ASTM F1684-06(2011)

Standard Specification for Iron-Nickel and Iron-Nickel-Cobalt Alloys for Low Thermal Expansion Applications

ABSTRACT
This specification covers the requirements and corresponding test methods for two iron-nickel alloys and one iron-nickel-cobalt alloy, for low thermal expansion applications. The two iron-nickel alloys, which both contain nominally 36 % nickel and 64 % iron, are the conventional alloy designated as UNS No. K93603 and the free-machining alloy designated as UNS No. K93050. On the other hand, the iron-nickel-cobalt alloy contains nominally 32 % nickel, 5 % cobalt and 63 % iron, and is designated as UNS No. K93500. UNS No. K93603 and UNS No. K93500 shall be in the forms of wire, rod, bar, strip, sheet plate, and tubing, while UNS No. K93050 shall be for bar products only. When test, the alloys shall comply to specified requirements for chemical composition, surface finish, temper, grain size, hardness, tensile strength, thermal expansion, transformation, and dimensions.
SCOPE
1.1 This specification covers two iron-nickel alloys and one iron-nickel-cobalt alloy, for low thermal expansion applications. The two iron-nickel alloys, both containing nominally 36 % nickel and 64 % iron, with the conventional alloy designated by UNS No. K93603, and the free-machining alloy designated as UNS No. K93050. The iron-nickel-cobalt alloy, containing nominally 32 % nickel, 5 % cobalt and 63 % iron, is designated by UNS No. K93500. This specification defines the following product forms for UNS No. K93603 and UNS No. K93500: wire, rod, bar, strip, sheet plate, and tubing. The free-machining alloy, UNS No. K93050, is defined for bar products only. Unless otherwise indicated, all articles apply to all three alloys.
1.2 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.
1.3 This pertains only to the test method section, Section 13.  This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

General Information

• Status: Historical
• Publication Date: 31-May-2011
• ICS: 77.100 - Ferroalloys
• ICS: 77.120.40 - Nickel, chromium and their alloys
• Technical Committee: F01 - Electronics
• Drafting Committee: F01.03 - Metallic Materials, Wire Bonding, and Flip Chip

Relations

• Replaces: ASTM F1684-06 - Standard Specification for Iron-Nickel and Iron-Nickel-Cobalt Alloys for Low Thermal Expansion Applications
• Effective Date: 01-Jun-2011
• Referred By: ASTM D8303-20 - Standard Test Method for Determining Thermal Cracking Properties of Asphalt Mixtures Through Measurement of Thermally Induced Stress and Strain
• Effective Date: 01-Jun-2011

Standards Content (Sample)

NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information
Designation:F1684 −06(Reapproved 2011)
Standard Specification for
Iron-Nickel and Iron-Nickel-Cobalt Alloys for Low Thermal
Expansion Applications
This standard is issued under the fixed designation F1684; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision.Anumber in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope E10Test Method for Brinell Hardness of Metallic Materials
E18Test Methods for Rockwell Hardness of Metallic Ma-
1.1 This specification covers two iron-nickel alloys and one
terials
iron-nickel-cobalt alloy, for low thermal expansion applica-
E29Practice for Using Significant Digits in Test Data to
tions. The two iron-nickel alloys, both containing nominally
Determine Conformance with Specifications
36% nickel and 64% iron, with the conventional alloy
E45Test Methods for Determining the Inclusion Content of
designated by UNS No. K93603, and the free-machining alloy
Steel
designated as UNS No. K93050. The iron-nickel-cobalt alloy,
E92TestMethodforVickersHardnessofMetallicMaterials
containingnominally32%nickel,5%cobaltand63%iron,is
(Withdrawn 2010)
designated by UNS No. K93500.This specification defines the
E112Test Methods for Determining Average Grain Size
following product forms for UNS No. K93603 and UNS No.
E140Hardness Conversion Tables for Metals Relationship
K93500: wire, rod, bar, strip, sheet plate, and tubing. The
Among Brinell Hardness, Vickers Hardness, Rockwell
free-machining alloy, UNS No. K93050, is defined for bar
Hardness, Superficial Hardness, Knoop Hardness, and
products only. Unless otherwise indicated, all articles apply to
Scleroscope Hardness
all three alloys.
E228Test Method for Linear Thermal Expansion of Solid
1.2 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded
Materials With a Push-Rod Dilatometer
as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical
E354 Test Methods for Chemical Analysis of High-
conversions to SI units that are provided for information only
Temperature,Electrical,Magnetic,andOtherSimilarIron,
and are not considered standard.
Nickel, and Cobalt Alloys
1.3 Thispertainsonlytothetestmethodsection,Section13. E1019Test Methods for Determination of Carbon, Sulfur,
This standard does not purport to address all of the safety
Nitrogen, and Oxygen in Steel, Iron, Nickel, and Cobalt
concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility
Alloys by Various Combustion and Fusion Techniques
of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and E1601Practice for Conducting an Interlaboratory Study to
health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory
Evaluate the Performance of an Analytical Method
limitations prior to use.
3. Ordering Information
2. Referenced Documents
3.1 Ordersformaterialunderthisspecificationshallinclude
the following information:
2.1 ASTM Standards:
3.1.1 Alloy, as indicated with UNS number,
D1971Practices for Digestion of Water Samples for Deter-
3.1.2 Size,
minationofMetalsbyFlameAtomicAbsorption,Graphite
3.1.3 Temper designation (Section 6),
Furnace Atomic Absorption, Plasma Emission
3.1.4 Surface finish (Section 10),
Spectroscopy, or Plasma Mass Spectrometry
3.1.5 Marking and packaging (Section 18), and
E8Test Methods for Tension Testing of Metallic Materials
3.1.6 Certification, if required.
NOTE 1—Certification should include traceability of the heat to the
This specification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee F01 on
original manufacturer.
Electronicsand is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee F01.03 on Metallic
Materials.
4. Chemical Requirements
Current edition approved June 1, 2011. Published June 2011. Originally
approved in 1996. Last previous edition approved in 2006 as F1684–06. DOI: 4.1 Each alloy shall conform to the requirements as to
10.1520/F1684-06R11.
chemical composition prescribed in Table 1.
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
contact ASTM Customer Service at [e-mail]. For Annual Book of ASTM
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on The last approved version of this historical standard is referenced on
the ASTM website. www.astm.org.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
F1684−06 (2011)
TABLE 1 Chemical Requirements TABLE 3 Tensile Strength Requirements for Wire and Rod
NOTE 1—Round observed or calculated values to the nearest unit in the NOTE 1—The tensile strength limits for Temper D apply only to
last right-hand place of figures used in expressing the limiting value, in material ⁄2 in. diameter and under. Consult 6.5 for hardness limits which
accordance with the rounding-off method of Practice E29. apply to larger rod sizes.
UNS No. UNS No. UNS No. Tensile Strength ksi (MPa)
Element
Temper Des- Temper
K93603 K93050 K93500 UNS No. UNS No. UNS No.
ignation Name
K93603 K93050 K93500
A A A
Iron, nominal remainder remainder remainder
A A A A Annealed 85 max 85 max 85 max
Nickel, nominal 36 36 32
(586 max) (586 max) (586 max)
A
Cobalt, max 0.50 0.50 5
B Cold worked 86 min 86 min 86 min
Manganese, max 0.60 1.00 0.60
(593 min) (593 min) (593 min)
Silicon, max 0.40 0.35 0.25
D Unannealed . . . 111 max .
Carbon, max 0.05 0.15 0.05
(765 max)
B C B
Aluminum, max 0.10 . 0.10
B C B
Magnesium, max 0.10 . 0.10
B C B
Zirconium, max 0.10 . 0.10
B C B
Titanium, max 0.10 . 0.10
Chromium, max 0.25 0.25 0.25
Selenium . 0.15 to 0.30 .
6.5 Rod—(UNS K93050 only) For Temper D (unannealed)
D D
Phosphorus, max 0.015 0.020 0.015
material, in rod sizes greater than ⁄2 in. diameter, the mid-
D D
Sulfur, max 0.015 0.020 0.015
radius Brinell Hardness shall be 235 maximum. Consult Test
A
For UNS No. K93603 and K93050, the iron, and nickel requirements are
Method E10 for Brinell Hardness test procedures.
nominal, while for UNS No. K93500, the iron, nickel, and cobalt requirements are
nominal. These levels may be adjusted by the manufacturer to meet the require-
6.6 Plate—Plate will be supplied in annealed temper. The
ments for the coefficient of thermal expansion as specified in 12.1.
B
propertiesforUNSK93603andUNSK93500willbeasshown
The total of aluminum, magnesium, titanium, and zirconium shall not exceed
0.20 %.
in Table 4.
C
These elements are not measured for this alloy.
D
The total of phosphorus and sulfur shall not exceed 0.025 %. 6.7 For rod forms, air anneal, followed by centerless grind-
ing to remove scale, is an acceptable alternate.
NOTE 2—Lower levels of phosphorus and sulfur may be required for 7. Grain Size
certain welding applications. These lower levels shall be negotiated, as
7.1 (UNS No. K93603 and No. K93500 only) Strip and
needed,betweenthevendoranduser.Weldingofthefree-machiningalloy
sheet for deep drawing shall have an average grain size not
(UNS No. K93050) is generally not recommended.
larger than ASTM No. 5 (Note 3), and no more than 10% of
5. Surface Lubricants
the grains shall be larger than No. 5 when measured in
accordance with Test Methods E112.
5.1 All lubricants used during cold-working operations,
such as drawing, rolling, or spinning, shall be capable of being
NOTE 3—This corresponds to a grain size of 0.065 mm, or 16
removed readily by any of the common organic degreasing
grains/in. of image at 100×.
solvents.
7.2 Finer grain sizes for deep drawing quality shall be
negotiated between user and supplier.
6. Temper
6.1 The desired temper of the material shall be specified in
8. Hardness
the purchase order.
8.1 Deep-Drawing Temper—(UNS No. K93603 and No.
6.2 Tube—(UNSNo.K93603andNo.K93500only)Unless
K93500 only) For deep drawing, the hardness shall not exceed
otherwise agreed upon between the supplier or manufacturer
157VickersHardnessformaterial0.100in.(2.54mm)andless
and the purchaser, these forms shall be given either a final
in thickness and 85 HRB for material over 0.100 in. in
bright anneal or anneal and descale by the manufacturer, and
thickness. The Vickers Hardness test shall be determined in
supplied in the annealed temper.
accordance with Test Method E92, while the Rockwell Hard-
ness test shall be determined in accordance with Test Methods
6.3 Strip and Sheet— (UNS No. K93603 and No. K93500
only)Theseformsshallbesuppliedinoneofthetempersgiven E18.
in Table 2 or in deep-drawing temper, as specified.
NOTE 4—For hardness conversions, use Table 3 of Standard E140.
6.4 Wire and Rod—These forms shall be supplied in one of
8.2 Rolled and Annealed Tempers—Hardness tests when
the tempers given in Table 3 as specified. Unless otherwise
properlyappliedcanbeindicativeoftensilestrength.Hardness
specified, the material shall be bright annealed and supplied in
scales and ranges for these tempers, if desirable, shall be
Temper A (annealed).
negotiated between supplier and purchaser.
TABLE 2 Tensile Strength Requirements for Strip and Sheet
Tensile Strength ksi (MPa)
TABLE 4 Room Temperature Tensile Strength Requirements for
Temper Temper
UNS No. K93603 UNS No. K93500
Designation Name Plate (UNS K93603 and K93500) Products
(Nominal Values)
A anealed 85 max (586 max) 85 max (586 max) 0.2 % Yield Strength 33.33 ksi (230 MPa) min – 50.7 ksi (350 MPa) max
B ⁄2 hard 86 min (593) 86 min (593) Tensile Strength 58 ksi (400 MPa) min – 72.5 ksi (500 MPa) max
C hard 105 min (724) 105 min (724) Hardness Rockwell B60 min – 85 max
F1684−06 (2011)
9. Tensile Strength 12.2 Typical thermal expansion data, thermal expansion
data for annealed material to higher temperatures, and for the
9.1 Strip and Sheet:
three-step anneal used for UNS K93600, are contained in
(UNS No. K93603 and No. K93500 only)
Appendix X1-Appendix X3.
9.1.1 Tensile strength shall be the basis for acceptance or
rejection for the tempers given in Table 2 and shall conform
13. Test for Thermal Expansion
with the requirements prescribed, unless alternative mechani-
cal properties (for example, ductility) and limits are negotiated
13.1 UNS No. K93603— Heat the specimen in a non-
between user and supplier. oxidizing atmosphere for a minimum of1hat8756 25°C.
9.1.2 Tension test specimens shall be taken so the longitu-
Cool at a rate not to exceed 300°C/h.
dinalaxisisparalleltothedirectionofrolling,andthetestshall
13.2 UNS No. K93050— Heat the specimen in a non-
be performed in accordance with Test Methods E8.
oxidizingatmosphereforaminimumof15minat815 625°C.
9.2 Wire and Rod: Air cool.
9.2.1 Tensile strength shall be the basis for acceptance or
13.3 UNS No. K93500— (1) Heat the specimen in a non-
rejection for the tempers given in Table 3 and shall conform to
oxidizing atmosphere for a minimum of1hat845 6 25°C.
the requirements prescribed, unless alternative mechanical
Water quench. ( 2) Heat the specimen for a minimum of1hat
properties (for example, ductility) and limits are negotiated
315 615°C.Aircool.(3)Heatthespecimenforaminimumof
between user and supplier.
24hat95 6 10°C. Air cool.
9.2.2 The test shall be performed in accordance with Test
NOTE 5—(Applies to 13.1-13.3): Alternative thermal treatments and
Methods E8.
resulting values of thermal coefficient of expansion may be negotiated
between the supplier and purchaser.
10. Surface Finish
13.4 Determine the thermal expansion characteristics in
10.1 The standard surface finishes available shall be those
accordance with Test Method E228.
resulting from the following operations:
10.1.1 Hot rolling,
14. Transformation in UNS No. K93500 Alloy
10.1.2 Forging,
14.1 Because its nominal 5 wt % addition of cobalt, UNS
10.1.3 Centerless grinding (rod),
No.K93500Alloyismetastableattemperatureslessthanroom
10.1.4 Belt polishing,
temperature. If needed, specific minimum transformation tem-
10.1.5 Cold rolling,
peratures may be negotiated between purchaser and supplier.
10.1.6 Wire and rod drawing,
10.1.7 Annealed and descaled, and
15. Chemical Analysis
10.1.8 Bright annealed.
15.1 Thissectiondescribesthechemicalanalysistechniques
11. Inclusion Content
tobeusedincaseofdispute.Whereverapplicable,theanalysis
procedures described in Practices D1971, Test Methods E354,
11.1 Wire, Rod, Bar, Strip and Sheet Plate—(UNS No.
E1019 and Practice E1601 should be utilized.
K93603 and No. K93500 only) These product forms shall be
freeofinclusions,cracks,blowholes,andotherdefectsthatare
15.2 Carbon, Sulfur— Combustion method.
detrimental to the quality of subsequent product.
15.3 Aluminum, Chromium, Magnesium—Atomic absorp-
11.2 Inclusion ratings for certain applications (for example,
tion method.
deep drawing) shall be negotiated between user and supplier.
15.4 All Other Elements Shown in Table 1 (Excluding Iron,
Rating criteria shall be based on Test Methods E45.
Nickel, and Cobalt)—Atomic absorption, optical emission or
inductively coupled plasma (ICP or ICAP) methods.
12. Thermal Expansion Characteristics
NOTE 6—The iron, nickel, and cobalt requirements are nominal (see
12.1 The average linear coefficients of thermal expansion
Table 1).
shall be within the limits specified in Table 5. For UNS No.
K93050, the supplier is requested to supply data over the
16. Dimensions and Permissible Variations
temperature range 30 to 150°C. Nonmandatory thermal expan-
16.1 Cold-Rolled Strip—(UNS No. K93603 and No.
sion data are found in the Appendix X1-Appendix X3.
K93500 only) Cold-rolled strip shall conform to the permis-
sible variations in dimensions prescribed in Table 6, Table 7,
and Table 8.
TABLE 5 Coefficients of Thermal Expansion
16.2 Round Wire and Rod—Wire and rod shall conform to
Average Linear Coefficient of Thermal Expansion,
the permissible variations in dimensions prescribed in Table 9.
µm/m·°C
Temperature Range,° C
UNS No. UNS No. UNS No. 16.3 Cold-Drawn Tubing—(UNS No. K93603 and No.
K93603 K93050 K93500
K93500 only) Cold-drawn tubing, available either as seamless
30 to 150 1.2 to 2.7 . .
or welded, shall conform to the permissible variations pre-
−18 to 93 . . 0.9 max
scribed in Table 10.
F1684−06 (2011)
TABLE 6 Permissible Variations in Thickness of Cold-Rolled Strip
Specified Thickness, in. (mm) Permissible Variations in Thickness for Width Given, ± in. (mm)
Under 3 (76) Over 3 to 6 (76 to 152) Over 6 to 12 (152 to 305) Over 12 to 16 (305 to 406)
0.160 to 0.100 (4.06 to 2.54), incl 0.002 (0.051) 0.003 (0.076) 0.004 (0.102) 0.004 (0.102)
0.099 to 0.069 (2.51 to 1.75), incl 0.002 (0.051) 0.003 (0.076) 0.003 (0.076) 0.004 (0.102)
0.068 to 0.050 (1.73 to 1.27), incl 0.002 (0.051) 0.003 (0.076) 0.003 (0.076) 0.003 (0.076)
0.049 to 0.035 (1.24 to 0.89), incl 0.002 (0.051) 0.0025 (0.064)
...