ASTM D7309-07a
(Test Method)Standard Test Method for Determining Flammability Characteristics of Plastics and Other Solid Materials Using Microscale Combustion Calorimetry
Standard Test Method for Determining Flammability Characteristics of Plastics and Other Solid Materials Using Microscale Combustion Calorimetry
SCOPE
1.1 This test method, which is similar to thermal analysis techniques, establishes a procedure for determining flammability characteristics of combustible materials such as plastics.
1.2 The test is conducted in a laboratory environment using controlled heating of milligram specimens and complete thermal oxidation of the specimen gases.
1.3 Specimens of known mass are thermally decomposed in an oxygen-free (anaerobic) or oxidizing (aerobic) environment at a constant heating rate between 0.2 and 2 K/s.
1.4 The heat released by the specimen is determined from the mass of oxygen consumed to completely oxidize (combust) the specimen gases.
1.5 The rate of heat released by combustion of the specimen gases produced during controlled thermal or thermoxidative decomposition of the specimen is computed from the rate of oxygen consumption.
1.6 The specimen temperatures over which combustion heat is released are measured.
1.7 The mass of specimen remaining after the test is measured and used to compute the residual mass fraction.
1.8 The specimen shall be a material or composite material in any form (fiber, film, powder, pellet, droplet). This test method has been developed to facilitate material development and research.
1.9 This standard is used to measure and describe the response of materials, products, or assemblies to heat and flame under controlled conditions, but does not by itself incorporate all factors required for fire hazard or fire risk assessment of the materials, products, or assemblies under actual fire conditions.
This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.Note 1
There is no ISO equivalent to this test method.
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Designation: D7309 – 07a
Standard Test Method for
Determining Flammability Characteristics of Plastics and
Other Solid Materials Using Microscale Combustion
1
Calorimetry
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D7309; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
NOTE 1—There is no ISO equivalent to this test method.
1. Scope
1.1 This test method, which is similar to thermal analysis
2. Referenced Documents
techniques, establishes a procedure for determining flamma-
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
bility characteristics of combustible materials such as plastics.
D883 Terminology Relating to Plastics
1.2 The test is conducted in a laboratory environment using
D5865 Test Method for Gross Calorific Value of Coal and
controlled heating of milligram specimens and complete ther-
Coke
mal oxidation of the specimen gases.
E176 Terminology of Fire Standards
1.3 Specimens of known mass are thermally decomposed in
E1591 Guide for Obtaining Data for Deterministic Fire
an oxygen-free (anaerobic) or oxidizing (aerobic) environment
Models
at a constant heating rate between 0.2 and 2 K/s.
1.4 The heat released by the specimen is determined from
3. Terminology
themassofoxygenconsumedtocompletelyoxidize(combust)
3.1 Definitions:
the specimen gases.
3.1.1 For definitions of terms relating to plastics, refer to
1.5 Therateofheatreleasedbycombustionofthespecimen
Terminology D883.
gases produced during controlled thermal or thermoxidative
3.1.2 For definitions of terms relating to fire, refer to
decomposition of the specimen is computed from the rate of
Terminology E176.
oxygen consumption.
3.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:
1.6 Thespecimentemperaturesoverwhichcombustionheat
3.2.1 combustion residue, n—thenon-volatilechemicalspe-
is released are measured.
cies remaining after controlled thermal oxidative decomposi-
1.7 The mass of specimen remaining after the test is
tion of a specimen.
measured and used to compute the residual mass fraction.
3.2.2 combustion temperature, n—the specimen tempera-
1.8 The specimen shall be a material or composite material
tureatwhichthespecificcombustionrateisamaximumduring
in any form (fiber, film, powder, pellet, droplet). This test
controlled thermal oxidative decomposition.
method has been developed to facilitate material development
3.2.3 controlled heating, n—a controlled temperature pro-
and research.
gramusedtoeffectthermaldecompositionoroxidativethermal
1.9 This standard is used to measure and describe the
decomposition in which the temperature of the specimen is
response of materials, products, or assemblies to heat and
uniform throughout and increases with time at a constant rate.
flame under controlled conditions, but does not by itself
3.2.4 controlled thermal (or thermal oxidative) decomposi-
incorporate all factors required for fire hazard or fire risk
tion, n—thermal (oxidative) decomposition under controlled
assessment of the materials, products, or assemblies under
heating.
actual fire conditions.
3.2.5 heat release capacity, n—the maximum specific heat
1.10 This standard does not purport to address all of the
release rate during a controlled thermal decomposition divided
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
by the heating rate in the test.
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
3.2.6 heating rate, n—the constant rate of temperature rise
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
of the specimen during the controlled temperature program.
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.
1
This test method is under the jurisdiction ofASTM Committee D20 on Plastics
2
and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D20.30 on Thermal Properties. For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
Current edition approved Nov. 1, 2007. Published November 2007. Originally contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
approved in 2007. Last previous edition approved in 2007 as D7309 – 07. DOI: Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
10.1520/D7309-07A. the ASTM website.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.
1
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D7309 – 07a
3
3.2.7 heat release temperature, n—the specimen tempera-
r = density of oxygen at ambient conditions, g/cm
tureatwhichthespecificheatreleaserateisamaximumduring
t = time synchronized to temperature, x - t,s
controlled thermal decomposition.
T = heat release temperature, K
...
This document is not anASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of anASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
Designation:D7309–07 Designation: D 7309 – 07a
Standard Test Method for
Determining Flammability Characteristics of Plastics and
Other Solid Materials Using Microscale Combustion
1
Calorimetry
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D 7309; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope
1.1 This test method, which is similar to thermal analysis techniques, establishes a procedure for determining flammability
characteristics of combustible materials such as plastics.
1.2 The test is conducted in a laboratory environment using controlled heating of milligram specimens and complete thermal
oxidation of the specimen gases.
1.3 Specimens of known mass are thermally decomposed in an oxygen-free (anaerobic) or oxidizing (aerobic) environment at
a constant heating rate between 0.2 and 2 K/s.
1.4 The heat released by the specimen is determined from the mass of oxygen consumed to completely oxidize (combust) the
specimen gases.
1.5 The rate of heat released by combustion of the specimen gases produced during controlled thermal or thermoxidative
decomposition of the specimen is computed from the rate of oxygen consumption.
1.6 The specimen temperatures over which combustion heat is released are measured.
1.7 The mass of specimen remaining after the test is measured and used to compute the residual mass fraction.
1.8 The specimen shall be a material or composite material in any form (fiber, film, powder, pellet, droplet). This test method
has been developed to facilitate material development and research.
1.9 This standard is used to measure and describe the response of materials, products, or assemblies to heat and flame under
controlled conditions, but does not by itself incorporate all factors required for fire hazard or fire risk assessment of the materials,
products, or assemblies under actual fire conditions.
1.10 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility
of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory
limitations prior to use.
NOTE 1—There is no ISO equivalent to this test method.
2. Referenced Documents
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
D 883 Terminology Relating to Plastics
D 5865 Test Method for Gross Calorific Value of Coal and Coke
E 176 Terminology of Fire Standards
E 1591 Guide for Obtaining Data for Deterministic Fire Models
3. Terminology
3.1 Definitions:
3.1.1 For definitions of terms relating to plastics, refer to Terminology D 883.
3.1.2 For definitions of terms relating to fire, refer to Terminology E 176.
3.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:
3.2.1 combustion residue, n—the non-volatile chemical species remaining after controlled thermal oxidative decomposition of
a specimen.
1
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D20 on Plastics and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D20.30 on Thermal Properties .
Current edition approved April 1, 2007. Published April 2007.
Current edition approved Nov. 1, 2007. Published November 2007. Originally approved in 2007. Last previous edition approved in 2007 as D 7309 – 07.
2
For referencedASTM standards, visit theASTM website, www.astm.org, or contactASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM Standards
volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on the ASTM website.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.
1
---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
D 7309 – 07a
3.2.2 combustion temperature, n—the specimen temperature at which the specific combustion rate is a maximum during
controlled thermal oxidative decomposition.
3.2.3 controlled heating, n—a controlled temperature program used to effect thermal decomposition or oxidative thermal
decomposition in which the temperature of the specimen is uniform throughout and increases with time at a constant rate.
3.2.4 controlled thermal (or thermal oxidative) decomposition, n—thermal(oxidative)decompositionundercontrolledheating.
3.2.5 heat release capacity, n—the maximum specific heat release rate during a controlled thermal decomposition divided by
the heating rate in the test.
3.2.6 heating rate, n—the
...
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