
c
an assessor in the test.
2. Referenced Documents
3.2.4.1 Discussion—If the products are indistinguishable
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
1
sensorially, P = ⁄3 in the tetrad test; while if the products are
c
E253 Terminology Relating to Sensory Evaluation of Mate- 1
perceptibly different, P > ⁄3 .
c
rials and Products
3.2.5 P —proportion of assessors who can discriminate the
d
E456 Terminology Relating to Quality and Statistics
two products in the test.
E1871 Guide for Serving Protocol for Sensory Evaluation of
3.2.5.1 Discussion—P is the measure of sensory difference
d
Foods and Beverages
used in the guessing model.
E1885 Test Method for Sensory Analysis—Triangle Test
3.2.6 product—material to be evaluated.
3.2.7 sample—unit of product prepared, presented, and
1
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee E18 on Sensory
evaluated in the test.
Evaluation and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee E18.04 on Fundamen-
tals of Sensory.
3.2.8 sensitivity—general term used to summarize the per-
Current edition approved April 1, 2023. Published May 2023. Originally
ɛ1 formance characteristics of the test.
approved in 2015. Last previous edition approved in 2015 as E3009 – 15 . DOI:
10.1520/E3009-23.
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
3
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on Available from International Organization for Standardization (ISO), 1, ch. de
the ASTM website. la Voie-Creuse, CP 56, CH-1211 Geneva 20, Switzerland, http://www.iso.org.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1
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E3009 − 23
3.2.8.1 Discussion—The sensitivity of the test is rigorously sensory fatigue, carryover, or adaptation, methods that involve
defined, in statistical terms, by
...
This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
´1
Designation: E3009 − 15 E3009 − 23
Standard Test Method for
1
Sensory Analysis—Tetrad Test
This standard is issued under the fixed designation E3009; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1
ε NOTE—Editorially corrected Table A1.1 in May 2016.
1. Scope
1.1 This test method covers a procedure for determining whether a perceptible sensory difference exists between samples of two
products or to estimate the magnitude of the perceptible difference.
1.2 This test method applies whether a difference may exist in a single sensory attribute or in several.
1.3 This test method is applicable when the nature of the difference between the samples is unknown. The attribute(s) responsible
for the difference are not identified.
1.4 The tetrad test is more efficient statistically than the triangle test (Test Method E1885) or the duo-trio test (Test Method
E2610).
1.5 The tetrad method involves the evaluation of four samples. When the products being tested cause excessive sensory fatigue,
carryover, or adaptation, methods that involve the evaluation of fewer samples (same-different, triangle test, etc.) may be preferred.
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility
of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and healthsafety, health, and environmental practices and determine
the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
1.6 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization
established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued
by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
2. Referenced Documents
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
E253 Terminology Relating to Sensory Evaluation of Materials and Products
E456 Terminology Relating to Quality and Statistics
E1871 Guide for Serving Protocol for Sensory Evaluation of Foods and Beverages
E1885 Test Method for Sensory Analysis—Triangle Test
E2262 Practice for Estimating Thurstonian Discriminal Distances
1
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee E18 on Sensory Evaluation and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee E18.04 on Fundamentals
of Sensory.
ɛ1
Current edition approved May 1, 2015April 1, 2023. Published June 2015May 2023. Originally approved in 2015. Last previous edition approved in 2015 as E3009 – 15 .
DOI: 10.1520/E3009-15E01.10.1520/E3009-23.
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM Standards
volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on the ASTM website.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1
---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
E3009 − 23
E2610 Test Method for Sensory Analysis—Duo-Trio Test
3
2.2 ISO Standards:
ISO 4120 Sensory Analysis – Methodology – Triangle Test
ISO 10399 Sensory Analysis – Methodology – Duo-Trio Test
3. Terminology
3.1 Definitions—For definition of terms relating to sensory analysis, see Terminology E253, and for terms relating to statistics, see
Terminology E456.
3.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:
3.2.1 α (alpha) risk—probability of concluding that a perceptible difference exists when, in reality, one does not.
3.2.1.1 Discussion—
Also known as Type I Error or significance level.
3.2.2 β (beta) risk—probability of concluding that no perceptible difference exists when, in reality, one does.
3.2.2.1 Discussion—
Also known as Type II Error.
3.2.3 δ—Thurstonian measure of sensory difference (effect size) relative to perceptual noise (standard deviation) (see Practice
E2262).
3.2.4 P —the probability of obtaining a correct answer from an assessor in the test.
c
3.2.4.1 Discussion—
1 1
If the products are indistinguishable sensorially, P = ⁄3 in the tetrad test; while if the products are perceptibly different, P > ⁄3
c c
.
3.2.5 P —proportion of assessors who can discriminate the two products in the test.
d
3.2.5.1 Discussion—
P is the measure of sensory difference used in the guessing model.
d
3.2.6 product—material to be evalua
...
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