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ASTM C942-99(2004)

(Test Method)

Standard Test Method for Compressive Strength of Grouts for Preplaced-Aggregate Concrete in the Laboratory

Standard Test Method for Compressive Strength of Grouts for Preplaced-Aggregate Concrete in the Laboratory

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
This test method affords a means for determining the compressive strength of grouts that expand and, in use, harden under conditions of partial to total restraint.  
It is particularly applicable for determining the effect on compressive strength of grout fluidifier to be used with grout for PA concrete (See Specification C 937).
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the determination of the compressive strength of hydraulic cement grout for preplaced-aggregate (PA) concrete.  
1.2 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety problems, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.3 The values in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard.

General Information

Status
Historical
Publication Date
09-Jan-1999
ICS
91.100.30 - Concrete and concrete products
Technical Committee
C09 - Concrete and Concrete Aggregates
Drafting Committee
C09.41 - Hydraulic Cement Grouts
Current Stage
Ref Project

Relations

Replaces
ASTM C942-99 - Standard Test Method for Compressive Strength of Grouts for Preplaced-Aggregate Concrete in the Laboratory
Effective Date
10-Jan-1999
Replaced By
ASTM C942-10 - Standard Test Method for Compressive Strength of Grouts for Preplaced-Aggregate Concrete in the Laboratory
Effective Date
15-Jun-2010
Referred By
ASTM F1698-21 - Standard Practice for Installation of Poly(Vinyl Chloride)(PVC) Profile Strip Liner and Cementitious Grout for Rehabilitation of Existing Man-Entry Sewers and Conduits
Effective Date
10-Jan-1999
Referred By
ASTM C938-19 - Standard Practice for Proportioning Grout Mixtures for Preplaced-Aggregate Concrete
Effective Date
10-Jan-1999

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ASTM C942-99(2004) - Standard Test Method for Compressive Strength of Grouts for Preplaced-Aggregate Concrete in the LaboratoryASTM C942-99(2004) - Standard Test Method for Compressive Strength of Grouts for Preplaced-Aggregate Concrete in the Laboratory
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ASTM C942-99(2004) - Standard Test Method for Compressive Strength of Grouts for Preplaced-Aggregate Concrete in the Laboratory
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NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information
Designation:C942–99(Reapproved2004)
Standard Test Method for
Compressive Strength of Grouts for Preplaced-Aggregate
Concrete in the Laboratory
This standard is issued under the fixed designation C942; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the Department of Defense.
1. Scope 4. Significance and Use
1.1 This test method covers the determination of the com- 4.1 This test method affords a means for determining the
pressive strength of hydraulic cement grout for preplaced- compressive strength of grouts that expand and, in use, harden
aggregate (PA) concrete. under conditions of partial to total restraint.
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as 4.2 It is particularly applicable for determining the effect on
standard. compressive strength of grout fluidifier to be used with grout
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the for PA concrete (See Specification C937).
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
5. Apparatus
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica- 5.1 Scales, masses, sieves, glass graduates, and three-gang
molds, for 2-in. (or 50-mm) cube specimens, baseplates,
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.
trowel, and testing machine as specified in Test Method
2. Referenced Documents
C109/C109M.
2.1 ASTM Standards: 5.2 Plates, to cover specimen molds, capable of supporting
C31/C31M Practice for Making and Curing Concrete Test the weight or being held down by C-clamps, as described in
Specimens in the Field 9.3.
C109/C109M Test Method for Compressive Strength of 5.3 Mass of 7 kg (or 15 lb) or C-clamps, for holding down
Hydraulic Cement Mortars (Using 2-in. or [50-mm] Cube the cover plates.
Specimens)
6. Temperature and Humidity
C937 Specification for Grout Fluidifier for Preplaced-
6.1 Temperature and humidity conditions for tests per-
Aggregate Concrete
C938 Practice for Proportioning Grout Mixtures for formed in the laboratory shall be in accordance with Test
Method C109/C109M unless otherwise specified.
Preplaced-Aggregate Concrete
C939 Test Method for Flow of Grout for Preplaced- 6.2 Temperature and humidity conditions for tests per-
formed in the field shall be as prescribed for curing cylinders
Aggregate Concrete (Flow Cone Method)
in Practice C31/C31M.
3. Summary of Test Method
7. Sampling
3.1 Compressive strength of hardened grout is determined
using top-restrained cubes as defined in Test Method C109/ 7.1 The test sample shall consist of approximately 1500 mL
ofgroutandshallberepresentativeofthematerialinthemixer.
C109M.
7.2 Grout proportioned at the mixer from hydraulic ce-
ment(s) with or without other materials shall be mixed in
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee C09 on
accordance with Specification C937.
Concrete and ConcreteAggregates and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee
7.3 Packaged grouts requiring only the addition of water or
C09.41 on Hydraulic Cement Grouts.
Current edition approved Nov. 1, 2004. Published December 2004. Originally
other fluid shall be mixed in accordance with the manufactur-
approved in 1981. Last previous edition approved in 1999 as C942–99. DOI:
er’s printed recommendations.
10.1520/C0942-99R04.
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
the ASTM website.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.
C942–99 (2004)
8. Preparation of Specimen Molds 10.1.2 Store field specimens and cure in accordance with
Curing Cylinders of Practice C31/C31M.
8.1 Prepare th
...

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ASTM C31/C31M-24a(Practice)
Standard Practice for Making and Curing Concrete Test Specimens in the Field

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 This practice provides standardized requirements for making, and curing test specimens in the field. This practice also provides requirements for transporting test specimens to the laboratory, and for curing test specimens in the laboratory. Depending on their purpose, test specimens are either standard-cured, or field-cured.  
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1.1 This practice covers procedures for making and curing cylinder and beam specimens from representative samples of fresh concrete for a construction project.  
1.2 This practice is not intended for making specimens from concrete not having measurable slump or requiring other sizes or shapes of specimens.  
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1.4 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other. Combining values from the two systems may result in non-conformance with the standard.  
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ASTM C94/C94M-24a(Specification)
Standard Specification for Ready-Mixed Concrete

ABSTRACT
This specification covers ready-mixed concrete manufactured and delivered to a purchaser in freshly mixed and unhardened state as hereinafter specified. Requirements for quality of concrete shall be either as hereinafter specified or as specified by the purchase. In any case where the requirements of the purchaser differ from these in this specification, the purchaser's specification shall govern. In the absence of designated applicable materials specifications, materials specifications specified shall be used for cementitious materials, hydraulic cement, supplementary cementitious materials, cementitious concrete mixtures, aggregates, air-entraining admixtures, and chemical admixtures. Except as otherwise specifically permitted, cement, aggregate, and admixtures shall be measured by mass. Mixers will be stationary mixers or truck mixers. Agitators will be truck mixers or truck agitators. Test methods for compression, air content, slump, temperature shall be performed. For s strength test, at least two standard test specimens shall be made.
SCOPE
1.1 This specification covers ready-mixed concrete as defined in 3.2.2 (Note 1). Requirements for quality of ready-mixed concrete shall be either as stated in this specification or as ordered by the purchaser. When the purchaser’s requirements, as stated in the order, differ from those in this specification, the purchaser’s requirements shall govern. This specification does not cover the placement, consolidation, curing, or protection of the concrete after delivery to the purchaser.
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ASTM C989/C989M-24(Specification)
Standard Specification for Slag Cement for Use in Concrete and Mortars

ABSTRACT
This specification covers three strength grades of finely ground granulated blast-furnace slag (Grades 80, 100, and 120) for use as a cementitious material in concrete and mortars. The slag shall contain no additions and shall conform to the sulfide sulfur and sulfate chemical composition requirement. Physical properties of the slag shall be in accordance with the requirements for fineness as determined by air permeability and air content, slag activity index, and compressive strength.
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1.1 This specification covers slag cement for use as a cementitious material in concrete and mortar.  
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ASTM C231/C231M-24(Test Method)
Standard Test Method for Air Content of Freshly Mixed Concrete by the Pressure Method

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
3.1 This test method covers the determination of the air content of freshly mixed concrete. The test determines the air content of freshly mixed concrete exclusive of any air that may exist inside voids within aggregate particles. For this reason, it is applicable to concrete made with relatively dense aggregate particles and requires determination of the aggregate correction factor (see 6.1 and 9.1).  
3.2 This test method and Test Method C138/C138M and C173/C173M provide pressure, gravimetric, and volumetric procedures, respectively, for determining the air content of freshly mixed concrete. The pressure procedure of this test method gives substantially the same air contents as the other two test methods for concretes made with dense aggregates.  
3.3 The air content of hardened concrete may be either higher or lower than that determined by this test method. This depends upon the methods and amount of consolidation effort applied to the concrete from which the hardened concrete specimen is taken; uniformity and stability of the air bubbles in the fresh and hardened concrete; accuracy of the microscopic examination, if used; time of comparison; environmental exposure; stage in the delivery, placement and consolidation processes at which the air content of the unhardened concrete is determined, that is, before or after the concrete goes through a pump; and other factors.
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ASTM C311/C311M-24(Test Method)
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SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 These test methods are used to develop data for comparison with the requirements of Specification C618 or Specification C1697. These test methods are based on standardized testing in the laboratory and are not intended to simulate job conditions.  
4.1.1 Strength Activity Index—The test for strength activity index is used to determine whether coal ash or natural pozzolan results in an acceptable level of strength development when used in concrete. Since the test is performed with mortar, the results may not provide a direct correlation of how the coal ash or natural pozzolan will contribute to strength in concrete.  
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SCOPE
1.1 These test methods cover procedures for sampling and testing coal ash and raw or calcined pozzolans for use in concrete.  
1.2 The procedures appear in the following order:    
Sections  
Sampling  
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CHEMICAL ANALYSIS  
Reagents and apparatus  
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Moisture content  
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Loss on ignition  
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oxide  
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Available alkali  
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Ammonia  
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PHYSICAL TESTS  
Density  
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Fineness  
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Increase of drying shrinkage of mortar bars  
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Soundness  
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Air-entrainment of mortar  
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Strength activity index  
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Water requirement  
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Effectiveness of Coal Ash or Natural Pozzolan in
Controlling Alkali-Silica Reactions  
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Effectiveness of Coal Ash or Natural Pozzolan in
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34  
1.3 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system are not necessarily exact equivalents; therefore, to ensure conformance with the standard, each system shall be used independently of the other, and values from the two systems shall not be combined.
Note 1: Sieve size is identified by its standard designation in Specification E11. The alternative designation given in parentheses is for information only and does not represent a different standard sieve size.  
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
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ASTM C173/C173M-24(Test Method)
Standard Test Method for Air Content of Freshly Mixed Concrete by the Volumetric Method

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 This test method covers the determination of the air content of freshly mixed concrete. It measures the air contained in the mortar fraction of the concrete, but is not affected by air that may be present inside porous aggregate particles.  
4.1.1 Therefore, this is the appropriate test to determine the air content of concretes containing lightweight aggregates, air-cooled slag, and highly porous or vesicular natural aggregates.  
4.2 This test method requires the addition of sufficient isopropyl alcohol, when the meter is initially being filled with water, so that after the first or subsequent rollings little or no foam collects in the neck of the top section of the meter. If more foam is present than that equivalent to 2 % air above the water level, the test is declared invalid and must be repeated using a larger quantity of alcohol. Addition of alcohol to dispel foam any time after the initial filling of the meter to the zero mark is not permitted.  
4.3 The air content of hardened concrete may be either higher or lower than that determined by this test method. This depends upon the methods and amounts of consolidation effort applied to the concrete from which the hardened concrete specimen is taken; uniformity and stability of the air bubbles in the fresh and hardened concrete; accuracy of the microscopic examination, if used; time of comparison; environmental exposure; stage in the delivery, placement and consolidation processes at which the air content of the unhardened concrete is determined, that is, before or after the concrete goes through a pump; and other factors.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers determination of the air content of freshly mixed concrete containing any type of aggregate, whether it be dense, cellular, or lightweight.  
1.2 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The inch-pound units are shown in brackets. The values stated in each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other. Combining values from the two systems may result in non-conformance with the standard.  
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ASTM C512/C512M-24(Test Method)
Standard Test Method for Creep of Concrete in Compression

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 This test method measures the load-induced time-dependent compressive strain at selected ages for concrete under an arbitrary set of controlled environmental conditions.  
4.2 This test method can be used to compare creep potentials of different concretes. A procedure is available, using the developed equation (or graphical plot), for calculating stress from strain data within massive non-reinforced concrete structures. For most specific design applications, the test conditions set forth herein must be modified to more closely simulate the anticipated curing, thermal, exposure, and loading age conditions for the prototype structure. Current theories and effects of material and environmental parameters are presented in ACI SP-135, Symposium on Creep and Shrinkage of Concrete: Effect of Materials and Environment.3  
4.3 In the absence of a satisfactory hypothesis governing creep phenomena, a number of assumptions have been developed that have been generally substantiated by test and experience.  
4.3.1 Creep is proportional to stress from 0 to 40 % of concrete compressive strength.  
4.3.2 Creep has been conclusively shown to be directly proportional to paste content throughout the range of paste contents normally used in concrete. Thus, the creep characteristics of concrete mixtures containing aggregate of maximum size greater than 50 mm [2 in.] may be determined from the creep characteristics of the minus 50-mm [minus 2-in.] fraction obtained by wet-sieving. Multiply the value of the characteristic by the ratio of the cement paste content (proportion by volume) in the full concrete mixture to the paste content of the sieved sample.  
4.4 The use of the logarithmic expression (Section 9) does not imply that the creep strain-time relationship is necessarily an exact logarithmic function; however, for the period of one year, the expression approximates normal creep behavior with sufficient accuracy to make possible the calculation of parameters that are useful...
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the determination of the creep of molded concrete cylinders subjected to sustained longitudinal compressive load. This test method is limited to concrete in which the maximum aggregate size does not exceed 50 mm [2 in.].  
1.2 The text of this standard refers to notes and footnotes that provide explanatory material. These notes and footnotes (excluding those in tables and figures) shall not be considered as requirements of the standard.  
1.3 Units—The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system are not necessarily exact equivalents; therefore, to ensure conformance with the standard, each system shall be used independently of the other, and values from the two systems shall not be combined. Combining values from the two systems may result in non-conformance with the standard.  
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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ASTM C88/C88M-24(Test Method)
Standard Test Method for Soundness of Aggregates by Use of Sodium Sulfate or Magnesium Sulfate

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 This test method provides a procedure for making a preliminary estimate of the soundness of aggregates for use in concrete and other purposes. The values obtained may be compared with specifications, for example Specification C33/C33M, that are designed to indicate the suitability of aggregate proposed for use. Since the precision of this test method is poor (Section 13), it may not be suitable for outright rejection of aggregates without confirmation from other tests more closely related to the specific service intended.  
4.2 Values for the permitted-loss percentage by this test method are usually different for fine and coarse aggregates, and attention is called to the fact that test results by use of the two salts differ considerably and care must be exercised in fixing proper limits in any specifications that include requirements for these tests. The test is usually more severe when magnesium sulfate is used; accordingly, limits for percent loss allowed when magnesium sulfate is used are normally higher than limits when sodium sulfate is used.
Note 2: Refer to the appropriate sections in Specification C33/C33M establishing conditions for acceptance of coarse and fine aggregates which fail to meet requirements based on this test.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the testing of aggregates to estimate their soundness when subjected to weathering action in concrete or other applications. This is accomplished by repeated immersion in saturated solutions of sodium or magnesium sulfate followed by oven drying to partially or completely dehydrate the salt precipitated in permeable pore spaces. The internal expansive force, derived from the rehydration of the salt upon re-immersion, simulates the expansion of water on freezing. This test method furnishes information helpful in judging the soundness of aggregates when adequate information is not available from service records of the material exposed to actual weathering conditions.  
1.2 Units—The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system are not necessarily exact equivalents; therefore, to ensure conformance with the standard, each system shall be used independently of the other, and values from the two systems shall not be combined.  
1.3 Some values have only SI units because the inch-pound equivalents are not used in practice.  
1.4 If the results obtained from another standard are not reported in the same system of units as used by this test method, it is permitted to convert those results using the conversion factors found in the SI Quick Reference Guide.2
Note 1: Sieve size is identified by its standard designation in Specification E11. The alternate designation given in parentheses is for information only and does not represent a different standard sieve size.  
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.6 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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Standard Practice for Agencies Testing Concrete and Concrete Aggregates for Use in Construction and Criteria for Testing Agency Evaluation

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 The testing and inspection of concrete and concrete aggregates are important elements in obtaining quality construction. A testing agency providing these services shall be selected with care.  
4.2 A testing agency shall be deemed qualified to perform and report the results of its tests if the agency meets the requirements of this practice. The testing agency services shall be provided under the technical direction of a registered professional engineer.  
4.3 This practice establishes essential characteristics pertaining to the organization, personnel, facilities, and quality systems of the testing agency. This practice may be supplemented by more specific criteria and requirements for particular projects.
SCOPE
1.1 This practice identifies and defines the duties, responsibilities, and minimum technical requirements of testing agency personnel and the minimum technical requirements for equipment utilized in testing concrete and concrete aggregates for use in construction.  
1.2 This practice provides criteria for the evaluation of the capability of a testing agency to perform designated ASTM test methods on concrete and concrete aggregates. It can be used by an evaluation authority in the inspection or accreditation of a testing agency or by other parties to determine if the agency is qualified to conduct the specified tests.
Note 1: Specification E329 provides criteria for the evaluation of agencies that perform the inspection of concrete during placement.  
1.3 This practice provides criteria for Inspection Bodies and Accreditation Bodies that provide services for evaluation of testing agencies in accordance with this practice.  
1.4 The text of this standard references notes and footnotes, which provide explanatory material and shall not be considered as requirements of this standard.  
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.6 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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ASTM
ASTM C1383-23(Test Method)
Standard Test Method for Measuring the P-Wave Speed and the Thickness of Concrete Plates Using the Impact-Echo Method

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 This test method may be used as a substitute for, or in conjunction with, coring to determine the thickness of slabs, pavements, decks, walls, or other plate structures. There is a certain level of systematic error in the calculated thickness due to the discrete nature of the digital records that are used. The absolute systematic error depends on the plate thickness, the sampling interval, and the sampling period.  
4.2 Because the wave speed can vary from point-to-point in the structure due to differences in concrete age or batch-to-batch variability, the wave speed is measured (Procedure A) at each point where a thickness determination (Procedure B) is required.  
4.3 This test method is a pplicable to plate-like structures with lateral dimensions at least six times the thickness. These minimum lateral dimensions are necessary to prevent other modes3 of vibration from interfering with the identification of the thickness mode frequency in the amplitude spectrum. As explained in Note 12, the minimum lateral dimensions and acceptable sampling period are related.  
4.4 The maximum and minimum thickness that can be measured is limited by the details of the testing apparatus (transducer response characteristics and the specific impactor). The limits shall be specified by manufacturer of the apparatus, and the apparatus shall not be used beyond these limits. If test equipment is assembled by the user, thickness limitations shall be established and documented.  
4.5 This test method is not applicable to plate structures with overlays, such as a concrete bridge deck with an asphalt or portland cement concrete overlay. The method is based on the assumption that the concrete plate has the same P-wave speed throughout its depth.  
4.6 Procedure A is performed on concrete that is air dry as high surface moisture content may affect the results.  
4.7 Procedure B is applicable to a concrete plate resting on a subgrade of soil, gravel, permeable asphalt concrete, or lea...
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers procedures for determining the thickness of concrete slabs, pavements, bridge decks, walls, or other plate-like structures using the impact-echo method.  
1.2 The following two procedures are covered in this test method:  
1.2.1 Procedure A: P-Wave Speed Measurement—This procedure measures the time it takes for the P-wave generated by a short-duration, point impact to travel between two transducers positioned a known distance apart along the surface of a structure. The P-wave speed is calculated by dividing the distance between the two transducers by the travel time.  
1.2.2 Procedure B: Impact-Echo Test—This procedure measures the frequency at which the P-wave generated by a short-duration, point impact is reflected between the parallel (opposite) surfaces of a plate. The thickness is calculated from this measured frequency and the P-wave speed obtained from Procedure A.  
1.2.3 Unless specified otherwise, both Procedure A and Procedure B must be performed at each point where a thickness determination is made.  
1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.  
1.4 The text of this standard refers to notes and footnotes that provide explanatory material. These notes and footnotes (excluding those in tables and figures) shall not be considered as requirements of the standard.  
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.6 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendatio...

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