ASTM E253-23a

Standard Terminology Relating to Sensory Evaluation of Materials and Products

General Information

• Status: Published
• Publication Date: 14-Jul-2023
• ICS: 01.040.67 - Food technology (Vocabularies)
• ICS: 67.240 - Sensory analysis
• Technical Committee: E18 - Sensory Evaluation
• Drafting Committee: E18.01 - Terminology

Standards Content (Sample)

This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
Designation: E253 − 23a
Standard Terminology Relating to
1
Sensory Evaluation of Materials and Products
This standard is issued under the fixed designation E253; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Referenced Documents alternative forced choice (AFC), n—method in which two,
2
three, or more stimuli are presented, and assessors are given
1.1 ASTM Standards:
a criterion by which they are required to select one stimulus.
E284 Terminology of Appearance
(2008)
2. Terminology DISCUSSION—Typical examples include 2-AFC (directional different
test) and 3-AFC (selecting the one stimulus among a set of three that
absolute judgment, n—an evaluation of a stimulus made
differs in a defined attribute).
without direct comparison to other stimuli. (2007)
alternative forced choice (AFC) test, n—method in which
acceptability/unacceptability, n—degree to which a stimulus
two, three, or more stimuli are presented, and assessors are
is judged to be favorable or unfavorable. (2006)
given a criterion by which they are required to select one
stimulus. (2008)
acuity, n—the ability to detect or discriminate sensory stimuli.
DISCUSSION—Typical examples include 2-AFC (directional difference
(2007)
test) and 3-AFC (selecting the one stimulus among a set of three that
differs in a defined attribute).
adaptation, sensory, n—a decrease in sensitivity to a given
stimulus which occurs as a result of exposure to that
anchoring point, n—a reference point against which other
stimulus. (2006)
items are judged. (1996)
affective test, n—any method to assess acceptance, liking,
anosmia, n—lack of sensitivity to odor stimuli. (1996)
preference, or emotions for a stimulus or stimuli. (2008)
A-not-A test, n—a method of discrimination testing comprised
after effects, n—total array of sensations that occur after
of at least two samples; at least one sample is a previously
removal of the stimulus from the sensing field (for example,
identified sample (“A”) and at least one is a test sample; all
with foods) or after application of the stimulus (for example,
samples are presented blindly, and the assessor’s task is to
with non-foods). (2008)
assign the label “A” or “not-A” to each of the samples.
(2001)
after feel, n—feel of the skin after application of a sample,
with or without touching, usually measured at a specified
antagonism, n—joint action of two or more stimuli whose
time point. (2008)
combination elicits a level of sensation lower than that
expected from combining the effects of each stimulus taken
aftertaste, n—the oral or nasal sensations that occur after the
separately. (1996)
stimulus has been removed from the oral cavity. (2007) (See
also after effects.)
aroma, n—perception resulting from stimulating the olfactory
receptors; in a broader sense, the term is sometimes used to
aguesia, n—lack of sensitivity to taste stimuli. (1996)
refer to the combination of sensations resulting from stimu-
α (alpha) risk, n—the probability of concluding that a percep-
lation of the entire nasal cavity. (1996)
DISCUSSION—Aroma, odor, and smell have the same basic meaning;
tible difference exists when, in reality, one does not. (2014)
however, in common usage they may have different connotations.
DISCUSSION—α risk also is known as Type 1 Error or significance
level.
aromatic, n—perception resulting from stimulating the olfac-
tory receptors retronasally. (2010)
1
This terminology is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee E18 on Sensory
Evaluation and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee E18.01 on Terminology.
assessor, n—a general term for any individual responding to
Current edition approved July 15, 2023. Published August 2023. Originally
stimuli in a sensory test. (2006)
approved in 1965. Last previous edition approved in 2023 as E253 – 23. DOI:
DISCUSSION—The terms assessor, judge, panelist, panel member, and
10.1520/E0253-23A.
respondent all have the same basic meaning, although sometimes
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
different connotations. Usage of these terms varies with the training and
contact ASTM Customer Service at [e-mail]. For Annual Book of ASTM
experience of the investigator, habit, tradition, personal preference, and
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
the ASTM website. other factors.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken
...

This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
Designation: E253 − 23 E253 − 23a
Standard Terminology Relating to
1
Sensory Evaluation of Materials and Products
This standard is issued under the fixed designation E253; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Referenced Documents
2
1.1 ASTM Standards:
E284 Terminology of Appearance
2. Terminology
absolute judgment, n—an evaluation of a stimulus made without direct comparison to other stimuli. (2007)
acceptability/unacceptability, n—degree to which a stimulus is judged to be favorable or unfavorable. (2006)
acuity, n—the ability to detect or discriminate sensory stimuli. (2007)
adaptation, sensory, n—a decrease in sensitivity to a given stimulus which occurs as a result of exposure to that stimulus. (2006)
affective test, n—any method to assess acceptance, liking, preference, or emotions for a stimulus or stimuli. (2008)
after effects, n—total array of sensations that occur after removal of the stimulus from the sensing field (for example, with foods)
or after application of the stimulus (for example, with non-foods). (2008)
after feel, n—feel of the skin after application of a sample, with or without touching, usually measured at a specified time point.
(2008)
aftertaste, n—the oral or nasal sensations that occur after the stimulus has been removed from the oral cavity. (2007) (See also
after effects.)
aguesia, n—lack of sensitivity to taste stimuli. (1996)
α (alpha) risk, n—the probability of concluding that a perceptible difference exists when, in reality, one does not. (2014)
DISCUSSION—
α risk also is known as Type 1 Error or significance level.
1
This terminology is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee E18 on Sensory Evaluation and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee E18.01 on Terminology.
Current edition approved Feb. 1, 2023July 15, 2023. Published February 2023August 2023. Originally approved in 1965. Last previous edition approved in 20222023 as
E253 – 22a.E253 – 23. DOI: 10.1520/E0253-23.10.1520/E0253-23A.
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or contact ASTM Customer Service at [e-mail]. For Annual Book of ASTM Standards
volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on the ASTM website.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1

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E253 − 23a
alternative forced choice (AFC), n—method in which two, three, or more stimuli are presented, and assessors are given a
criterion by which they are required to select one stimulus. (2008)
DISCUSSION—
Typical examples include 2-AFC (directional different test) and 3-AFC (selecting the one stimulus among a set of three that differs in a defined
attribute).
alternative forced choice (AFC) test, n—method in which two, three, or more stimuli are presented, and assessors are given
a criterion by which they are required to select one stimulus. (2008)
DISCUSSION—
Typical examples include 2-AFC (directional difference test) and 3-AFC (selecting the one stimulus among a set of three that differs in a defined
attribute).
anchoring point, n—a reference point against which other items are judged. (1996)
anosmia, n—lack of sensitivity to odor stimuli. (1996)
A-not-A test, n—a method of discrimination testing comprised of at least two samples; at least one sample is a previously
identified sample (“A”) and at least one is a test sample; all samples are presented blindly, and the assessor’s task is to assign
the label “A” or “not-A” to each of the samples. (2001)
antagonism, n—joint action of two or more stimuli whose combination elicits a level of sensation lower than that expected from
combining the effects of each stimulus taken separately. (1996)
aroma, n—perception resulting from stimulating the olfactory receptors; in a broader sense, the term is sometimes used to refer
to the combination of sensations resulting from stimulation of the entire nasal cavity. (1996)
DISCUSSION—
Aroma, odor, and smell have the same basic meaning; however, in common usage they may have different connotations.
aromatic, n—perception resulting from stimulating the olfactory receptors retronasally. (2010)
assessor, n—a general term for any individual responding to stimuli in a sensory test. (2006)
DISC
...