ASTM F1494-03(2011)
(Terminology)Standard Terminology Relating to Protective Clothing
Standard Terminology Relating to Protective Clothing
SCOPE
1.1 This standard defines the specialized terms used in standards developed by Committee F23 on Protective Clothing.
1.2 Definitions of Terms, which were drafted for use only in a single standard, are also included for convenient reference. Under ASTM rules they may become full definitions in the future, if they are used in additional standards.
1.3 Additional terminology relevant to protective clothing and to the components of protective clothing can be found in Terminology D123, D1566, and D4805.
General Information
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Standards Content (Sample)
NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.
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Designation: F1494 − 03(Reapproved 2011)
Standard Terminology Relating to
Protective Clothing
This standard is issued under the fixed designation F1494; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope F1154 Practices for Qualitatively Evaluating the Comfort,
Fit, Function, and Durability of Protective Ensembles and
1.1 This standard defines the specialized terms used in
Ensemble Components
standards developed by Committee F23 on Protective Cloth-
F1291 Test Method for Measuring the Thermal Insulation of
ing.
Clothing Using a Heated Manikin
1.2 Definitions ofTerms, which were drafted for use only in
F1358 Test Method for Effects of Flame Impingement on
a single standard, are also included for convenient reference.
Materials Used in Protective Clothing Not Designated
Under ASTM rules they may become full definitions in the
Primarily for Flame Resistance
future, if they are used in additional standards.
F1359 Test Method for Liquid Penetration Resistance of
Protective Clothing or Protective Ensembles Under a
1.3 Additional terminology relevant to protective clothing
and to the components of protective clothing can be found in Shower Spray While on a Mannequin
F1383 Test Method for Permeation of Liquids and Gases
Terminology D123, D1566, and D4805.
throughProtectiveClothingMaterialsunderConditionsof
Intermittent Contact
2. Referenced Documents
2 F1407 Test Method for Resistance of Chemical Protective
2.1 ASTM Standards:
Clothing Materials to Liquid Permeation—Permeation
D123 Terminology Relating to Textiles
Cup Method
D1566 Terminology Relating to Rubber
F1414 Test Method for Measurement of Cut Resistance to
D4805 Terminology for Plastics Standards (Withdrawn
3 Chain Saw in Lower Body (Legs) Protective Clothing
2002)
F1449 Guide for Industrial Laundering of Flame, Thermal,
F739 Test Method for Permeation of Liquids and Gases
and Arc Resistant Clothing
throughProtectiveClothingMaterialsunderConditionsof
F1458 Test Method for Measurement of Cut Resistance to
Continuous Contact
Chain Saw of Foot Protective Devices
F955 Test Method for Evaluating Heat Transfer through
F1461 Practice for Chemical Protective Clothing Program
Materials for Protective Clothing Upon Contact with
F1670 Test Method for Resistance of Materials Used in
Molten Substances
Protective Clothing to Penetration by Synthetic Blood
F1001 Guide for Selection of Chemicals to Evaluate Protec-
F1671 Test Method for Resistance of Materials Used in
tive Clothing Materials
Protective Clothing to Penetration by Blood-Borne Patho-
F1002 Performance Specification for Protective Clothing for
gens Using Phi-X174 Bacteriophage Penetration as a Test
Use by Workers Exposed to Specific Molten Substances
System
and Related Thermal Hazards
F1731 Practice for Body Measurements and Sizing of Fire
F1060 Test Method for Thermal Protective Performance of
and Rescue Services Uniforms and OtherThermal Hazard
Materials for Protective Clothing for Hot Surface Contact
Protective Clothing
F1818 SpecificationforFootProtectionforChainSawUsers
1 3. Terminology
This terminology is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee F23 on
Personal Protective Clothing and Equipment and is the direct responsibility of
3.1 Definitions:
Subcommittee F23.91 on Editorial.
after-flame time, n—the length of time for which a material
Current edition approved Feb. 1, 2011. Published March 2011. Originally
approved in 1993. Last previous edition approved in 2003 as F1494 – 03. DOI:
continues to flame after the ignition source has been
10.1520/F1494-03R11.
removed. (F23.20) F1358
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
afterglow, n—a glow in a material after the removal of an
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
external ignition source or after the cessation (natural or
the ASTM website.
induced) of flaming of the material (see also glow). (F23.20)
The last approved version of this historical standard is referenced on
www.astm.org. F1358
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
F1494 − 03 (2011)
agar, n—a semisolid culture medium used to support the allows the molten substance to pass through the material.
growth of bacteria and other micro-organisms. (F23.40) (F23.80) F955
F1671
breakthrough detection time, n—the elapsed time measured
analytical detection limit, n—a number, expressed in units of
from the start of the test to the sampling time that immedi-
concentration (or amount), that describes the lowest concen-
ately precedes the sampling time at which the test chemical
tration level (or amount) that an analyst can determine to be
is first detected. (F23.30) F739, F1383
different from an analytical blank (background level).
buddy system, n—a means of organizing employee work
(F23.70) F1461
groups whereby each participant is matched with another so
analytical technique, n—a procedure whereby the concentra-
that prompt assistance can be rendered in the case of any
tion of the test chemical in a collection medium is quantita-
emergency. (F23.70) F1461
tively determined. (F23.30) F739
burn distance, n—the measurement from the bottom edge of
anisotropic, adj—having different values for a specific prop-
the specimen to the farthest point that shows evidence of
erty in different directions. (F23.20) F1358
damage due to combustion. (F23.20) F1358
armhole, n—in garment construction, the area of a garment
burning behavior, n—all the changes that take place when
throughwhichthearmpassesorintowhichasleeveisfitted.
materials or products are exposed to a specified ignition
(See armscye. ) (F23.60) F1731
source. (F23.20) F1358
armscye, n—in garment construction, the opening in a gar-
bust girth, n—in body measurement, the circumference of the
ment for the attachment of a fitted sleeve. (See armhole.)
body over the fullest part of the breasts and parallel to the
(F23.60) F1731
floor. (See chest girth.) (F23.60) F1731
aseptic, adj—sterile, free from viable microbiological
care and maintenance, n—effective cleaning to remove soil
contamination. (F23.40) F1671
and maximize use life of garments while maintaining (not
assay, n—analysis of a mixture to determine the presence or removing) protective properties. (F23.80) F1449
concentration of a particular component. (F23.40) F1671
centerline, n—in foot protective devices, a line which extends
assay fluid, n—a sterile liquid used to wash the test specimen
from the toe of the footwear horizontally along the sole to
surface to determine microbiological penetration. (F23.40)
the heel vertically to the top of the footwear, and diagonally
F1671
to the point of intersection at the toe. (F23.20) F1458
authority having jurisdiction, n—the organization, office, or
certification, n—a system whereby an organization determines
individual responsible for approving any equipment,
that a manufacturer has demonstrated the ability to make a
installation, or procedure. (F23.20) F1818
product that complies with the requirements of the
specification, authorizes the manufacturer to use a label on
back waist length, n—in body measurements, the vertical
products that comply with the requirements of the
distance along the spine from the cervical to the waist.
specification,andconductsafollow-upprogramtoverifythe
(F23.60) F1731
methods the manufacturer uses to determine compliance
bacteriophage, n—a type of virus which infects bacteria.
with the requirements of this specification. (F23.20) F1818
(F23.40) F1671
certification organization, n—an independent, third party
bartack, n—in garment construction,areinforcementatpoints
organization that determines product compliance with the
of strain. (F23.60) F1731
requirements of the specification with a labeling and listing
follow-up program. (F23.20) F1818
biological monitoring, n—the chemical analysis of chemicals
or metabolites, or both, from a worker’s blood, urine,
cervical, n—in body measurements, the most prominent bone
fingernails, sweat, breath, and so forth. (F23.70) F1461
at the base of the neck. (F23.60) F1731
body dimension, n—in garment construction,abodymeasure-
chain saw, n—a portable power operated tool used for cutting
ment which can be used to build a sizing system or to select
wood which has cutters linked in a chain. (F23.20) F1414,
an appropriately sized garment. (F23.60) F1731
F1458
body fluid simulant, n—a liquid which is used to act as a
chain speed, n—the velocity of synchronized movement of
model for human body liquids. (F23.40) F1670, F1671
linked cutters around a bar and sprocket. (F23.20) F1414,
F1458
body measurement, n—in anthropometry, a standardized
distance between two specified points on the human
chainstop, n—for chainsaw cut resistance, the resulting action
anatomy. (F23.60) F1731
when a material clogs (jams) the drive sprocket or slows the
break-open—intestingthermalprotectivematerial,aresponse speed sufficiently to prevent advancement of the chain saw.
evidenced by the formation of a hole in the material, which (F23.20) F1414, F1458, F1818
F1494 − 03 (2011)
challenge chemical—a chemical used to contact a protective cumulative permeation, n—the total mass of chemical that
clothing material sample to determine chemical/protective permeates during a specified time from when the material is
clothing material interactions or compatibility. (F23.30) first contacted. (F23.30) F1383, F1407
F1001
cut resistance, n—in chainsaw testing, the ability of a
challenge suspension, n—a liquid containing an agent that is
material,whileincontactwiththelinkedcutters,toresistcut
used to test the penetration resistance of materials. (F23.40)
through of the cutters of a moving saw chain, independent of
F1671
either jamming or chain stop. (F23.20) F1414, F1458,
F1818.
charring—the formation of a carbonaceous residue as the
result of pyrolysis or incomplete combustion. (F23.80)
cut-through time, n—for chainsaw cut resistance, the time
F1060
required for a running chainsaw to effect complete break-
through of a protective garment or protective device.
chemical protective clothing (CPC), n—any material or
(F23.20) F1414, F1458, F1818
combination of materials used in an item of clothing for the
purpose of isolating parts of the body from direct contact
cycle time, n—in an intermittent contact test, the interval of
with a potentially hazardous chemical. (F23.70) F1461
time from the start of one contact period to the start of the
next contact period. (F23.30) F1383
chemical-protective suit ensemble—the combination of a
chemical-protective suit (totally encapsulating, splash-
decontamination, n—the removal of a contaminant or con-
protective) with the wearer’s respiratory protective
taminants from the surface or matrix, or both, of CPC to the
equipment,gloves,boots,communicationssystem,andcool-
extent necessary for its next intended action (for example,
ing device, or some combination of those. (F23.50) F1154,
reuse and disposal). (F23.70) F1461
F1359
dripping—in testing thermal protective material, a response
chest, n—in garment construction, a measurement taken from
evidenced by flowing of the fiber polymer. (F23.80) F955
below each armhole seam straight across the garment while
it is laid flat. (F23.60) F1731
ease, n—in garment construction, the difference between
garment measurement and body measurement. (F23.60)
chest girth, n— in body measurements, the circumference of
F1731
the body over the shoulder blades, under the arms and across
the upper chest. (See bust girth.) (F23.60) F1731
elastomer, n—a term often used for rubber and polymers that
have properties similar to rubber. (F23.70) F1461
clo, n—a unit of thermal resistance (insulation) equal to 0.155
K-m /W. (F23.60) F1291
elbow, n—in anatomy, the joint that articulates between the
DISCUSSION—The value of the clo was selected as roughly the
upper arm and the lower arm. (F23.60) F1731
insulation value of typical indoor clothing, which should keep a resting
man (producing heat at the rate of 58 W/m ) comfortable in an
embrittlement—theformationofabrittleresidueasaresultof
environment at 21°C, air movement 0.1 m/s.
pyrolysis or incomplete combustion. (F23.80) F955, F1060,
closed-loop, adj—refers to a testing mode in which the
F1358
collection medium volume is fixed. (F23.30) F739, F1383
end user, n—for the purpose of this guide, this term is used to
clothing ensemble, n—a group of garments worn together on
identify specifically the party requiring protective clothing
the body at the same time. (F23.60) F1291
(for example, the employer of the person wearing the
garment). (F23.80) F1449
collection medium, n—a liquid or gas that does not affect the
measuredpermeationandinwhichthetestchemicalisfreely
Fick’s laws of diffusion, n—mathematical descriptions of the
solubleoradsorbedtoasaturationconcentrationgreaterthan
movement of one type of molecule through another.
0.5 weight or volume percent. (F23.30) F1383
(F23.70) F1461
combustion, n—a chemical process of oxidation that occurs at
finish, n—a chemical or mechanical modification, or both, of
a rate fast enough to produce heat and usually light either as
the fabric for a specific performance result. (F23.80) F1449
glow or flames. (F23.20) F1358
finishing technique, n—as applies to laundry and dry cleaning
contact time, n— in an intermittent contact test, the duration
procedures, the mechanical means by which the garment is
during each cycle that the challenge side chamber of the
put in its final state (for example, pressing, drying, wrinkle
permeation cell is filled with the test chemical. (F23.30)
removal, and so forth). (F23.80) F1449
F1383
fit, n—the quality, state or manner in which the length and
crotch, n—in anatomy, the body area adjacent to the vertex of
closenessofclothing,whenworn,relatestothehumanbody.
the included angle between the legs. (F23.60) F1731
(F23.60) F1731
cuff, n—in garment construction, a finished edge at the end of
eitheragarmentsleeveortrouserlegcreatedbyturningback flame, n—as related to ignition of textiles, a controlled hot
or rolling up and stitching the fabric. (F23.60) F1731 luminous zone of gas or matter in gaseous suspension, or
F1494 − 03 (2011)
both, of constant size and shape that is undergoing combus- hip girth, n—in body measurements, the maximum circumfer-
tion as evidenced by a low-intensity heat source of less than ence of t
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