ASTM D1990-19

Standard Practice for Establishing Allowable Properties for Visually-Graded Dimension Lumber from In-Grade Tests of Full-Size Specimens

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 The procedures described in this practice are intended to be used to establish allowable stress and modulus of elasticity values for solid sawn, visually graded dimension lumber from In-Grade type test data. These procedures apply to the tested and untested sizes and grades when an adequate data matrix of sizes and grades exists. In addition, the methodology for establishing allowable stress and modulus of elasticity values for combinations of species and species groups is covered. Allowable stress and modulus of elasticity values may also be developed for a single size or a single grade of lumber from test data.  
4.2 Methods for establishing allowable stress and modulus of elasticity values for a single size/grade test cell are covered in Practice D2915. The appropriateness of these methods to establish allowable stress and modulus of elasticity values is directly dependent upon the quality and representativeness of the input test data.  
4.3 A monitoring program shall be established to periodically review the continued applicability of allowable properties derived by this practice. A monitoring program will establish data sets that are either the same as, above, or below the data that was used to develop the current allowable properties. Upon detection of a statistically significant downward shift, evaluation of the data and confirmation of remedial actions shall be undertaken. When evaluation is not undertaken or the results of the evaluation indicate an adjustment to allowable properties is appropriate, a reassessment shall be conducted to re-establish allowable properties.  
Note 5: It is recognized that over time there is the potential for changes in the raw material or product mix. In response to this a monitoring program must be conducted to ensure design values derived by this practice are not invalidated by such changes. If the data collected with a monitoring provides evidence of an statistically significant downward shift in lumber properties an ...
SCOPE
1.1 This practice covers the principles and procedures for establishing allowable stress values for bending, tension parallel to grain, compression parallel to grain and modulus of elasticity values for structural design from “In-Grade” tests of full-size visually graded solid sawn dimension lumber. This practice also covers procedures for periodic monitoring, and additional procedures, if needed, for evaluation and possible reassessment of assigned design values. This practice is focused on, but is not limited to, grades which used the concepts incorporated in Practice D245 and were developed and interpreted under American Softwood Lumber PS 20.  
1.2 A basic assumption of the procedures used in this practice is that the samples selected and tested are representative of the entire global population being evaluated. This approach is consistent with the historical clear wood methodology of assigning an allowable property to visually-graded lumber which was representative of the entire growth range of a species or species group. Every effort shall be made to ensure the test sample is representative of population by grade and size (see 7.1.1 and 7.1.2).  
1.3 Due to the number of specimens involved and the number of mechanical properties to be evaluated, a methodology for evaluating the data and assigning allowable properties to both tested and untested grade/size cells is necessary. Sampling and analysis of tested cells are covered in Practice D2915. The mechanical test methods are covered in Test Methods D198 and D4761. This practice covers the necessary procedures for assigning allowable stress and modulus of elasticity values to dimension lumber from In-Grade tests. The practice includes methods to permit assignment of allowable stress and modulus of elasticity values to untested sizes and grades, as well as some untested properties. The practice includes procedures for periodic monitoring of the species or species gr...

General Information

• Status: Published
• Publication Date: 30-Sep-2019
• ICS: 79.040 - Wood, sawlogs and sawn timber
• Technical Committee: D07 - Wood
• Drafting Committee: D07.02 - Lumber and Engineered Wood Products

Relations

• Replaces: ASTM D1990-16 - Standard Practice for Establishing Allowable Properties for Visually-Graded Dimension Lumber from In-Grade Tests of Full-Size Specimens
• Effective Date: 01-Oct-2019
• Refers: ASTM D2555-15 - Standard Practice for Establishing Clear Wood Strength Values
• Effective Date: 01-Sep-2015
• Refers: ASTM D4442-15 - Standard Test Methods for Direct Moisture Content Measurement of Wood and Wood-Based Materials
• Effective Date: 01-Jun-2015
• Refers: ASTM D2555-16 - Standard Practice for Establishing Clear Wood Strength Values
• Effective Date: 01-Aug-2016
• Refers: ASTM D2555-17 - Standard Practice for Establishing Clear Wood Strength Values
• Effective Date: 15-Apr-2017
• Refers: ASTM D2555-17a - Standard Practice for Establishing Clear Wood Strength Values
• Effective Date: 01-Aug-2017
• Refers: ASTM D4444-13(2018) - Standard Test Method for Laboratory Standardization and Calibration of Hand-Held Moisture Meters
• Effective Date: 01-Jul-2018
• Refers: ASTM D4761-18 - Standard Test Methods for Mechanical Properties of Lumber and Wood-Based Structural Materials
• Effective Date: 01-Nov-2018
• Refers: ASTM D4761-19 - Standard Test Methods for Mechanical Properties of Lumber and Wood-Based Structural Materials
• Effective Date: 01-Apr-2019
• Refers: ASTM D4442-16 - Standard Test Methods for Direct Moisture Content Measurement of Wood and Wood-Based Materials
• Effective Date: 15-Nov-2016
• Refers: ASTM D4442-20 - Standard Test Methods for Direct Moisture Content Measurement of Wood and Wood-Based Materials
• Effective Date: 01-Mar-2020
• Referred By: ASTM D2915-17(2022) - Standard Practice for Sampling and Data-Analysis for Structural Wood and Wood-Based Products
• Effective Date: 01-Oct-2019
• Referred By: ASTM D6570-18a(2023)e1 - Standard Practice for Assigning Allowable Properties for Mechanically Graded Lumber
• Effective Date: 01-Oct-2019
• Referred By: ASTM D6251/D6251M-19 - Standard Specification for Wood-Cleated Panelboard Shipping Boxes
• Effective Date: 01-Oct-2019
• Referred By: ASTM D6874-22a - Standard Test Methods for Nondestructive Evaluation of the Stiffness of Wood and Wood-Based Materials Using Transverse Vibration or Stress Wave Propagation
• Effective Date: 01-Oct-2019
• Referred By: ASTM D7199-20 - Standard Practice for Establishing Characteristic Values for Reinforced Glued Laminated Timber (Glulam) Beams Using Mechanics-Based Models
• Effective Date: 01-Oct-2019
• Referred By: ASTM D5055-19e1 - Standard Specification for Establishing and Monitoring Structural Capacities of Prefabricated Wood I-Joists
• Effective Date: 01-Oct-2019
• Referred By: ASTM D5457-23 - Standard Specification for Computing Reference Resistance of Wood-Based Materials and Structural Connections for Load and Resistance Factor Design
• Effective Date: 01-Oct-2019
• Referred By: ASTM D6782-19 - Standard Test Methods for Standardization and Calibration of In-Line Dry Lumber Moisture Meters
• Effective Date: 01-Oct-2019
• Referred By: ASTM D6039/D6039M-18 - Standard Specification for Open and Covered Wood Crates
• Effective Date: 01-Oct-2019
• Referred By: ASTM D6555-17 - Standard Guide for Evaluating System Effects in Repetitive-Member Wood Assemblies
• Effective Date: 01-Oct-2019
• Referred By: ASTM D6255/D6255M-18 - Standard Specification for Steel or Aluminum Slotted Angle Crates
• Effective Date: 01-Oct-2019

Standards Content (Sample)

This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
Designation: D1990 − 19
Standard Practice for
Establishing Allowable Properties for Visually-Graded
Dimension Lumber from In-Grade Tests of Full-Size
1
Specimens
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D1990; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision.Anumber in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
INTRODUCTION
Visual stress-grades of lumber manufactured in North America have evolved from the procedures
of Practice D245.Allowable stress and modulus of elasticity values were determined for these grades
using the procedures of Practice D245 and the appropriate clear wood values of Practice D2555. The
clear wood values of Practice D2555 were developed from tests of small clear specimens.
Development of allowable stress and modulus of elasticity values from tests of full-size structural
lumberascommerciallyproducedandmarketedhasbecomepossiblewiththedevelopmentofsuitable
test equipment that permits rapid rates of loading to test large numbers of pieces from commercial
lumber production. These tests can be carried out at the production sites or in a laboratory.
1. Scope ogy for evaluating the data and assigning allowable properties
to both tested and untested grade/size cells is necessary.
1.1 This practice covers the principles and procedures for
Sampling and analysis of tested cells are covered in Practice
establishing allowable stress values for bending, tension par-
D2915. The mechanical test methods are covered in Test
allel to grain, compression parallel to grain and modulus of
Methods D198 and D4761. This practice covers the necessary
elasticity values for structural design from “In-Grade” tests of
procedures for assigning allowable stress and modulus of
full-size visually graded solid sawn dimension lumber. This
elasticity values to dimension lumber from In-Grade tests.The
practice also covers procedures for periodic monitoring, and
practice includes methods to permit assignment of allowable
additional procedures, if needed, for evaluation and possible
stress and modulus of elasticity values to untested sizes and
reassessment of assigned design values. This practice is fo-
grades, as well as some untested properties. The practice
cused on, but is not limited to, grades which used the concepts
includes procedures for periodic monitoring of the species or
incorporated in Practice D245 and were developed and inter-
species group to quantify potential changes in the product and
preted under American Softwood Lumber PS 20.
verification of the assigned design values through, evaluation,
1.2 A basic assumption of the procedures used in this
and reassessment.
practice is that the samples selected and tested are representa-
NOTE 1—In the implementation of the North American In-Grade test
tive of the entire global population being evaluated. This
program, allowable stress values for compression perpendicular to grain
approach is consistent with the historical clear wood method-
and shear parallel to grain for structural design were calculated using the
ology of assigning an allowable property to visually-graded
procedures of Practice D245.
lumber which was representative of the entire growth range of
1.4 This practice only covers dimension lumber.
aspeciesorspeciesgroup.Everyeffortshallbemadetoensure
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the
the test sample is representative of population by grade and
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
size (see 7.1.1 and 7.1.2).
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
1.3 Due to the number of specimens involved and the
priate safety, health, and environmental practices and deter-
number of mechanical properties to be evaluated, a methodol-
mine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
1.6 This international standard was developed in accor-
1
dance with internationally recognized principles on standard-
This practice is under the jurisdiction ofASTM Committee D07 on Wood and
is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D07.02 on Lumber and Engineered
ization established in the Decision on Principles for the
Wood Products.
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recom-
Current edition approved Oct. 1, 2019. Published November 2019. Originally
mendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical
approved in 1991. Last previous edition approved in 2016 as D1990–16. DOI:
10.1520/D1990-19. Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 B
...

This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
Designation: D1990 − 16 D1990 − 19
Standard Practice for
Establishing Allowable Properties for Visually-Graded
Dimension Lumber from In-Grade Tests of Full-Size
1
Specimens
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D1990; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
INTRODUCTION
Visual stress-grades of lumber manufactured in North America have evolved from the procedures
of Practice D245. Allowable stress and modulus of elasticity values were determined for these grades
using the procedures of Practice D245 and the appropriate clear wood values of Practice D2555. The
clear wood values of Practice D2555 were developed from tests of small clear specimens.
Development of allowable stress and modulus of elasticity values from tests of full-size structural
lumber as commercially produced and marketed has become possible with the development of suitable
test equipment that permits rapid rates of loading to test large numbers of pieces from commercial
lumber production. These tests can be carried out at the production sites or in a laboratory.
1. Scope
1.1 This practice covers the principles and procedures for establishing allowable stress values for bending, tension parallel to
grain, compression parallel to grain and modulus of elasticity values for structural design from “In-Grade” tests of full-size visually
graded solid sawn dimension lumber. This practice also covers procedures for periodic monitoring, and additional procedures, if
needed, for evaluation and possible reassessment of assigned design values. This practice is focused on, but is not limited to, grades
which used the concepts incorporated in Practice D245 and were developed and interpreted under American Softwood Lumber PS
20.
1.2 A basic assumption of the procedures used in this practice is that the samples selected and tested are representative of the
entire global population being evaluated. This approach is consistent with the historical clear wood methodology of assigning an
allowable property to visually-graded lumber which was representative of the entire growth range of a species or species group.
Every effort shall be made to ensure the test sample is representative of population by grade and size (see 7.1.1 and 7.1.2).
1.3 Due to the number of specimens involved and the number of mechanical properties to be evaluated, a methodology for
evaluating the data and assigning allowable properties to both tested and untested grade/size cells is necessary. Sampling and
analysis of tested cells are covered in Practice D2915. The mechanical test methods are covered in Test Methods D198 and D4761.
This practice covers the necessary procedures for assigning allowable stress and modulus of elasticity values to dimension lumber
from In-Grade tests. The practice includes methods to permit assignment of allowable stress and modulus of elasticity values to
untested sizes and grades, as well as some untested properties. The practice includes procedures for periodic monitoring of the
species or species group to quantify potential changes in the product and verification of the assigned design values through,
evaluation, and reassessment.
NOTE 1—In the implementation of the North American In-Grade test program, allowable stress values for compression perpendicular to grain and shear
parallel to grain for structural design were calculated using the procedures of Practice D245.
1.4 This practice only covers dimension lumber.
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility
of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety safety, health, and healthenvironmental practices and determine the
applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
1
This practice is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D07 on Wood and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D07.02 on Lumber and Engineered Wood
Products.
Current edition approved May 1, 2016Oct. 1, 2019. Published June 2016November 2019. Originally approved in 1991. Last previous edition approved in 20142016 as
D1990 – 14.D1990–16. DOI: 10.1520/D1990-16.10.1520/D1990-19.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
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