ASTM C1105-95(2002)
(Test Method)Standard Test Method for Length Change of Concrete Due to Alkali-Carbonate Rock Reaction
Standard Test Method for Length Change of Concrete Due to Alkali-Carbonate Rock Reaction
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the determination, by measurement of length change of concrete prisms, the susceptibility of cement-aggregate combinations to expansive alkali-carbonate reaction involving hydroxide ions associated with alkalies (sodium and potassium) and certain calcitic dolomites and dolomitic limestones.
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
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Designation:C1105–95 (Reapproved 2002)
Standard Test Method for
Length Change of Concrete Due to Alkali-Carbonate Rock
Reaction
This standard is issued under the fixed designation C 1105; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope C 511 Specification for Moist Cabinets, Moist Rooms, and
Water Storage Tanks Used in the Testing of Hydraulic
1.1 This test method covers the determination, by measure-
Cements and Concretes
ment of length change of concrete prisms, the susceptibility of
C 586 Test Method for Potential Alkali Reactivity of Car-
cement-aggregate combinations to expansive alkali-carbonate
bonate Rocks for Concrete Aggregates (Rock Cylinder
reaction involving hydroxide ions associated with alkalies
Method)
(sodium and potassium) and certain calcitic dolomites and
C 595 Specification for Blended Hydraulic Cements
dolomitic limestones.
C 670 Practice for Preparing Precision Statements for Test
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the
Methods for Construction Materials
standard.
C 702 Practice for Reducing Field Samples ofAggregate to
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the
Testing Size
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
D 75 Practice for Sampling Aggregates
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
3. Terminology
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.
3.1 Terminology used in this standard is defined in Termi-
2. Referenced Documents nology C 125 or Descriptive Nomenclature C 294.
2.1 ASTM Standards:
4. Significance and Use
C 33 Specification for Concrete Aggregates
4.1 Two types of alkali reactivity of aggregates have been
C 125 Terminology Relating to Concrete and Concrete
2 described in the literature: the alkali-silica reaction involving
Aggregates
3 certain siliceous rocks, minerals, and artificial glasses (1), and
C 150 Specification for Portland Cement
the alkali-carbonate reaction involving dolomite in certain
C 157 Test Method for Length Change of Hardened
2 calcitic dolomites and dolomitic limestones (2). This test
Hydraulic-Cement Mortar and Concrete
method is not recommended as a means to detect combinations
C 233 Test Method for Testing Air-Entraining Admixtures
2 susceptible to expansion due to alkali-silica reaction since it
for Concrete
wasnotevaluatedforthisuseintheworkreportedbyBuck(2).
C 294 Descriptive Nomenclature of Constituents of Natural
2 This test method is not applicable to aggregates that do not
Mineral Aggregates
contain or consist of carbonate rock (see Descriptive Nomen-
C 295 Guide for Petrographic Examination of Aggregates
2 clature C 294).
for Concrete
4.2 This test method is intended for evaluating the behavior
C 490 Practice for Use of Apparatus for the Determination
of specific combinations of concrete-making materials to be
of Length Change of Hardened Cement Paste, Mortar, and
used in the work. However, provisions are made for the use of
Concrete
substitute materials when required. This test method assesses
the potential for expansion of concrete caused by alkali-
1 carbonate rock reaction from tests performed under prescribed
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee C09 on
Concrete and ConcreteAggregates and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee laboratory curing conditions that will probably differ from field
C09.26 on Chemical Reactions.
Current edition approved Nov. 10, 1995. Published February 1996. Originally
published as C 1105 – 89. Last previous edition C 1105 – 89. Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 04.03.
2 5
Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 04.02. The boldface numbers in parentheses refer to the list of references at the end of
Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 04.01. this test method.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.
C1105–95 (2002)
conditions. Thus, actual field performance will not be dupli- 6.1.2.1 In the case of construction where several size ranges
cated due to differences in wetting and drying, temperature, coarser than the 19.0-mm ( ⁄4-in.) sieve are contemplated, each
other factors, or combinations of these (see Appendix X1). ofthesemay,ifdesired,beseparatelycrushedtopassthissieve
4.3 Use of this test method is of particular value when and may be tested separately.
samples of aggregate from a source have been determined to 6.2 Job Cement—When it is desired to evaluate a particular
contain constituents that are regarded as capable of participa- cement-aggregate combination for use in particular work, the
tion in a potentially deleterious alkali-carbonate rock reaction cement or cements used shall meet the requirements for the
either by petrographic examination, Guide C 295, by the rock work and shall be from the source or sources and in the
cylinder test, Test Method C 586, by service record; or by a amounts expected to be used in the work. If several cements
combination of these. maybeusedinthework,itisdesirablethattestsbemadeusing
4.4 Results of tests conducted as described herein should each cement separately.
form a part of the basis for a decision as to whether precautions 6.3 Reference Cements—When it is desired to evaluate
be taken against excessive expansion due to alkali-carbonate aggregates for general use or to compare aggregates for
rock reaction. This decision should be made before a particular investigational purposes, the cement used shall be of the
cement-aggregate combination is used in concrete construction highest alkali content representative of the general use in-
(see Note 1). tended, or available to the laboratory making the tests. The
cement or cements selected should comply with Specification
NOTE 1—Other elements that may be included in the decision-making
C 150 or Specification C 595. Additional information of value
process for categorizing an aggregate or a cement-aggregate combination
may be obtained by conducting parallel tests with cements of
with respect to whether precautions are needed, and examples of precau-
different alkali content, of different sodium oxide to potassium
tions that may be taken, are described in Appendix X1.
oxide ratio, or blended with pozzolan or ground blast-furnace
4.5 While the basic intent of this test method is to develop
slag, or both.
information on a particular cement-aggregate combination, it
6.4 Substitute Fine Aggregate—If the test aggregate is to be
will usually be very useful to conduct control tests in parallel
used only as coarse aggregate and the fine aggregate that it will
using the aggregate of interest with other cements or the
be used with is not available, a fine aggregate that is not
cement of interest with other aggregates.
expected to participate in an expansive reaction with alkalies
(see Note 2) shall be used.
5. Apparatus
NOTE 2—Advice on judging the expansive reactivity of aggregate is
5.1 The mold, the associated items for molding test speci-
given in Appendix XI of Specification C 33.
mens, and the length comparator for measuring length change
shall conform to the applicable requirements of Test Method
7. Sampling
C 157 and Practice C 490.
7.1 Obtain the sample in accordance with Practice D 75 and
reduce it to test portion size in accordance with Practice C 702.
6. Materials
6.1 Maximum Size of Coarse Aggregate—Coarse-aggregate 8. Test Specimens
fractions larger than the 19.0-mm ( ⁄4-in.) sieve shall not be
8.1 Prepare six specimens, of the type required for concrete
tested as such. When petrographic examination using Guide
Test Method C 157, having square cross-sections of 75.0 6 0.7
C 295 reveals that the material making up the size fractions
mm or 3.00 6 0.03 in. from one batch of concrete. The
larger than the 19.0-mm sieve is of such a composition and
concrete mixture shall be the mixture in which the aggregates
lithologythatnodifferencesshouldbeexpectedcomparedwith
are proposed for use. In the event that no specific concrete
the smaller size material to be tested, or when tests, made in
mixture is being considered, that described in Test Method
accordance with Test Method C 586, of material in such sizes
C 233 may be used.
reveal no significant differences from the sizes to be tested,
8.2 If control or comparison mixtures are made, specimens
then no further attention need be paid to the larger sizes. If
shall be made from those mixtures as described in 8.1.
results of petrographic examination or tests made in accor-
9. Conditioning
dance with Test Method C 586 suggest that the larger size
material should be studied for its effects in concrete, one or the
9.1 Cure, store, and remove molds in accordance with Test
other of two alternative procedures described herein may be
Method C 157.Thereafter, keep the specimens in moist storage
used.
in accordance with Specification C 511 but do not immerse in
6.1.1 Proportional Testing—Material larger than the
water.
19.0-mm ( ⁄4-in.) sieve shall be crushed to pass the 19.0-mm
10. Procedure
sieve and material larger than the 4.75-mm (No. 4) sieve shall
be proportioned to include the same proportion by mass of the
10.1 Follow the procedure of Test Method C 157 except,
crushed material
...
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