ASTM D6139-17
(Test Method)Standard Test Method for Determining the Aerobic Aquatic Biodegradation of Lubricants or Their Components Using the Gledhill Shake Flask
Standard Test Method for Determining the Aerobic Aquatic Biodegradation of Lubricants or Their Components Using the Gledhill Shake Flask
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 Results from this CO2 evolution test method suggest, within the confines of a controlled laboratory setting, the degree of ultimate aerobic aquatic biodegradability of a lubricant or components of a lubricant. Test materials which achieve a high degree of biodegradation in this test method may be assumed to easily biodegrade in many aerobic aquatic environments. (See also Test Method D5864.)
5.2 Because of the stringency of this test method, a low yield of CO2 does not necessarily mean that the test material is not biodegradable under environmental conditions, but indicates that further testing needs to be carried out in order to establish biodegradability.
5.3 Information on the toxicity of the test material to the inoculum may be useful in the interpretation of low biodegradation results.
5.4 Activated sewage-sludge from a sewage treatment plant that principally treats domestic waste may be used as an aerobic inoculum. An inoculum derived from soil or natural surface waters, or any combination of the three sources, may also be used in this test method.
Note 1: Allowance for various and multiple inoculum sources provides access to a greater diversity of biochemical competency and potentially represents more accurately the capacity for biodegradation.
5.5 A reference or control material known to biodegrade under the conditions of this test method is necessary in order to verify the activity of the inoculum. The test method must be regarded as invalid and should be repeated using a fresh inoculum if the reference does not demonstrate biodegradation to the extent of >60 % of the theoretical CO2 within 28 days.
5.6 The water solubility or dispersibility of the lubricant or components may influence the results obtained and hence the procedure may be limited to comparing lubricants or components with similar solubilities.
5.7 The ratio of carbon incorporated into cellular material to carbon metabolized to CO2 will vary depending on the organic sub...
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the determination of the degree of aerobic aquatic biodegradation of fully formulated lubricants or their components on exposure to an inoculum under controlled laboratory conditions. This test method is an ultimate biodegradation test that measures carbon dioxide (CO2) evolution.
1.2 This test method is intended to specifically address the difficulties associated with testing water insoluble materials and complex mixtures such as are found in many lubricants.
1.3 This test method is designed to be applicable to all non-volatile lubricants or lubricant components that are not toxic and not inhibitory at the test concentration to the organisms present in the inoculum.
1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and to determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. Specific hazards are discussed in Section 10.
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Designation: D6139 − 17
Standard Test Method for
Determining the Aerobic Aquatic Biodegradation of
Lubricants or Their Components Using the Gledhill Shake
1
Flask
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D6139; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope* D5291 Test Methods for Instrumental Determination of
Carbon, Hydrogen, and Nitrogen in Petroleum Products
1.1 This test method covers the determination of the degree
and Lubricants
of aerobic aquatic biodegradation of fully formulated lubri-
D5864 Test Method for Determining Aerobic Aquatic Bio-
cants or their components on exposure to an inoculum under
degradation of Lubricants or Their Components
controlled laboratory conditions. This test method is an ulti-
E943 Terminology Relating to Biological Effects and Envi-
mate biodegradation test that measures carbon dioxide (CO )
2
ronmental Fate
evolution.
3
2.2 ISO Standard:
1.2 This test method is intended to specifically address the
4259:1992(E) Petroleum Products—Determination and ap-
difficulties associated with testing water insoluble materials
plication of precision data in relation to methods of test
and complex mixtures such as are found in many lubricants.
4
2.3 APHA Standards:
1.3 This test method is designed to be applicable to all
2540B Total Solids Dried at 103–105°C
non-volatile lubricants or lubricant components that are not
9215 Heterotrophic Plate Count
toxic and not inhibitory at the test concentration to the
organisms present in the inoculum.
3. Terminology
1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as
3.1 Definitions:
standard. No other units of measurement are included in this
3.2 Definitions of terms applicable to this test method that
standard.
arenotdescribedhereinappearintheASTMOnlineDictionary
5
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all the safety
of Engineering Science and Technology or Terminology
concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility
E943.
of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and
3.3 activated sludge, n—the precipitated solid matter, con-
health practices and to determine the applicability of regula-
sisting mainly of bacteria and other aquatic microorganisms,
tory limitations prior to use. Specific hazards are discussed in
that is produced at a domestic wastewater treatment plant;
Section 10.
activated sludge is used primarily in secondary sewage treat-
ment to microbially oxidize dissolved organic matter in the
2. Referenced Documents
effluent.
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
3.4 aerobic, adj—(1 ) taking place in the presence of
D1193 Specification for Reagent Water
oxygen; (2) living or active in the presence of oxygen.
D1293 Test Methods for pH of Water
3.5 biodegradation, n—the process of chemical breakdown
D4447 Guide for Disposal of Laboratory Chemicals and
Samples or transformation of a material caused by organisms or their
enzymes.
1
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D02 on
Petroleum Products, Liquid Fuels, and Lubricants and is the direct responsibility of
3
Subcommittee D02.12 on Environmental Standards for Lubricants. Available from American National Standards Institute (ANSI), 25 W. 43rd St.,
Current edition approved Jan. 1, 2017. Published February 2017. Originally 4th Floor, New York, NY 10036, http://www.ansi.org.
4
approved in 1997. Last previous edition approved in 2011 as D6139 – 11. DOI: MethodsfromStandardMethodsfortheExaminationofWaterandWastewater,
10.1520/D6139-17. latest edition.Available from theAmerican Public HealthAssociation (APHA), 800
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or I Street, NW, Washington, DC 20001.
5
contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM ASTM Online Dictionary of Engineering Science and Technology
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on (Stock#DEFONLINE) is available on theASTM website, www.astm.org, or contact
the ASTM website. ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org.
*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1
---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
D6139 − 17
3.5.1 Discussion—Biodegradation is only one mechanism resultingintheproductionofCO (andpossiblymethaneinthe
2
by which materials are transformed in the environment. case of anaerobic biodegradation), water, inorganic
compounds, and new microbial cellular constituents (biomass
3.6 biomass, n—biologica
...
This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
Designation: D6139 − 11 D6139 − 17
Standard Test Method for
Determining the Aerobic Aquatic Biodegradation of
Lubricants or Their Components Using the Gledhill Shake
1
Flask
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D6139; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope Scope*
1.1 This test method covers the determination of the degree of aerobic aquatic biodegradation of fully formulated lubricants or
their components on exposure to an inoculum under controlled laboratory conditions. This test method is an ultimate
biodegradation test that measures carbon dioxide (CO ) evolution.
2
1.2 This test method is intended to specifically address the difficulties associated with testing water insoluble materials and
complex mixtures such as are found in many lubricants.
1.3 This test method is designed to be applicable to all non-volatile lubricants or lubricant components that are not toxic and
not inhibitory at the test concentration to the organisms present in the inoculum.
1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of
the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and to determine the applicability of regulatory
limitations prior to use. Specific hazards are discussed in Section 10.
2. Referenced Documents
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
D1193 Specification for Reagent Water
D1293 Test Methods for pH of Water
D4447 Guide for Disposal of Laboratory Chemicals and Samples
D5291 Test Methods for Instrumental Determination of Carbon, Hydrogen, and Nitrogen in Petroleum Products and Lubricants
D5864 Test Method for Determining Aerobic Aquatic Biodegradation of Lubricants or Their Components
E943 Terminology Relating to Biological Effects and Environmental Fate
3
2.2 ISO Standard:
4259:1992(E) Petroleum Products—Determination and application of precision data in relation to methods of test
4
2.3 APHA Standards:
2540B Total Solids Dried at 103–105°C
9215 Heterotrophic Plate Count
3. Terminology
3.1 Definitions:
1
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D02 on Petroleum Products Products, Liquid Fuels, and Lubricants and is the direct responsibility of
Subcommittee D02.12 on Environmental Standards for Lubricants.
Current edition approved Jan. 1, 2011Jan. 1, 2017. Published March 2011February 2017. Originally approved in 1997. Last previous edition approved in 20052011 as
D6139–00(2005).D6139 – 11. DOI: 10.1520/D6139-11.10.1520/D6139-17.
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM Standards
volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on the ASTM website.
3
Available from American National Standards Institute, 11 West 42nd St., 13thInstitute (ANSI), 25 W. 43rd St., 4th Floor, New York, NY 10036.10036,
http://www.ansi.org.
4
Methods from Standard Methods for the Examination of Water and Wastewater, latest edition. Available from the American Public Health Association (APHA), 800 I
Street, NW, Washington, DC 20001.
*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1
---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
D6139 − 17
3.2 Definitions of terms applicable to this test method that are not described herein appear in the ASTM Online Dictionary of
5
Engineering Science and Technology or Terminology E943.
3.3 activated sludge, n—the precipitated solid matter, consisting mainly of bacteria and other aquatic microorganisms, that is
produced at a domestic wastewater treatment plant; activated sludge is used primarily in secondary sewage treatment to microbially
oxidize dissolved organic matter in the effluent.
3.4 aerobic, adj—(1 ) taking place in the presence of oxygen; (2) living or active in the presence of oxygen.
3.5 biodegradation, n—the process of chemical breakdown or transformation of a test material caused by organisms or their
enzymes.
5
ASTM Online Dictionary of Engineering Science and Technology (Stock#
...
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