iTeh StandardsiTeh Standards
EURUSD
Your shopping cart is empty.
ASTM

ASTM D6253-98

(Practice)

Standard Practice for Marking of Pallets

Standard Practice for Marking of Pallets

SCOPE
1.1 This practice covers the development of uniform marking practices for pallets and aids in identifying pallets as to intended service cycles, repair, the specific specification used to manufacture the new pallet, and other user designated characteristics.  
1.2 This practice identifies new and repaired material handling pallets designed and constructed in accordance with government or industry recognized standards.

General Information

Status
Historical
Publication Date
09-Apr-1998
ICS
55.180.99 - Other standards related to freight distribution of goods
Technical Committee
D10 - Packaging
Drafting Committee
D10.12 - Shipping Containers, Crates, Pallets, Skids and Related Structures
Current Stage
Ref Project

Relations

Replaced By
ASTM D6253-05 - Standard Practice for Treatment and/or Marking of Wood Packaging Materials
Effective Date
01-Apr-2005
Referred By
ASTM D6254/D6254M-20 - Standard Specification for Wirebound Pallet-Type Wood Boxes
Effective Date
10-Apr-1998
Referred By
ASTM D6251/D6251M-19 - Standard Specification for Wood-Cleated Panelboard Shipping Boxes
Effective Date
10-Apr-1998
Referred By
ASTM D6880/D6880M-19 - Standard Specification for Wood Boxes
Effective Date
10-Apr-1998
Referred By
ASTM D6039/D6039M-18 - Standard Specification for Open and Covered Wood Crates
Effective Date
10-Apr-1998
Referred By
ASTM D6199-18a - Standard Practice for Quality of Wood Members of Containers and Pallets
Effective Date
10-Apr-1998
Referred By
ASTM D6256/D6256M-16 - Standard Specification for Wood-Cleated Shipping Boxes with Skidded, Load-Bearing Bases
Effective Date
10-Apr-1998
Referred By
ASTM D6255/D6255M-18 - Standard Specification for Steel or Aluminum Slotted Angle Crates
Effective Date
10-Apr-1998
Referred By
ASTM D7478/D7478M-11(2017) - Standard Specification for Heavy Duty Sheathed Wood Crates
Effective Date
10-Apr-1998
Referred By
ASTM D6573/D6573M-13(2020) - Standard Specification for General Purpose Wirebound Shipping Boxes
Effective Date
10-Apr-1998

Buy Standard

ASTM D6253-98 - Standard Practice for Marking of PalletsASTM D6253-98 - Standard Practice for Marking of Pallets
PreviousNext
Standard
ASTM D6253-98 - Standard Practice for Marking of Pallets
English language
2 pages
sale 15% off
Preview
sale 15% off
Preview

Standards Content (Sample)

NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn. Contact ASTM
International (www.astm.org) for the latest information.
Designation: D 6253 – 98
Standard Practice for
1
Marking of Pallets
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D 6253; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
A
TABLE 1 Pallet Intended Service Cycle Identification
1. Scope
Letter Explanation
1.1 This practice covers the development of uniform mark-
Designation
ing practices for pallets and aids in identifying pallets as to
M Multiple- use pallet
intended service cycles, repair, the specific specification used
R Repaired
to manufacture the new pallet, and other user designated
L Limited-use pallet
characteristics. A
This information may be found in ASME MH1.8 M.
1.2 This practice identifies new and repaired material han-
dling pallets designed and constructed in accordance with
3.2.4 multiple-use pallets (M), n—intended for reuse in
government or industry recognized standards.
shipping unit loads (also known as a reusable or multi-trip
pallets) (see Table 1).
2. Referenced Documents
3.2.5 repaired-pallet (R), n—describes a pallet with original
2.1 ASTM Standards:
components replaced or modified (see Table 1).
D 996 Terminology of Packaging and Distribution Environ-
2
ments
4. Significance and Use
2.2 ASME Standard:
4.1 This practice establishes the criteria to mark pallets with
3
ASME MH1.8M-1996, Part 3, Wood Pallets
permanent identification for the intended service cycle.
2.3 NFPA Standard:
4.2 The marking of the pallet shall be performed after
NFPA 704, Standard System for Identification of Hazards
ensuring the pallet complies with the applicable specification.
4
of Materials for Emergency Response
5. Requirements
3. Terminology
5.1 General pallets shall conform to a published industry or
3.1 Definitions: General definitions for the packaging and
government standard, as applicable.
distribution environments are found in Terminology D 996.
5.1.1 The following divisions under this section, detail the
3.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:
minimum marking (see Fig. 1) information to be applied to the
3.2.1 certifying agency, n—a qualified independent agency
pallet.Eachidentificationwillbeseparatedbyaspaceormark.
providing an audit service to verify the manufacturer or
The location of the minimum marking information is at the
repairer has complied with government or industry-recognized
discretion of the pallet manufacturer.
standards.
5.1.1.1 The manufacturer’s, repair company, or identifica-
3.2.2 intended service cycle, n—a marking applied to a
tion code shall be applied to the pallet, for example,ABC, 123,
materials handling pallet to identify a multiple-use or limited-
FP, CHEP.
use pallet (see 3.2.3 and 3.2.4).
5.1.1.2 A marking identifying the industry or government
3.2.3 limited-use pallets (L), n—intended for use in ship-
specification (when applicable) followed during fabrication
ping only one unit load (also known as a expendable or
shall be applied to the pallet. The marking identifying the
single-trip pallets) (see Table 1).
specification of conformance shall be coded, for example,
GMA75, NP71C, MH1.
5.1.1.3 The month and year of manufacture and repair shall
1
This practice is under the jurisdiction ofASTM Committee D-10 on Packaging
be marked, for example, 10 94, 05 94, 01 95, 01 201, 02 210.
and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D10.26 on Shipping Containers.
5.1.1.4 The intended service cycles identification code shall
Current edition approved April 10, 1998. Published November 1998.
2
Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 15.09.
be applied, for example, M, L, R.
3
Available from theAmerican Society of Mechanical Engineers, 345 E. 47th St.,
5.1.2 The following additional information may be included
New York, NY 10017.
4 in the marking of pallets by the direction of the manufacturer,
Available from the National Fire Protection Association, Batterymarch Park,
Quincy, MA 02269. repair company, or owner of the pallet.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.
1

---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn. Contact ASTM
International (www.astm.org) for the latest information.
D6253–98
TABLE 2 Pallet Material Hazard Rating Index (Location is
A
optional)
Rating Health (Blue) Flammability (Red) Reactivity (Yellow)
0 No Hazard Does not burn Stable
1 Exposure causes Must be preheated to burn No violent chemical
slight skin flash point 200° F change; unstable in
irritation or above; non hazardous heat
atmosphere
2 Long term Flash point above 100°F;
...

Questions, Comments and Discussion

Ask us and Technical Secretary will try to provide an answer. You can facilitate discussion about the standard in here.

This May Also Interest You

ASTM
ASTM D8134-18(2023)(Guide)
Standard Guide for Conducting Internal Hydrostatic Pressure Tests on United Nations (UN) IBC Design Types

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 Dangerous goods (hazardous materials) regulations require performance tests to be conducted on packaging or IBC designs before being authorized for use. The regulations do not include standardized procedures for conducting performance tests and, because of this, may result in a non-uniform approach and differences in test results between testing facilities.  
4.2 The purpose of this standard is to provide guidance and to establish a set of common practices for conducting hydrostatic pressure tests on IBC designs subjected to UN certification testing.  
4.3 Intermediate bulk container designs are required to be tested in a sequence. This guide focuses on conducting the hydrostatic pressure test, which is preceded in the test sequence by the leakproofness test. The fittings and adaptors applied to the container for the hydrostatic pressure test may also be used for the leakproofness test.
SCOPE
1.1 This guide is intended to provide a standardized method and a set of basic instructions for performing hydrostatic pressure testing on Intermediate Bulk Containers (IBCs) designs as required by the United States Department of Transportation Title 49 Code of Federal Regulations (CFR) and the United Nations Recommendations on the Transport of Dangerous Goods (UN).  
1.2 This guide focuses on composite and rigid plastic IBCs and is suitable for testing IBCs of any design or material type.  
1.3 This guide provides information to help clarify various terms used as part of the United Nations (UN) certification process that may assist in determining the applicable test.  
1.4 This guide provides the suggested minimum information that should be documented when conducting pressure testing.  
1.5 This guide provides information for recommended equipment and fittings for conducting pressure tests.  
1.6 This guide is based on the current information contained in 49 CFR 178.814.  
1.7 When testing packaging designs intended for hazardous materials (dangerous goods), the user of this guide shall be trained in accordance with 49 CFR 172.700 and other applicable hazardous materials regulations such as the International Civil Aviation Organization (ICAO) Technical Instructions for the Safe Transport of Dangerous Goods by Air, the International Maritime Dangerous Goods Code (IMDG Code), and carrier rules such as the International Air Transport Association (IATA) Dangerous Goods Regulations.  
1.8 Units—”The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. No other units of measurement are included in this guide.  
1.9 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.10 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

  • Guide
    8 pages
    English language
    sale 15% off
ASTM
ASTM D6653/D6653M-13(2021)(Test Method)
Standard Test Methods for Determining the Effects of High Altitude on Packaging Systems by Vacuum Method

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 Packaged products transported by meansn of the feeder aircraft network are liable to experience altitudes as high as 5 791 m [19 000 ft].4 When exposed to these high altitude conditions, products or packaging systems, or a combination thereof, may be affected negatively by the resultant pressure differential.  
4.2 These test methods are suitable for evaluating the effect of high altitude on packaging systems.  
4.3 These test methods are suitable for package or product, or both, development and engineering.  
4.4 Other test methods, such as Test Methods D3078, D4991 and D5094, test for leakage of packaging systems by vacuum method and are applicable for testing the effects of high altitude.
SCOPE
1.1 These test methods determine the effects of pressure differential when packaged products are transported by meansn of certain modes of transport, such as feeder aircraft or ground over high mountain passes. The results of these tests are intended to be used for qualitative purposes.  
1.2 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other. Combining values from the two systems may result in non-conformance with the standard.  
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

  • Standard
    4 pages
    English language
    sale 15% off
ASTM
ASTM D5728-12(2020)(Practice)
Standard Practices for Securement of Cargo in Intermodal and Unimodal Surface Transport

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 Numerous sources provide detailed information as to the loading, blocking, bracing, and unloading of specific types of cargo in unimodal and intermodal transport. Some of these sources are proprietary, others are massive and complex in scope, and none are consistently promulgated to shippers, carriers, and consignees. Many of the losses experienced by cargo in transport are due to the failure to practice proper basic cargo handling and loading techniques. These practices are intended to outline those techniques in simple, clear, generic, and easy to promulgate formats, including posters, slides, videotapes, and pamphlets, and are further intended to serve as the basis upon which a comprehensive cargo handling methodology may be built.  
4.2 Users of these practices should avail themselves of the detailed resource information available. The practices as defined are not sufficient to form a complete cargo handling protocol.
SCOPE
1.1 These practices are intended to serve as a guide to shippers, carriers, and consignees for load planning, loading, blocking, and bracing of intermodal and unimodal cargo in surface transport. The practices are referenced to a bibliography of information concerning the above. Hazardous materials, bulk cargo, non-containerized break bulk in ocean carriage, and transport of cargo by air are not included in these practices at this time.  
1.2 These practices shall apply to cargo in surface transport on flat bed, open top, box car, truck, van, and intermodal containers.  
1.3 The practices are intended to form a framework for the safe and effective loading and unloading of cargo in intermodal and unimodal surface transport. They are not intended to provide comprehensive detail relating to specific types of cargo, but will reference to source materials wherein such detail may be found.  
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

  • Standard
    6 pages
    English language
    sale 15% off
ASTM
ASTM D6179-20(Test Method)
Standard Test Methods for Rough Handling of Unitized Loads and Large Shipping Cases and Crates

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 These test methods will allow the user to determine integrity and stability of the load as well as provide guidance to improve the design of the shipping container or the unit load where deficiencies are found.  
4.2 Damage to products or packages observed during testing can be expected to correlate at least in a qualitative way to damage observed in actual distribution handling systems.  
4.3 The results received from shock machine testing and free fall drop testing are different for certain products. Where this test is performed to satisfy a regulatory or contractual requirement, its use is subject to approval by the agency concerned.
SCOPE
1.1 These test methods cover testing the integrity of unitized loads and large shipping cases and crates as well as the ability of the contents to endure rough handling. Not all of the test methods are applicable to all products, containers, and loads. These test methods are applicable to common means of material handling as follows:  
1.1.1 Test Method A, B, C, D, and E—Drop Test—For measuring the ability of the case or crate or unitized load to withstand rough handling impacts and provide information useful in improving the design of the container. Normally, Test Methods A and B are not applied to unitized loads.  
1.1.2 Test Method F—Tip Test—For determining if filled tall or top heavy cases, crates, or unitized loads will tip over when tilted to a predetermined angle.  
1.1.3 Method G—Tipover Test—For determining the ability of filled large shipping cases or crates to resist the impacts associated with tipover hazards, and for determining the ability of the packaging and packing methods to provide protection to the contents, when the case or crate is tipped over.
Note 1: Test Method G fulfills the requirements of ISO 8768. ISO 8768 may not meet the requirements for Test Method G.  
1.1.4 Test Method H—Rolling Test—For determining the ability of complete, filled large shipping cases or crates to withstand the effects of rolling.
Note 2: Test Method H fulfills the requirements of ISO 2876. ISO 2876 may not meet the requirements for Test Method H.  
1.2 Additional Test Procedures:  
1.2.1 Test methods for mechanical handling of unitized loads and large shipping cases and crates are set forth in Test Method D6055. Additional tests that apply to mechanical handling of unitized loads and large cases and crates include incline impact tests, described in Test Method D880 and horizontal impact tests, described in Test Methods D4003 and Test Method D5277. Test Methods D4003 includes a special pallet marshaling test and Test Methods D1185 provides test methods for pallets and related structures.  
1.2.2 Practice D4169 provides a series of options for selecting and running performance tests on all types of shipping containers and systems.  
1.3 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as the standard. The SI units given in parentheses are for information only.  
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

  • Standard
    6 pages
    English language
    sale 15% off
  • Standard
    6 pages
    English language
    sale 15% off
ASTM
ASTM D7387-20(Test Method)
Standard Test Method for Vibration Testing of Intermediate Bulk Containers (IBCs) Used for Shipping Liquid Hazardous Materials (Dangerous Goods)

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 Shipping containers are exposed to complex dynamic stresses when subjected to vibration present in transportation vehicles. Approximating the actual damage, or lack of damage, experienced in shipping may require subjecting the container(s) and contents to vibration inputs.  
4.2 Resonant responses during shipment can be severe and may lead to failure of the container and spillage or leakage of contents. Identification of critical frequencies and the nature of package stresses can aid in minimizing the effect of these occurrences.  
4.3 This vibration test method is used for the qualification of IBCs in CFR 49 and has demonstrated successful use in transportation.  
4.4 Exposure to vibration can affect the shipping container, its means of closure, and its contents. This test method allows analysis of the interaction of these components. Design modification to one or more of these components may be utilized to achieve optimum performance in the shipping environment.  
4.5 This test method is suitable for individual filled containers that are transported unrestrained on the bed of a vehicle.  
4.6 This test method is not intended for testing intermediate bulk containers at a frequency that causes the container to go into resonance.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers vibration testing of filled intermediate bulk containers (IBCs) intended to contain liquid hazardous materials (dangerous goods) and is suitable for testing IBCs of any design or material type. This test method is required as part of the qualification of IBCs in accordance with the United States Department of Transportation Title 49 Code of Federal Regulations (CFR) and the United Nations Recommendations on the Transport of Dangerous Goods (UN).  
1.2 This test method is appropriate for testing IBCs ranging from 450 to 3000 L (119 to 793 gal). Packagings of smaller sizes should be tested using Test Method D999 or other applicable methods.  
1.3 The ISO 2247 standard may not meet the requirements for this test method.  
1.4 This test method is based on the current information contained in 49 CFR, §178.819.  
1.5 This test method is used to determine that the IBC maintains integrity and to prevent leakage or spillage of contents during shipping. This test method may also be used as a screening tool or as a design qualification test. Other vibration methods are available to more closely simulate vibration experienced in actual transportation.  
1.6 When testing packaging designs intended for hazardous materials (dangerous goods), the user of this test method shall be trained in accordance with 49 CFR §172.700 and other applicable hazardous materials regulations such as the ICAO Technical Instructions, IMDG Code, and carrier rules such as the IATA Dangerous Goods Regulations.  
1.7 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only.  
1.8 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. Specific precautionary statements are given in Section 6.  
1.9 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

  • Standard
    5 pages
    English language
    sale 15% off
  • Standard
    5 pages
    English language
    sale 15% off
ASTM
ASTM D6055-96(2019)(Test Method)
Standard Test Methods for Mechanical Handling of Unitized Loads and Large Shipping Cases and Crates

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 These test methods are designed for use in most cases with the actual equipment to be used in load handling.  
4.2 These test methods may be used in evaluating the shipping unit as to suitability for mechanical handling by standard user-specified load-handling equipment.  
4.3 These test methods will allow the user to determine integrity and stability of the load as well as provide guidance to improve the design of the unit load where deficiencies are found.  
4.4 Damage to products or packages observed during testing may be expected to correlate at least in a qualitative way to damage observed in actual distribution handling systems.
SCOPE
1.1 These test methods are suitable for testing the integrity of unitized loads and large cases and crates, but not individual drums or palletized drums, as well as the ability of the contents to endure normal handling, using standard mechanical handling equipment. Not all of the test methods are applicable to all products containers and loads. These test methods are applicable to common means of material handling, including pull pack, clamp truck, and spade lift-type handling equipment as follows:  
1.1.1 Test Method A—Fork Truck Handling—For testing the ability of the shipping unit to withstand repeated handlings by this test method.  
1.1.2 Test Method B—Spade Lift Test—For lifting by spade lift attachment to determine the ability of the handling flap of the case or shipping unit to withstand repeated lifting and handling by this test method.  
1.1.3 Test Method C—Clamp Handling Test—For lifting by hydraulic clamp attachment, to determine the ability of the shipping unit to withstand squeeze clamp handling consisting of repeated side compression and lifting.  
1.1.4 Test Method D—Push-Pull Handling Test—For testing the ability of a unitized load on a slip-sheet to withstand repeated handling by this test method.  
1.1.5 Test Method E—Grabhook Test—For lifting by grabhooks to determine the ability of the shipping unit to withstand the horizontal pressures of grabhooks.  
1.1.6 Test Method F—Sling Tests—For lifting by wire rope, cable, or woven fiber slings to determine the ability of the shipping unit to withstand the compression of slings.  
1.2 Additional Test Methods:  
1.2.1 Additional test methods that apply to mechanical handling and rough handling tests of unitized loads and large cases and crates include incline impact tests, described in Test Method D880; horizontal impact tests, described in Test Method D4003.  
1.2.2 Practice D4169 provides a series of options for selecting and running performance tests on all types of shipping containers and systems.  
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

  • Standard
    5 pages
    English language
    sale 15% off
ASTM
ASTM D6253-16(Practice)
Standard Practice for Treatment and/or Marking of Wood Packaging Materials

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 This practice establishes the criteria to treat, or mark, or both WPM with permanent identification for the phytosanitary treatment, or intended service cycle, or both, repair, specification used, and other designated characteristics.  
4.2 The marking of the WPM shall be performed after ensuring the material complies with the applicable specification.
SCOPE
1.1 This practice covers the development of recommended treatment, or marking practices, or both, for wood packaging materials (WPM) and aids in identifying WPM as to phytosanitary treatment, intended service cycles, repair, the specific specification used to manufacture or recycle, and other user designated characteristics.  
1.2 This practice identifies WPM treated, or marked, or both in accordance with industry, government, or international recognized standards.  
1.3 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.  
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

  • Standard
    6 pages
    English language
    sale 15% off
  • Standard
    6 pages
    English language
    sale 15% off
ASTM
ASTM D8134-18(2023)(Guide)
Standard Guide for Conducting Internal Hydrostatic Pressure Tests on United Nations (UN) IBC Design Types

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 Dangerous goods (hazardous materials) regulations require performance tests to be conducted on packaging or IBC designs before being authorized for use. The regulations do not include standardized procedures for conducting performance tests and, because of this, may result in a non-uniform approach and differences in test results between testing facilities.  
4.2 The purpose of this standard is to provide guidance and to establish a set of common practices for conducting hydrostatic pressure tests on IBC designs subjected to UN certification testing.  
4.3 Intermediate bulk container designs are required to be tested in a sequence. This guide focuses on conducting the hydrostatic pressure test, which is preceded in the test sequence by the leakproofness test. The fittings and adaptors applied to the container for the hydrostatic pressure test may also be used for the leakproofness test.
SCOPE
1.1 This guide is intended to provide a standardized method and a set of basic instructions for performing hydrostatic pressure testing on Intermediate Bulk Containers (IBCs) designs as required by the United States Department of Transportation Title 49 Code of Federal Regulations (CFR) and the United Nations Recommendations on the Transport of Dangerous Goods (UN).  
1.2 This guide focuses on composite and rigid plastic IBCs and is suitable for testing IBCs of any design or material type.  
1.3 This guide provides information to help clarify various terms used as part of the United Nations (UN) certification process that may assist in determining the applicable test.  
1.4 This guide provides the suggested minimum information that should be documented when conducting pressure testing.  
1.5 This guide provides information for recommended equipment and fittings for conducting pressure tests.  
1.6 This guide is based on the current information contained in 49 CFR 178.814.  
1.7 When testing packaging designs intended for hazardous materials (dangerous goods), the user of this guide shall be trained in accordance with 49 CFR 172.700 and other applicable hazardous materials regulations such as the International Civil Aviation Organization (ICAO) Technical Instructions for the Safe Transport of Dangerous Goods by Air, the International Maritime Dangerous Goods Code (IMDG Code), and carrier rules such as the International Air Transport Association (IATA) Dangerous Goods Regulations.  
1.8 Units—”The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. No other units of measurement are included in this guide.  
1.9 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.10 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

  • Guide
    8 pages
    English language
    sale 15% off
ASTM
ASTM D6653/D6653M-13(2021)(Test Method)
Standard Test Methods for Determining the Effects of High Altitude on Packaging Systems by Vacuum Method

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 Packaged products transported by meansn of the feeder aircraft network are liable to experience altitudes as high as 5 791 m [19 000 ft].4 When exposed to these high altitude conditions, products or packaging systems, or a combination thereof, may be affected negatively by the resultant pressure differential.  
4.2 These test methods are suitable for evaluating the effect of high altitude on packaging systems.  
4.3 These test methods are suitable for package or product, or both, development and engineering.  
4.4 Other test methods, such as Test Methods D3078, D4991 and D5094, test for leakage of packaging systems by vacuum method and are applicable for testing the effects of high altitude.
SCOPE
1.1 These test methods determine the effects of pressure differential when packaged products are transported by meansn of certain modes of transport, such as feeder aircraft or ground over high mountain passes. The results of these tests are intended to be used for qualitative purposes.  
1.2 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other. Combining values from the two systems may result in non-conformance with the standard.  
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

  • Standard
    4 pages
    English language
    sale 15% off
ASTM
ASTM D6179-20(Test Method)
Standard Test Methods for Rough Handling of Unitized Loads and Large Shipping Cases and Crates

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 These test methods will allow the user to determine integrity and stability of the load as well as provide guidance to improve the design of the shipping container or the unit load where deficiencies are found.  
4.2 Damage to products or packages observed during testing can be expected to correlate at least in a qualitative way to damage observed in actual distribution handling systems.  
4.3 The results received from shock machine testing and free fall drop testing are different for certain products. Where this test is performed to satisfy a regulatory or contractual requirement, its use is subject to approval by the agency concerned.
SCOPE
1.1 These test methods cover testing the integrity of unitized loads and large shipping cases and crates as well as the ability of the contents to endure rough handling. Not all of the test methods are applicable to all products, containers, and loads. These test methods are applicable to common means of material handling as follows:  
1.1.1 Test Method A, B, C, D, and E—Drop Test—For measuring the ability of the case or crate or unitized load to withstand rough handling impacts and provide information useful in improving the design of the container. Normally, Test Methods A and B are not applied to unitized loads.  
1.1.2 Test Method F—Tip Test—For determining if filled tall or top heavy cases, crates, or unitized loads will tip over when tilted to a predetermined angle.  
1.1.3 Method G—Tipover Test—For determining the ability of filled large shipping cases or crates to resist the impacts associated with tipover hazards, and for determining the ability of the packaging and packing methods to provide protection to the contents, when the case or crate is tipped over.
Note 1: Test Method G fulfills the requirements of ISO 8768. ISO 8768 may not meet the requirements for Test Method G.  
1.1.4 Test Method H—Rolling Test—For determining the ability of complete, filled large shipping cases or crates to withstand the effects of rolling.
Note 2: Test Method H fulfills the requirements of ISO 2876. ISO 2876 may not meet the requirements for Test Method H.  
1.2 Additional Test Procedures:  
1.2.1 Test methods for mechanical handling of unitized loads and large shipping cases and crates are set forth in Test Method D6055. Additional tests that apply to mechanical handling of unitized loads and large cases and crates include incline impact tests, described in Test Method D880 and horizontal impact tests, described in Test Methods D4003 and Test Method D5277. Test Methods D4003 includes a special pallet marshaling test and Test Methods D1185 provides test methods for pallets and related structures.  
1.2.2 Practice D4169 provides a series of options for selecting and running performance tests on all types of shipping containers and systems.  
1.3 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as the standard. The SI units given in parentheses are for information only.  
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

  • Standard
    6 pages
    English language
    sale 15% off
  • Standard
    6 pages
    English language
    sale 15% off