ASTM C1693-09
(Specification)Standard Specification for Autoclaved Aerated Concrete (AAC)
Standard Specification for Autoclaved Aerated Concrete (AAC)
SCOPE
1.1 This specification covers autoclaved aerated concrete (AAC), a cementitious product based on calcium silicate hydrates in which low density is attained by the inclusion of an agent resulting in macroscopic voids, and in which curing is carried out using high-pressure steam.
1.2 The raw materials used in the production of autoclaved aerated concrete are portland cement or blended cements, quartz sand, water, lime, gypsum or anhydrite, and an agent resulting in macroscopic voids. The quartz sand used as a raw material may be replaced by a siliceous fine aggregate other than sand, and usually is ground to a fine powder before use. Fly ash may be used as a sand replacement. The batched raw materials are mixed thoroughly together to form a slurry. The slurry is cast into steel molds. Due to the chemical reactions that take place within the slurry, the volume expands. After setting, and before hardening, the mass is machine cut into units of various sizes. The units then are steam-cured under pressure in autoclaves where the material is transformed into a hard calcium silicate.
1.3 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. See Section 6, 7, and 8.
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Designation: C1693 – 09
Standard Specification for
Autoclaved Aerated Concrete (AAC)
This standard is issued under the fixed designation C1693; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope C33 Specification for Concrete Aggregates
C39/C39M Test Method for Compressive Strength of Cy-
1.1 This specification covers autoclaved aerated concrete
lindrical Concrete Specimens
(AAC), a cementitious product based on calcium silicate
C144 Specification for Aggregate for Masonry Mortar
hydrates in which low density is attained by the inclusion of an
C150 Specification for Portland Cement
agent resulting in macroscopic voids, and in which curing is
C332 Specification for Lightweight Aggregates for Insulat-
carried out using high-pressure steam.
ing Concrete
1.2 The raw materials used in the production of autoclaved
C595/C595M Specification for Blended Hydraulic Cements
aerated concrete are portland cement or blended cements,
C618 Specification for Coal Fly Ash and Raw or Calcined
quartz sand, water, lime, gypsum or anhydrite, and an agent
Natural Pozzolan for Use in Concrete
resulting in macroscopic voids. The quartz sand used as a raw
C1692 Practice for Construction and Testing ofAutoclaved
material may be replaced by a siliceous fine aggregate other
Aerated Concrete (AAC) Masonry
than sand, and usually is ground to a fine powder before use.
E4 Practices for Force Verification of Testing Machines
Fly ash may be used as a sand replacement. The batched raw
E575 Practice for Reporting Data from Structural Tests of
materials are mixed thoroughly together to form a slurry. The
Building Constructions, Elements, Connections, and As-
slurry is cast into steel molds. Due to the chemical reactions
semblies
that take place within the slurry, the volume expands. After
setting, and before hardening, the mass is machine cut into
3. Classification
units of various sizes. The units then are steam-cured under
3.1 AC units manufactured in accordance with this specifi-
pressure in autoclaves where the material is transformed into a
cation are classified according to their strength class.
hard calcium silicate.
1.3 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded
4. Materials and Manufacture
as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical
4.1 Raw Materials—Materials shall conform to the follow-
conversions to SI units that are provided for information only
ing applicable specifications:
and are not considered standard.
4.1.1 Portland Cement, Specification C150.
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the
4.1.2 Blended Cements, Specification C595/C595M.
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
4.1.3 Pozzolan, Specification C618.
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
4.1.4 Gypsum, Specification C22/C22M.
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
4.1.5 Aggregates, Specifications C33, C144,or C332.
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use. See Section 6, 7,
and 8.
5. Physical Requirements
5.1 Compressive Strength—The compressive strength shall
2. Referenced Documents
2 be determined according to Section 6 and shall conform to the
2.1 ASTM Standards:
requirements of Table 1.
C22/C22M Specification for Gypsum
5.2 Dry Bulk Density—The dry bulk density shall be deter-
mined according to Section 7 and shall conform to the
This specification is under the jurisdiction ofASTM Committee C27 on Precast
requirements of Table 1.
Concrete Products and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee C27.60 on
5.3 Drying Shrinkage—The drying shrinkage shall be de-
Precast Autoclaved Aerated Concrete.
termined in accordance with Section 8, and shall conform to
Current edition approved Oct. 1, 2009. Published November 2009. DOI:
10.1520/C1693-09. the requirements of Table 1.
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
5.4 Modulus of Elasticity—If required, the modulus of
contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
elasticity shall be determined in accordance with Section 9.
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
the ASTM website.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.
C1693 – 09
TABLE 1 Physical Requirements
Strength Class Compressive Strength, Nominal Dry Density Limits, Average Drying
3 3
psi (MPa) Bulk Density, lb/ft (kg/m ) Shrinkage, %
3 3
lb/ft (kg/m )
min
AAC-2 290 (2.0) 25 (400) 22–28 (350–450) #0.02
31 (500) 28–34 (450–550) #0.02
AAC-4 580 (4.0) 31 (500) 28–34 (450–550) #0.02
37 (600) 34–41 (550–650) #0.02
44 (700) 41–47 (650–750) #0.02
50 (800) 47–53 (750–850) #0.02
AAC-6 870 (6.0) 37 (600) 35–41 (550–650) #0.02
44 (700) 41–47 (650–750) #0.02
50 (800) 47–53 (750–850) #0.02
6. Determination of Compressive Strength 6.4 The compressive strength shall be reported to the
nearest 10 psi (69 kPa) for each specimen and as the average
6.1 Apparatus:
for three specimens.
6.1.1 Testing Machine—The testing machine shall conform
to the requirements prescribed in Practice E4. The machine
7. Determination of Moisture Content and Bulk Density
shall be equipped with two steel bearing blocks one of which
is a spherically seated block that will transmit load to the upper 7.1 Apparatus:
surface of the specimen, and the other a plane rigid block on
7.1.1 Balance—shall be sensitive within 0.5 % of the mass
which the specimen will rest.
of the specimen.
6.2 Test Specimens:
7.2 Test Specimens—Three test specimens, as described in
6.2.1 Three cube specimens of 4 in. (100 mm) edge length
8.2, shall be used for calculating the bulk density.
shall be tested in an air dried condition (5 to 15 % by mass
7.3 Procedure:
moisture content). If the samples have to be dried before
7.3.1 Determine the mass of the specimens, and then dry
testing to reach that moisture content, they shall be stored at a
them in a ventilated oven at 212 to 230°F (100 to 110°C) for
temperature not exceeding 158°F (70°C).
not less than 24 h, and until two successive determinations of
6.2.2 Aminimum of three specimens shall be tested. When-
mass at intervals of 2 h show an increment of loss not greater
ever possible, one specimen shall be obtained from the upper
than 0.2 % of the last previously determined mass of the
third of the product, one from the middle, and one from the
specimen.
lower third, determined in the direction of the rising of the
7.3.2 Calculate the moisture content of each specimen as
mass during manufacture. Otherwise, the position of the cubes
follows:
and information regarding the rise shall be reported. The
Moisture Content %, MC 5 ~A–B!/B 3 100 (2)
direction of the rise shall be noted on all specimens. This is
shown in Fig. 1.
where:
6.2.3 Loadbearing surfaces of the specimen shall be plane MC = moisture content, %,
within 0.0035 in. (0.09 mm) per 4 in. (100 mm). This can be A = sampled mass of specimen, lb (kg), and
Bto = dry mass of specimen, lb (kg).
achieved by grinding, milling, or capping. When capping, a
7.3.2.1 Report the average moisture content of all of the
gypsum plaster compound shall be used.
6.3 Procedure: specimens as the moisture content of the lot.
6.3.1 The specimen shall be placed in the testing machine 7.3.3 Determine the dimensions of the test specimens with a
and the load applied perpendicular to the direction of rise caliper gauge. Measure the width and height at the ends and in
during manufacture. the middle of the length of the specimen. Measure the length
6.3.2 Speed of Testing—Apply the load up to one half of the on two opposite sides. Determine the volume of the specimen
expected maximum load at a convenient rate, after which by multiplying the average values of the dimensions.
adjustthecontrolsofthemachineasrequiredtogiveauniform 7.3.4 Calculate the dry bulk density of each specimen as
rate of travel of the moving head such that the remaining load follows:
is applied in not less than one nor more than two minutes.
g5 B/V (3)
6.3.3 Calculate the compressive strength of each specimen
where:
as follows:
3 3
g = dry bulk density, lb/ft (kg/m ),
P
Compressive strength, f 5 (1) B = dry mass of specimen, lb (kg), and
A
3 3
V = volume of the specimen, ft (m ).
7.3.4.1 Report the average dry bulk density of all of the
where:
f = compressive strength of the specimen, psi (or Pa), specimens as the dry bulk density of the lot.
P = maximum load, lbf (or N), indicated by the testing
machine, and
8. Determination of Drying Shrinkage
2 2
A = gross cross-sectional area of the specimen, in. (mm ).
8.1 Apparatus:
C1693 – 09
FIG. 1 Direction of Loading
8.1.1 Balance, shall be sensitive to within 0.1 % of the mass 8.1.4.1 Theinstrumentshallmeasurechangeinlengthalong
of the specimen.
the longitudinal axis of the sample.
8.1.2 Caliper Gage, shall be accurate to 0.004 in. (0.1 mm).
8.1.4.2 The instrument shall be able to make contact with
8.1.3 Temperature Regulated Environment, capable of regu-
the measurement marks fastened to the face of the samples.
lating the temperature to 68 6 4°F (20 6 2°C) and a minimum
8.1.4.3 The measurements shall be made with an accuracy
relative humidity of 45 % in which the samples are stored
-6
of DL/L # 10 , where L is the original length of the
[ogr] [ogr]
during drying and while the measurements in the change in
sample
length are performed.
8.1.4.4 The instrument shall have a measuring precision
8.1.4 Measuring Instrument, used to determine the change
consistent with the accuracy required in 8.1.4.3.
in length of the test samples. Any suitable device shall be
8.1.4.5 The instrument shall be checked with a measure-
permitted to be used provided it meets the following require-
ments: ment standard prior to each measurement.
C1693 – 09
8.1.5 Measurement Marks, fastened to the faces of the
where:
samples, shall be made of a corrosion-resistant material and
DL = change in measured length according to 8.4.1 in
shapedsothatreliablecontactwiththemeasuringinstrumentis
in. (mm),
assured. L = the initial length of the specimen, and
[ogr]
L = the final length of the specimen.
8.1.6 Ventilated Drying Oven, capable of maintaining a f
8.5.1.1 The relative change in length shall be reported with
temperature of 220 6 8°F (105 6 5°C).
an accuracy of 0.00001 in./in. (0.00001 mm/mm).
8.2 Test Specimens:
8.5.2 The moisture content at each reading time shall be
8.2.1 Use prism specimens measuring 1.5 by 1.5 by 6.3 in.
calculated as follows:
(40 by 40 by 160 mm), and use at least three specimens for
~m – m !
each t
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