ASTM A394-08e1
(Specification)Standard Specification for Steel Transmission Tower Bolts, Zinc-Coated and Bare
Standard Specification for Steel Transmission Tower Bolts, Zinc-Coated and Bare
ABSTRACT
This specification covers the chemical and mechanical requirements of hexagon and square-head zinc-coated steel bolts and atmospheric corrosion-resistant bolts for use in the construction of transmission towers, substations, and similar steel structures. The following types of bolts are: Type 0 includes hot-dip zinc-coated bolts made of low or medium carbon steel, Type 1 includes hot-dip zinc-coated bolts made of medium carbon steel, quenched and tempered, Type 2, and Type 3 includes bare, quenched, and tempered bolts made of weathering steel. Steel for the manufacture of bolts shall be made by any of the following processes: open-hearth, electric-furnace, or basic-oxygen. Type 1 bolts produced from medium carbon steel shall be quenched in a liquid medium from above the austenizing temperature. Type 1 bolts produced from medium carbon steel to which chromium, nickel, molybdenum, or boron were intentionally added shall be quenched only in oil from above the austenitizing temperature. Type 3 bolts shall be quenched only in oil from above the austenitizing temperature. Cold-headed Type 0 bolts shall be stress relief annealed before zinc coating to remove cold work effects such that the hardness measured anywhere on the surface or through the cross-section shall meet the requirement specified. Different tests shall be conducted in order to determine the following mechanical properties of bolts: hardness, tensile strength, and shear strength.
SCOPE
1.1 This specification covers the chemical and mechanical requirements of hexagon and square-head zinc-coated steel bolts and atmospheric corrosion-resistant bolts, in nominal thread diameters of ½ 5/8, ¾ , 7/8 and 1 in. for use in the construction of transmission towers, substations, and similar steel structures. The various types of bolts covered in this specification are:
1.1.1 Type 0—Hot-dip zinc-coated bolts made of low or medium carbon steel.
1.1.2 Type 1—Hot-dip zinc-coated bolts made of medium carbon steel, quenched and tempered.
1.1.3 Type 2—Withdrawn in 2005.
1.1.4 Type 3—Bare (uncoated), quenched and tempered bolts made of weathering steel.
1.2 Annex A1 of this specification covers hot-dip zinc-coated steel ladder bolts, step bolts, and support-equipment bolts.
1.3 Nuts and washers that are supplied under this specification that are hot-dip zinc coated shall be in accordance with 4.4.
1.4 Terms used in this specification are defined in Terminology F1789.
1.5 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only.
1.6 The following safety hazards caveat pertains only to the test methods portion, Section 11, of this specification. This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
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Standards Content (Sample)
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Designation:A394 −08
StandardSpecification for
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Steel Transmission Tower Bolts, Zinc-Coated and Bare
This standard is issued under the fixed designation A394; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the U.S. Department of Defense.
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ε NOTE—Table 1 was editorially revised in November 2011.
1. Scope* 2. Referenced Documents
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1.1 This specification covers the chemical and mechanical 2.1 ASTM Standards:
requirements of hexagon and square-head zinc-coated steel A563 Specification for Carbon and Alloy Steel Nuts
bolts and atmospheric corrosion-resistant bolts, in nominal D3951 Practice for Commercial Packaging
1 5 3 7
thread diameters of ⁄2, ⁄8, ⁄4 , ⁄8 and 1 in. for use in the F436 Specification for Hardened Steel Washers
construction of transmission towers, substations, and similar F606 Test Methods for Determining the Mechanical Proper-
steel structures. The various types of bolts covered in this ties of Externally and Internally Threaded Fasteners,
specification are: Washers, Direct Tension Indicators, and Rivets
1.1.1 Type 0—Hot-dip zinc-coated bolts made of low or F788/F788M Specification for Surface Discontinuities of
medium carbon steel. Bolts, Screws, and Studs, Inch and Metric Series
1.1.2 Type 1—Hot-dip zinc-coated bolts made of medium F1470 Practice for Fastener Sampling for Specified Me-
carbon steel, quenched and tempered. chanical Properties and Performance Inspection
1.1.3 Type 2—Withdrawn in 2005. F1789 Terminology for F16 Mechanical Fasteners
1.1.4 Type 3—Bare (uncoated), quenched and tempered F2329 Specification for Zinc Coating, Hot-Dip, Require-
bolts made of weathering steel. ments for Application to Carbon and Alloy Steel Bolts,
Screws, Washers, Nuts, and Special Threaded Fasteners
1.2 Annex A1 of this specification covers hot-dip zinc-
G101 Guide for Estimating the Atmospheric Corrosion Re-
coated steel ladder bolts, step bolts, and support-equipment
sistance of Low-Alloy Steels
bolts.
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2.2 ASME Standards:
1.3 Nuts and washers that are supplied under this specifica-
B1.1 Unified Screw Threads
tion that are hot-dip zinc coated shall be in accordance with
B18.2.1 Square and Hex Bolts and Screws
4.4.
B18.24 Part Identifying Number (PIN) Code System Stan-
1.4 Terms used in this specification are defined in Termi-
dard for B18 Fastener Products
nology F1789.
3. Ordering Information
1.5 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded
as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for 3.1 Ordersforproductsunderthisspecificationshallinclude
information only. the following:
3.1.1 Quantity (number of bolts and accessories).
1.6 The following safety hazards caveat pertains only to the
3.1.2 Name of products, including accessories such as A563
test methods portion, Section 11, of this specification. This
nuts and F436 washers when desired.
standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns,
3.1.3 Dimensions, including nominal bolt diameter and
if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user
length. For bolts other than transmission-tower bolts, complete
of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health
dimensions are required (see Annex A1).
practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limita-
tions prior to use.
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For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
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This specification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee F16 on contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
Fasteners and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee F16.02 on Steel Bolts, Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
Nuts, Rivets and Washers. the ASTM website.
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Current edition approved Dec. 1, 2008. Published January 2009. Originally Available from American Society of Mechanical Engineers (ASME), ASME
approved in 1955. Last previous edition approved in 2007 as A394 – 07. DOI: International Headquarters, Three Park Ave., New York, NY 10016-5990, http://
10.1520/A0394-08E01. www.asme.org.
*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
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A394−08
3.1.4 Type of bolt (for example, Type 0, 1, or 3). 4.2.3 Type 1 bolts, regardless of the steel used, and Type 3
3.1.4.1 When non-zinc-coated atmospheric corrosion- bolts shall be tempered by reheating to not less than 800°F.
resistant steel is required,Type 3 bolts sha
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