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ASTM D5800-14

(Test Method)

Standard Test Method for Evaporation Loss of Lubricating Oils by the Noack Method

Standard Test Method for Evaporation Loss of Lubricating Oils by the Noack Method

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 The evaporation loss is of particular importance in engine lubrication. Where high temperatures occur, portions of an oil can evaporate.  
5.2 Evaporation may contribute to oil consumption in an engine and can lead to a change in the properties of an oil.  
5.3 Many engine manufacturers specify a maximum allowable evaporation loss.  
5.4 Some engine manufacturers, when specifying a maximum allowable evaporation loss, quote this test method along with the specifications.  
5.5 Procedure C, using the Selby-Noack apparatus, also permits collection of the volatile oil vapors for determination of their physical and chemical properties. Elemental analysis of the collected volatiles may be helpful in identifying components such as phosphorous, which has been linked to premature degradation of the emission system catalyst.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers three procedures for determining the evaporation loss of lubricating oils (particularly engine oils). Procedure A uses the Noack evaporative tester equipment; Procedure B uses the automated non-Woods metal Noack evaporative apparatus; and Procedure C uses Selby-Noack volatility test equipment. The test method relates to one set of operating conditions but may be readily adapted to other conditions when required.  
1.2 Noack results determined using Procedures A and B show consistent differences. Procedure A gives slightly lower results versus Procedure B on formulated engine oils, while Procedure A gives higher results versus Procedure B on basestocks.  
1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.  
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

General Information

Status
Historical
Publication Date
30-Sep-2014
ICS
75.100 - Lubricants, industrial oils and related products
Technical Committee
D02 - Petroleum Products, Liquid Fuels, and Lubricants
Drafting Committee
D02.06 - Analysis of Liquid Fuels and Lubricants
Current Stage
Ref Project

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Replaced By
ASTM D5800-14e1 - Standard Test Method for Evaporation Loss of Lubricating Oils by the Noack Method
Effective Date
01-Oct-2014

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Standards Content (Sample)

NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information
Designation: D5800 − 14
StandardTest Method for
1
Evaporation Loss of Lubricating Oils by the Noack Method
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D5800; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision.Anumber in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope* Data for Use in Test Methods for Petroleum Products and
Lubricants
1.1 This test method covers three procedures for determin-
3
2.2 DIN Standards:
ing the evaporation loss of lubricating oils (particularly engine
DIN 1725Specification for Aluminum Alloys
oils). Procedure A uses the Noack evaporative tester equip-
DIN 12785Specifications for Glass Thermometers
ment; Procedure B uses the automated non-Woods metal
Noack evaporative apparatus; and Procedure C uses Selby-
3. Terminology
Noack volatility test equipment.The test method relates to one
set of operating conditions but may be readily adapted to other 3.1 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:
conditions when required. 3.1.1 evaporation loss—of a lubricating oil by the Noack
method, that mass of volatile oil vapors lost when the oil is
1.2 Noack results determined using Procedures A and B
heatedinatestcruciblethroughwhichaconstantflowofairis
show consistent differences. Procedure A gives slightly lower
drawn.
results versus Procedure B on formulated engine oils, while
3.1.2 volatility, n—the tendency of a liquid to form a vapor.
Procedure A gives higher results versus Procedure B on
basestocks.
4. Summary of Test Method
1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as
4.1 A measured quantity of sample is placed in an evapo-
standard. No other units of measurement are included in this
ration crucible or reaction flask that is then heated to 250°C
standard.
with a constant flow of air drawn through it for 60 min. The
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the
loss in mass of the oil is determined.
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
4.2 Interlaboratory tests have shown that Procedure A,
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
Procedure B, and Procedure C yield essentially equivalent
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
2
results, with a correlation coefficient of R = 0.996. See the
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.
research report for the Selby-Noack interlaboratory study.
2. Referenced Documents
5. Significance and Use
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
5.1 The evaporation loss is of particular importance in
D4057Practice for Manual Sampling of Petroleum and
engine lubrication.Where high temperatures occur, portions of
Petroleum Products
an oil can evaporate.
D4177Practice for Automatic Sampling of Petroleum and
Petroleum Products
5.2 Evaporation may contribute to oil consumption in an
D6299Practice for Applying Statistical Quality Assurance
engine and can lead to a change in the properties of an oil.
and Control Charting Techniques to Evaluate Analytical
5.3 Many engine manufacturers specify a maximum allow-
Measurement System Performance
able evaporation loss.
D6300Practice for Determination of Precision and Bias
5.4 Some engine manufacturers, when specifying a maxi-
mum allowable evaporation loss, quote this test method along
1
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D02 on
with the specifications.
Petroleum Products, Liquid Fuels, and Lubricants and is the direct responsibility of
5.5 Procedure C, using the Selby-Noack apparatus, also
Subcommittee D02.06 on Analysis of Lubricants.
Current edition approved Oct. 1, 2014. Published October 2014. Originally
permits collection of the volatile oil vapors for determination
approved in 1995. Last previous edition approved in 2008 as D5800–10. DOI:
oftheirphysicalandchemicalproperties.Elementalanalysisof
10.1520/D5800-14.
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
3
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on Available from Deutsches Institut für Normunge, Beuth Verlag GmbH, Burg-
the ASTM website. grafen Strasse 6, 1000 Berlin 30, Germany.
*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1

---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
D5800 − 14
the collected volatiles may be helpful in identifying compo- 6.11 Manometer, inclined form, water-filled, precision 0.2
nentssuchasphosphorous,whichhasbeenlinkedtopremature mm H O or suitable pressure sensor capable of measuring 20
2
degradation of
...

This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
Designation: D5800 − 10 D5800 − 14
Standard Test Method for
1
Evaporation Loss of Lubricating Oils by the Noack Method
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D5800; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope*
1.1 This test method covers three procedures for determining the evaporation loss of lubricating oils (particularly engine oils).
Procedure A uses the Noack evaporative tester equipment; Procedure B uses the automated non-Woods metal Noack evaporative
apparatus; and Procedure C uses Selby-Noack volatility test equipment. The test method relates to one set of operating conditions
but may be readily adapted to other conditions when required.
1.2 Noack results determined using Procedures A and B show consistent differences. Procedure A gives slightly lower results
versus Procedure B on formulated engine oils, while Procedure A gives higher results versus Procedure B on basestocks.
1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility
of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory
limitations prior to use.
2. Referenced Documents
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
D4057 Practice for Manual Sampling of Petroleum and Petroleum Products
D4177 Practice for Automatic Sampling of Petroleum and Petroleum Products
D6299 Practice for Applying Statistical Quality Assurance and Control Charting Techniques to Evaluate Analytical Measure-
ment System Performance
D6300 Practice for Determination of Precision and Bias Data for Use in Test Methods for Petroleum Products and Lubricants
3
2.2 DIN Standards:
DIN 1725 Specification for Aluminum Alloys
DIN 12785 Specifications for Glass Thermometers
3. Terminology
3.1 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:
3.1.1 evaporation loss—of a lubricating oil by the Noack method, that mass of volatile oil vapors lost when the oil is heated
in a test crucible through which a constant flow of air is drawn.
3.1.2 volatility, n—the tendency of a liquid to form a vapor.
4. Summary of Test Method
4.1 A measured quantity of sample is placed in an evaporation crucible or reaction flask that is then heated to 250°C with a
constant flow of air drawn through it for 60 min. The loss in mass of the oil is determined.
4.2 Interlaboratory tests have shown that Procedure A, Procedure B, and Procedure C yield essentially equivalent results, with
2
a correlation coefficient of R = 0.996. See the research report for the Selby-Noack interlaboratory study.
1
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D02 on Petroleum Products Products, Liquid Fuels, and Lubricants and is the direct responsibility of
Subcommittee D02.06 on Analysis of Lubricants.
Current edition approved Aug. 1, 2010Oct. 1, 2014. Published August 2010October 2014. Originally approved in 1995. Last previous edition approved in 2008 as
D5800D5800 – 10.–08. DOI: 10.1520/D5800-10.10.1520/D5800-14.
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM Standards
volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on the ASTM website.
3
Available from Deutsches Institut für Normunge, Beuth Verlag GmbH, Burggrafen Strasse 6, 1000 Berlin 30, Germany.
*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1

---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
D5800 − 14
5. Significance and Use
5.1 The evaporation loss is of particular importance in engine lubrication. Where high temperatures occur, portions of an oil can
evaporate.
5.2 Evaporation may contribute to oil consumption in an engine and can lead to a change in the properties of an oil.
5.3 Many engine manufacturers specify a maximum allowable evaporation loss.
5.4 Some engine manufacturers, when specifying a maximum allowable evaporation loss, quote this test method along with the
specifications.
5.5 Procedure C, using the Selby-Noack apparatus, also permits c
...

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Note 1: It is not the intent of this practice to establish or recommend normal, cautionary, warning or alert limits for any machinery. Such limits should be established in conjunction with advice and guidance from the machinery manufacturer and maintenance group.  
1.3 Spectra and distribution profiles presented herein are for illustrative purposes only and are not to be construed as representing or establishing lubricant or machinery guidelines.  
1.4 This practice is designed as a fast, simple spectroscopic check for condition monitoring of in-service lubricants and can be used to assist in the determination of general machinery health through measurement of properties observable in the mid-infrared spectrum such as water, oil oxidation, and others as noted in 1.1. The infrared data generated by this practice is typically used in conjunction with other testing methods. For example, infrared spectroscopy cannot determine wear metal levels or any other type of elemental analysis. The practice as presented is not intended for the prediction of lubricant physical properties (for example, viscosity, total base number, total acid number, etc.). This practice is designed for monitoring in-service lubricants and can aid in the determination of general machinery health and is not designed for the analysis of lubricant composition, lubricant performance or additive package formulations.  
1.5 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.  
1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of t...

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ASTM
ASTM D7216-23(Test Method)
Standard Test Method for Determining Automotive Engine Oil Compatibility with Typical Seal Elastomers

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 Some engine oil formulations have been shown to lack compatibility with certain elastomers used for seals in automotive engines. These deleterious effects on the elastomer are greatest with new engine oils (that is, oils that have not been exposed to an engine’s operating environment) and when the exposure is at elevated temperatures.  
5.2 This test method requires that non-reference oil(s) be tested in parallel with a reference oil known to be aggressive for some parameters under service conditions. This relative  compatibility permits decisions on the anticipated or predicted performance of the non-reference oil in service.  
5.3 Elastomer materials can show significant variation in physical properties, not only from batch to batch but also within a sheet and from sheet to sheet. Results obtained with the reference oil are submitted by the test laboratories to the TMC to allow it to update continually the total and within-laboratory standard deviation estimates. These estimates, therefore, incorporate effects of variations in the properties of the reference elastomers on the test variability.  
5.4 This test method is suitable for specification compliance testing, quality control, referee testing, and research and development.  
5.5 The reference elastomers, reference oil, and the physical properties involved in this test method address the specific requirements of engine oils. Although other tests exist for compatibility of elastomers with liquids, these are considered too generalized for engine oils.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers quantitative procedures for the evaluation of the compatibility of automotive engine oils with several reference elastomers typical of those used in the sealing materials in contact with these oils. Compatibility is evaluated by determining the changes in volume, Durometer A hardness, and tensile properties when the elastomer specimens are immersed in the oil for a specified time and temperature.  
1.2 Effective sealing action requires that the physical properties of elastomers used for any seal have a high level of resistance to the liquid or oil in which they are immersed. When such a high level of resistance exists, the elastomer is said to be compatible with the liquid or oil.
Note 1: The user of this test method should be proficient in the use of Test Methods D412 (tensile properties), D471 (effect of rubber immersion in liquids), D2240 (Durometer hardness), and D5662 (gear oil compatibility with typical oil seal elastomers), all of which are involved in the execution of the operations of this test method.  
1.3 This test method provides a preliminary or first order evaluation of oil/elastomer compatibility only. Because seals might be subjected to static or dynamic loads, or both, and they can operate over a range of conditions, a complete evaluation of the potential sealing performance of any elastomer-oil combination in any service condition usually requires tests additional to those described in this test method.  
1.4 The several reference elastomer formulations specified in this test method were chosen to be representative of those used in both heavy-duty diesel engines (detailed in Annex A1) and passenger-car spark-ignition engines (the latter are covered in Annex A2). The procedures described in this test method can, however, also be used to evaluate the compatibility of automotive engine oils with different elastomer types/formulations or different test durations and temperatures to those employed in this test method.
Note 2: In such cases, the precision and bias statement in Section 12 does not apply. In addition to agreeing acceptable limits of precision, where relevant, the user and supplier should also agree:  (1) test temperatures and immersion times to be used; (2) the formulations and typical properties of the elastomers; and (3) the sourcing and quality control of the elastomer sheets.
Note 3: The TMC may also issue In...

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ASTM
ASTM D7918-23(Test Method)
Standard Test Method for Measurement of Flow Properties and Evaluation of Wear, Contaminants, and Oxidative Properties of Lubricating Grease by Die Extrusion Method and Preparation

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 Trending the wear, contamination, consistency, and oxidative properties of a lubricating grease is a crucial part of condition-monitoring programs. Changes in these properties or deviations from the new grease can be indicative of problems within the lubricated component, such as the mixing of incompatible thickener types, excessive wear or contaminant levels, or significant depletion of antioxidant levels. These test methods also makes it possible to develop trends that can be used to predict failures before they occur and allow for corrective action to be taken.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the determination and evaluation of flow properties, wear levels, contaminants, and oxidative condition of new and in-service lubricating grease.  
1.2 This test method provides guidance on evaluating in-service grease samples, NLGI grades 00 to 3, for wear, consistency, contamination, and oxidation.  
1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only.  
1.3.1 Exception—The exception to this will be where units of references were developed by the developers of the test equipment and necessary to report the results of the test.  
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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ASTM
ASTM D7922-23(Test Method)
Standard Test Method for Determination of Glycol for In-Service Engine Oils by Gas Chromatography

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 Some glycol/antifreeze dilution of in-service engine oil is normal under typical operating conditions. However, excessive glycol dilution can lead to decreased performance, premature wear, or sudden engine failure. This test method provides a means of quantifying the level of glycol based antifreeze dilution, allowing the user to take necessary action.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the determination of glycol based antifreeze for in-service engine oil by derivative headspace/gas chromatography.  
1.2 Sample is derivatized in-situ directly in a headspace sampling vial prior to vapor phase extraction and injection into a gas chromatograph.  
1.3 The chemistry of the derivatization is unique to the detection of the molecules of ethylene glycol and 1,2-propylene glycol. 1,3-propylene glycol could also be detected but is not used in any known anti-freeze at this time. Other coolant analyses are beyond the scope of this test method.  
1.4 The derivatization process does not affect glycol breakdown products such as glycolate and formate and hence the presence of these compounds in the oil will not be quantified.  
1.5 The test method concentration range is from 50 µg/g to 1000 µg/g. Lower levels are possible by method modifications. Higher levels are possible through sample dilution.  
1.6 Units—The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.  
1.7 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.8 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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