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ASTM D3278-20

(Test Method)

Standard Test Methods for Flash Point of Liquids by Small Scale Closed-Cup Apparatus

Standard Test Methods for Flash Point of Liquids by Small Scale Closed-Cup Apparatus

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 Flash point is one of the properties used to define the flammability of a liquid. It is used to classify liquids according to their flammability by governmental regulatory agencies. It may also be used to determine the presence of impurities or contaminants in a given liquid, such as the presence of residual solvents in solvent-refined drying oils. See Test Methods D56 and D93 for alternate flash point testing.
SCOPE
1.1 These test methods cover procedures for determining whether a material does or does not flash at a specified temperature or for determining the lowest finite temperature at which a material does flash when using a small scale closed-cup apparatus.2 The test methods are applicable to paints, enamels, lacquers, varnishes, and related products having a flash point between 0 and 110°C (32 and 230°F) and viscosity lower than 150 St at 25°C (77°F).  
Note 1: Tests at higher or lower temperatures are possible.
Note 2: More viscous materials may be tested in accordance with Annex A4.
Note 3: Organic peroxides may be tested in accordance with Annex A5, which describes the applicable safety precautions.
Note 4: The U.S. Department of Labor (OSHA, Hazard Communications), the U.S. Department of Transportation (RSPA), and the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) have specified Test Methods D3278 as one of several acceptable methods for the determination of flash point of liquids in their regulations.
Note 5: These test methods are similar to International Standards ISO 3679 and ISO 3680.  
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only.  
1.3 This standard should be used to measure and describe the response of materials, products, or assemblies to heat and flame under controlled conditions and should not be used to describe or appraise the fire-hazard or fire-risk of materials, products, or assemblies under actual fire conditions. However, results of the test may be used as elements of a fire-hazard or a fire-risk assessment which takes into account all of the factors which are pertinent to an assessment of the fire hazard or fire risk of a particular end use.  
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. For specific hazard statements, see 8.1 and 11.2.  
1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

General Information

Status
Historical
Publication Date
31-May-2020
ICS
13.220.40 - Ignitability and burning behaviour of materials and products
87.040 - Paints and varnishes
Technical Committee
D01 - Paint and Related Coatings, Materials, and Applications
Drafting Committee
D01.21 - Chemical Analysis of Paints and Paint Materials
Current Stage
Ref Project

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ASTM D3278-20 - Standard Test Methods for Flash Point of Liquids by Small Scale Closed-Cup ApparatusASTM D3278-20 - Standard Test Methods for Flash Point of Liquids by Small Scale Closed-Cup Apparatus
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ASTM D3278-20 - Standard Test Methods for Flash Point of Liquids by Small Scale Closed-Cup Apparatus
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NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information
Designation: D3278 − 20
Standard Test Methods for
Flash Point of Liquids by Small Scale Closed-Cup
1
Apparatus
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D3278; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision.Anumber in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the U.S. Department of Defense.
1. Scope 1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
1.1 These test methods cover procedures for determining
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
whether a material does or does not flash at a specified
priate safety, health, and environmental practices and deter-
temperature or for determining the lowest finite temperature at
mine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
which a material does flash when using a small scale closed-
2 For specific hazard statements, see 8.1 and 11.2.
cup apparatus. The test methods are applicable to paints,
1.5 This international standard was developed in accor-
enamels, lacquers, varnishes, and related products having a
dance with internationally recognized principles on standard-
flash point between 0 and 110°C (32 and 230°F) and viscosity
ization established in the Decision on Principles for the
lower than 150 St at 25°C (77°F).
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recom-
NOTE 1—Tests at higher or lower temperatures are possible.
mendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical
NOTE 2—More viscous materials may be tested in accordance with
Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
Annex A4.
NOTE 3—Organic peroxides may be tested in accordance with Annex
2. Referenced Documents
A5, which describes the applicable safety precautions.
3
NOTE 4—The U.S. Department of Labor (OSHA, Hazard
2.1 ASTM Standards:
Communications),theU.S.DepartmentofTransportation(RSPA),andthe
D56Test Method for Flash Point by Tag Closed Cup Tester
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) have specified Test Meth-
D93Test Methods for Flash Point by Pensky-Martens
ods D3278 as one of several acceptable methods for the determination of
Closed Cup Tester
flash point of liquids in their regulations.
NOTE 5—These test methods are similar to International Standards ISO
D850Test Method for Distillation of Industrial Aromatic
3679 and ISO 3680.
Hydrocarbons and Related Materials
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the D1015Test Method for Freezing Points of High-Purity
4
standard. The values given in parentheses are for information
Hydrocarbons (Withdrawn 2019)
only. D1078Test Method for Distillation Range of Volatile Or-
ganic Liquids
1.3 This standard should be used to measure and describe
5
2.2 ISO Standards:
the response of materials, products, or assemblies to heat and
ISO 3679 Paints, varnishes, petroleum and related
flame under controlled conditions and should not be used to
products—Determination of flash point—Rapid equilib-
describe or appraise the fire-hazard or fire-risk of materials,
rium method
products, or assemblies under actual fire conditions. However,
ISO 3680 Paints, varnishes, petroleum and related
results of the test may be used as elements of a fire-hazard or
products—Flash/no flash test—Rapid equilibrium method
a fire-risk assessment which takes into account all of the
factors which are pertinent to an assessment of the fire hazard
3. Terminology
or fire risk of a particular end use.
3.1 Definitions:
1
These test methods are under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D01 on
3
Paint and Related Coatings, Materials, and Applications and are the direct For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
responsibility of Subcommittee D01.21 on Chemical Analysis of Paints and Paint contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
Materials. Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
Current edition approved June 1, 2020. Published June 2020. Originally the ASTM website.
4
approved in 1973. Last previous edition approved in 2011 as D3278–96(2011) The last approved version of this historical standard is referenced on
which was withdrawn January 2020 and reinstated in June 2020. DOI: 10.1520/ www.astm.org.
5
D3278-20. Available fromAmerican National Standards Institute (ANSI), 25 W. 43rd St.,
2
Small scale closed-cup apparatus has been found suitable for this purpose. 4th Floor, New York, NY 10036, http://www.ansi.org.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1

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SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 Flash point measures the response of the test specimen to heat and ignition source under controlled laboratory conditions. It is only one of a number of properties that must be considered in assessing the overall flammability hazard of a material.  
5.2 Flash point is used in shipping and safety regulations by governmental regulatory agencies to define flammable and combustible materials and to classify them. Consult the particular regulation involved for precise definitions of these classes.  
5.3 Flash point can indicate the possible presence of highly volatile and flammable impurities or contaminants in a given liquid, such as the presence of residual solvents in solvent-refined drying oils.  
5.4 These equilibrium flash point test methods use a smaller specimen (2 mL) and a shorter test time (1 min) than traditional non-equilibrium test methods such as Test Method D56 and Test Methods D93.  
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1.1 These test methods cover procedures for determining whether a material does or does not flash at a specified temperature (flash/no flash Method A) or for determining the lowest finite temperature at which a material does flash (Method B), when using a small scale closed-cup apparatus. The test methods are applicable to paints, enamels, lacquers, varnishes, solvents, and related products having a flash point between 0 °C and 110 °C (32 °F and 230 °F) and viscosity lower than 15 000 mm2/s (cSt) at 25 °C (77 °F).
Note 1: Tests at higher or lower temperatures are possible however the precision has not been determined.
Note 2: More viscous materials can be tested in accordance with Annex A4.
Note 3: Organic peroxides can be tested in accordance with Annex A5, which describes the applicable safety precautions.
Note 4: The U.S. Department of Labor (OSHA, Hazard Communications), the U.S. Department of Transportation (RSPA), and the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) have specified Test Methods D3278 as one of several acceptable methods for the determination of flash point of liquids in their regulations.  
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses after SI units are provided for information only and are not considered standard.  
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SCOPE
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1.4 The results obtained using this guide can be used directly to predict certain facets of oil spill behavior or as input to oil spill models.  
1.5 The accuracy of the guide depends very much on the representative nature of the oil sample used. Certain oils can have different properties depending on their chemical contents at the moment a sample is taken.  
1.6 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.  
1.7 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.8 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

  • Guide
    4 pages
    English language
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  • Guide
    4 pages
    English language
    sale 15% off