ASTM D1831-19
(Test Method)Standard Test Method for Roll Stability of Lubricating Grease
Standard Test Method for Roll Stability of Lubricating Grease
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 The roll stability test is widely used in specifications. Test results are significant insofar as they can show a directional change in consistency that could occur in service. No accurate correlation is established between the test results and shear stability in actual service.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers determination of the changes in the consistency, as measured by cone penetration, of lubricating greases when worked in the roll stability test apparatus.
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses after SI units are provided for information only and are not considered standard.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
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Designation: D1831 − 19
Standard Test Method for
1
Roll Stability of Lubricating Grease
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D1831; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the U.S. Department of Defense.
1. Scope* 3.1.1 consistency, n—of lubricating grease, the degree of
resistance to movement under stress.
1.1 This test method covers determination of the changes in
3.1.1.1 Discussion—Thetermconsistencyisusedsomewhat
the consistency, as measured by cone penetration, of lubricat-
synonymously with penetration. Generally, consistency refers
ing greases when worked in the roll stability test apparatus.
to the worked penetration of a grease. D217
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as
3.1.2 lubricant, n—any material interposed between two
standard. The values given in parentheses after SI units are
surfaces that reduces the friction or wear between them. D4175
provided for information only and are not considered standard.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the 3.1.3 lubricating grease, n—a semi-fluid to solid product of
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the a dispersion of a thickener in a liquid lubricant.
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
3.1.3.1 Discussion—The dispersion of the thickener forms a
priate safety, health, and environmental practices and deter-
two-phase system and immobilizes the liquid lubricant by
mine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
surface tension and other physical forces. Other ingredients
1.4 This international standard was developed in accor-
imparting special properties are often included. D217
dance with internationally recognized principles on standard-
3.1.4 penetration, n—of lubricating grease, the depth that
ization established in the Decision on Principles for the
the standard cone enters the sample when released to fall under
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recom-
its own weight for 5 s. D217
mendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical
3.1.5 thickener, n—in lubricating grease, a substance com-
Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
posed of finely divided particles dispersed in a liquid lubricant
to form the product’s structure.
2. Referenced Documents
2
3.1.5.1 Discussion—The thickener can be fibers (such as
2.1 ASTM Standards:
various metallic soaps) or plates or spheres (such as certain
D217 Test Methods for Cone Penetration of Lubricating
non-soap thickeners) which are insoluble or, at the most, only
Grease
very slightly soluble in the liquid lubricant. The general
D1403 Test Methods for Cone Penetration of Lubricating
requirements are that the solid particles be extremely small,
Grease Using One-Quarter and One-Half Scale Cone
uniformlydispersed,andcapableofformingarelativelystable,
Equipment
gel-like structure with the liquid lubricant. D217
D4175 Terminology Relating to Petroleum Products, Liquid
Fuels, and Lubricants
3.1.6 worked penetration, n—of lubricating grease, the
penetration at 25 °C (77 °F), without delay, of a sample after
3. Terminology
60 double strokes in a standard grease worker. D217
3.1 Definitions:
3.1.7 working, n—of lubricating grease, the subjection of a
sample to the shearing action of the standard grease worker.
D217
1
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D02 on
3.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:
Petroleum Products, Liquid Fuels, and Lubricants and is the direct responsibility of
3.2.1 reduced-scale penetration, n—of lubricating grease,
Subcommittee D02.G0.02 on Consistency and Related Rheological Tests.
1 1
CurrenteditionapprovedMay1,2019.PublishedJuly2019.Originallyapproved
the depth in units of 0.1 mm that a ⁄4-scale cone or ⁄2-scale
in 1961. Last previous edition approved in 2018 as D1831 – 18. DOI: 10.1520/
cone penetrates the sample when released to fall under its own
D1831-19.
weight for 5 s.
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
3.2.1.1 Discussion—The term reduced-scale penetration
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
the ASTM website. used in these test methods is similar to the term penetration
*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1
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...
This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
Designation: D1831 − 18 D1831 − 19
Standard Test Method for
1
Roll Stability of Lubricating Grease
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D1831; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the U.S. Department of Defense.
1. Scope*
1.1 This test method covers determination of the changes in the consistency, as measured by cone penetration, of lubricating
greases when worked in the roll stability test apparatus.
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses after SI units are provided for
information only and are not considered standard.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility
of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of
regulatory limitations prior to use.
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization
established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued
by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
2. Referenced Documents
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
D217 Test Methods for Cone Penetration of Lubricating Grease
D1403 Test Methods for Cone Penetration of Lubricating Grease Using One-Quarter and One-Half Scale Cone Equipment
D4175 Terminology Relating to Petroleum Products, Liquid Fuels, and Lubricants
3. Terminology
3.1 Definitions:
3.1.1 consistency, n—of lubricating grease, the degree of resistance to movement under stress.
3.1.1.1 Discussion—
The term consistency is used somewhat synonymously with penetration. Generally, consistency refers to the worked penetration
of a grease. D217
3.1.2 lubricant, n—any material interposed between two surfaces that reduces the friction or wear between them. D4175
3.1.3 lubricating grease, n—a semi-fluid to solid product of a dispersion of a thickener in a liquid lubricant.
3.1.3.1 Discussion—
The dispersion of the thickener forms a two-phase system and immobilizes the liquid lubricant by surface tension and other
physical forces. Other ingredients imparting special properties are often included. D217
3.1.4 penetration, n—of lubricating grease, the depth that the standard cone enters the sample when released to fall under its
own weight for 5 s. D217
1
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D02 on Petroleum Products, Liquid Fuels, and Lubricants and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee
D02.G0.02 on Consistency and Related Rheological Tests.
Current edition approved June 1, 2018May 1, 2019. Published July 2018July 2019. Originally approved in 1961. Last previous edition approved in 20112018 as
D1831 – 11.D1831 – 18. DOI: 10.1520/D1831-18.10.1520/D1831-19.
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM Standards
volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on the ASTM website.
*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1
---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
D1831 − 19
3.1.5 thickener, n—in lubricating grease, a substance composed of finely divided particles dispersed in a liquid lubricant to form
the product’s structure.
3.1.5.1 Discussion—
The thickener can be fibers (such as various metallic soaps) or plates or spheres (such as certain non-soap thickeners) which are
insoluble or, at the most, only very slightly soluble in the liquid lubricant. The general requirements are that the solid particles be
extremely small, uniformly dispersed, and capable of forming a relatively stable, gel-like structure with the liquid lubricant. D217
3.1.6 worked penetration, n—of lubricating grease, the penetration at 25 °C (77 °F), without delay, of a sample after 60 double
strokes in a standard grease worker. D217
3.1.7 working, n—of lubricating grease, the subjection of a sample to the shearing action of the standard grease worker. D217
3
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