ASTM E2669-10

Standard Digital Reference Images for Titanium Castings

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
These digital reference images are intended for reference only, but are designed such that acceptance standards, which may be developed for particular requirements, can be specified in terms of these digital reference images. The illustrations are digital images of castings that were produced under conditions designed to develop the discontinuities.
Applicability of Thickness Designations:
Clustered holes, scattered gas holes, scattered shrinkage cavity, centerline shrinkage
(1) The images of the ¼-in. (6.4-mm) castings are intended to be used in the thickness range up to and including 3/8-in. (9.5-mm). The images of the ½ -in. (12.7-mm) castings are intended to be used in the thickness range of over 3/8-in. (9.5-mm), up to and including 5/8-in. (15.9-mm). The images of the ¾-in. (19.1-mm) castings are intended to be used in the thickness range of over 5/8-in. (15.9-mm), up to and including 1-in. (25.4-mm).
Shrinkage Cavity:
(1) The images of the ½-in. (12.7-mm) castings are intended to be used in the thickness range up to and including 5/8-in. (15.9-mm). The images of the ¾ -in. (19.1-mm) castings are intended to be used in the thickness range over 5/8-in. (15.9-mm) to 1-in. (25.4-mm).
Gas hole; foreign material, less dense; foreign material, more dense
(1) The images are intended to be used in the thickness range up to and including 1-in. (25.4-mm).
Image Deterioration—Many conditions can affect the appearance and functionality of digital reference images. For example, electrical interference, hardware incompatibilities, and corrupted files and drivers may affect their appearance. The Practice E2002 line pair gauges located in each digital reference image can be used as an aid to detect image deterioration by comparing the measured resolution using the gauges to the resolution stated on the digital reference image. Do not use the digital reference images if their appearance has been adversely affected such that the interpretation and use of t...
SCOPE
1.1 The digital reference images provided in the adjunct to this standard illustrate various types and degrees of discontinuities occurring in titanium castings. Use of this standard for the specification or grading of castings requires procurement of the adjunct digital reference images, which illustrate the discontinuity types and severity levels. They are intended to provide the following:
1.1.1 A guide enabling recognition of titanium casting discontinuities and their differentiation both as to type and degree through digital radiographic examination.
1.1.2 Example digital radiographic illustrations of discontinuities and a nomenclature for reference in acceptance standards, specifications and drawings.
1.2 The digital reference images consist of seventeen digital files each illustrating eight grades of increasing severity. The files illustrate seven common discontinuity types representing casting sections up to 1-in. (25.4-mm).
1.3 The reference radiographs were developed for casting sections up to 1 in. (25.4 mm) in thickness.
1.4 All areas of this standard may be open to agreement between the cognizant engineering organization and the supplier, or specific direction from the cognizant engineering organization. These items should be addressed in the purchase order or the contract.
Note 1—Each of the digital reference images contain an image of a step wedge and two duplex-wire gauges. Refer to Practice E2002 for wire pair details.
1.5 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.
1.6 These digital reference images are not intended to illustrate the types or degrees of discontinuities when performing film radiography. If performing film radiography of titanium castings, refer to Reference Radiographs E1320.
1.7 This standard does no...

General Information

• Status: Historical
• Publication Date: 31-Dec-2009
• ICS: 35.140 - Computer graphics
• ICS: 49.035 - Components for aerospace construction
• Technical Committee: E07 - Nondestructive Testing
• Drafting Committee: E07.02 - Reference Radiological Images

Relations

• Replaced By: ASTM E2669-11 - Standard Digital Reference Images for Titanium Castings
• Effective Date: 01-Dec-2011
• Referred By: ASTM F629-20 - Standard Practice for Radiography of Cast Metallic Surgical Implants
• Effective Date: 01-Jan-2010
• Referred By: ASTM E2736-17(2022) - Standard Guide for Digital Detector Array Radiography
• Effective Date: 01-Jan-2010
• Referred By: ASTM F2895-20 - Standard Practice for Digital Radiography of Cast Metallic Implants
• Effective Date: 01-Jan-2010
• Referred By: ASTM E2007-10(2023) - Standard Guide for Computed Radiography
• Effective Date: 01-Jan-2010

Standards Content (Sample)

NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information
Designation:E2669–10
Standard Digital Reference Images for
1
Titanium Castings
This standard is issued under the fixed designation E2669; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope 1.7 This standard does not purport to address all of the
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
1.1 The digital reference images provided in the adjunct to
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
this standard illustrate various types and degrees of disconti-
2 priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
nuities occurring in titanium castings. Use of this standard for
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.
thespecificationorgradingofcastingsrequiresprocurementof
1.8 Onlylicensedcopiesofthesoftwareandimagesshallbe
the adjunct digital reference images, which illustrate the
utilized for production inspection. A copy of the ASTM/User
discontinuity types and severity levels. They are intended to
license agreement shall be kept on file for audit purposes.
provide the following:
1.1.1 A guide enabling recognition of titanium casting
2. Referenced Documents
discontinuities and their differentiation both as to type and
3
2.1 ASTM Standards:
degree through digital radiographic examination.
E94 Guide for Radiographic Examination
1.1.2 Example digital radiographic illustrations of disconti-
E1025 Practice for Design, Manufacture, and Material
nuities and a nomenclature for reference in acceptance stan-
Grouping Classification of Hole-Type Image Quality Indi-
dards, specifications and drawings.
cators (IQI) Used for Radiology
1.2 The digital reference images consist of seventeen digital
E1316 Terminology for Nondestructive Examinations
files each illustrating eight grades of increasing severity. The
E1320 Reference Radiographs for Titanium Castings
files illustrate seven common discontinuity types representing
E2002 Practice for Determining Total Image Unsharpness
casting sections up to 1-in. (25.4-mm).
in Radiology
1.3 The reference radiographs were developed for casting
E2597 Practice for Manufacturing Characterization of Digi-
sections up to 1 in. (25.4 mm) in thickness.
tal Detector Arrays
1.4 All areas of this standard may be open to agreement
4
2.2 SMPTE Practice:
between the cognizant engineering organization and the sup-
RP133
plier, or specific direction from the cognizant engineering
2.3 ASTM Adjuncts:
organization. These items should be addressed in the purchase
Digital Reference Images of Investment Steel Castings for
order or the contract.
5
Aerospace Applications
NOTE 1—Each of the digital reference images contain an image of a
step wedge and two duplex-wire gauges. Refer to Practice E2002 for wire
3. Terminology
pair details.
3.1 Definitions—Definitions of terms used in this standard
1.5 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded
may be found in Terminology E1316.
as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical
3.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:
conversions to SI units that are provided for information only
3.2.1 The terms relating to discontinuities used in these
and are not considered standard.
digital reference images are described based upon radiographic
1.6 These digital reference images are not intended to
appearance when viewed in the negative polarity such that the
illustrate the types or degrees of discontinuities when perform-
images appear in the same sense as they would when viewed
ing film radiography. If performing film radiography of tita-
on X-ray film. If images are viewed in the positive polarity, the
nium castings, refer to Reference Radiographs E1320.
terms lighter and darker will need to be reversed.
1 3
This standard is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee E07 on Nonde- For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
structive Testing and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee E07.02 on contact ASTM Customer Service at [e-mail]. For Annual Book of ASTM
Reference Radiological Images. Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
Current edition approved Jan. 1, 2010. Published February 2010. the ASTM website.
2 4
The digital reference images are considered to be applicable to all titanium Available from Society of Motion Picture and Television Engineers, 3 Barker
castings, requiring close tolerances. Castings for which these images are applicable Avenue, White Plains, NY 10601; or www.smpte.org/smpte_store/
5
generally include those made by the lost wax, frozen mercury, ceramicast or shell Available from ASTM I
...