ASTM E399-06e2
(Test Method)Standard Test Method for Linear-Elastic Plane-Strain Fracture Toughness K Ic of Metallic Materials
Standard Test Method for Linear-Elastic Plane-Strain Fracture Toughness <bdit>K<inf> Ic</inf></bdit> of Metallic Materials
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the determination of fracture toughness (KIc) of metallic materials under predominantly linear-elastic, plane-strain conditions using fatigue precracked specimens having a thickness of 1.6 mm (0.063 in.) or greater subjected to slowly, or in special (elective) cases rapidly, increasing crack-displacement force. Details of test apparatus, specimen configuration, and experimental procedure are given in the Annexes.Note 1
Plane-strain fracture toughness tests of thinner materials that are sufficiently brittle (see ) can be made using other types of specimens (). There is no standard test method for such thin materials.
1.2 This test method is divided into two parts. The first part gives general recommendations and requirements for KIc testing. The second part consists of Annexes that give specific information on displacement gage and loading fixture design, special requirements for individual specimen configurations, and detailed procedures for fatigue precracking. Additional annexes are provided that give specific procedures for beryllium and rapid-force testing.
1.3 General information and requirements common to all specimen configurations:SectionReferenced DocumentsTerminologyStress-Intensity FactorPlane-Strain Fracture ToughnessCrack Plane OrientationSummary of Test MethodSignificance and UseSignificancePrecautionsPractical ApplicationsApparatus (see also )Tension MachineFatigue MachineLoading FixturesDisplacement Gage, MeasurementSpecimen Size, Configurations, and Preparation (see also )Specimen Size EstimatesStandard and Alternative Specimen ConfigurationsFatigue Crack Starter NotchesFatigue Precracking (see also )Crack Extension Beyond Starter NotchGeneral ProcedureSpecimen MeasurementsThicknessWidthCrack SizeCrack Plane AngleSpecimen TestingLoading RateTest RecordCalculation and Interpretation of ResultsTest Record AnalysisPm ax/PQ Validity RequirementSpecimen Size Validity RequirementsReportingPrecision and Bias
1.4 Specific requirements related to test apparatus:Double-Cantilever Displacement GageTesting FixturesBend Specimen Loading FixtureAnnex Compact Specimen Loading ClevisAnnex
1.5 Specific requirements related to individual specimen configurations:Bend Specimen SE(B)Compact Specimen C(T)Disk-Shaped Compact Specimen DC(T)Arc-Shaped Tension Specimen A(T)Arc-Shaped Bend Specimen A(B)
1.6 Specific requirements related to special test procedures:Fatigue Precracking KIc SpecimensHot-Pressed Beryllium TestingRapid-Force Testing
1.7 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only.
1.8 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
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e2
Designation: E 399 – 06
Standard Test Method for
Linear-Elastic Plane-Strain Fracture Toughness K of
Ic
1
Metallic Materials
This standard is issued under the fixed designation E399; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision.Anumber in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.A
superscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the Department of Defense.
1
e NOTE—Eq A3.4 was editorially corrected in April 2007.
2
e NOTE—Figure A4.1 was editorially corrected in April 2008.
1. Scope
Section
Summary of Test Method 4
1.1 This test method covers the determination of fracture
Significance and Use 5
toughness (K ) of metallic materials under predominantly
Significance 5.1
Ic
Precautions 5.1.1-5.1.5
linear-elastic, plane-strain conditions using fatigue precracked
Practical Applications 5.2
2
specimenshavingathicknessof1.6mm(0.063in.)orgreater
Apparatus (see also 1.4) 6
subjected to slowly, or in special (elective) cases rapidly,
Tension Machine 6.1
Fatigue Machine 6.2
increasing crack-displacement force. Details of test apparatus,
Loading Fixtures 6.3
specimen configuration, and experimental procedure are given
Displacement Gage, Measurement 6.4
in the Annexes. Specimen Size, Configurations, and Preparation (see 7
also 1.5)
NOTE 1—Plane-strain fracture toughness tests of thinner materials that
Specimen Size Estimates 7.1
are sufficiently brittle (see 7.1) can be made using other types of Standard and Alternative Specimen Configurations 7.2
3
Fatigue Crack Starter Notches 7.3.1
specimens (1). There is no standard test method for such thin materials.
Fatigue Precracking (see also 1.6) 7.3.2
1.2 This test method is divided into two parts.The first part Crack Extension Beyond Starter Notch 7.3.2.2
General Procedure 8
gives general recommendations and requirements for K
Ic
Specimen Measurements
testing. The second part consists ofAnnexes that give specific
Thickness 8.2.1
information on displacement gage and loading fixture design,
Width 8.2.2
Crack Size 8.2.3
special requirements for individual specimen configurations,
Crack Plane Angle 8.2.4
and detailed procedures for fatigue precracking. Additional
Specimen Testing
annexes are provided that give specific procedures for beryl- Loading Rate 8.3
Test Record 8.4
lium and rapid-force testing.
Calculation and Interpretation of Results 9
1.3 General information and requirements common to all
Test Record Analysis 9.1
specimen configurations: P /P Validity Requirement 9.1.3
max Q
Specimen Size Validity Requirements 9.1.4
Section
Reporting 10
Referenced Documents 2
Precision and Bias 11
Terminology 3
Stress-Intensity Factor 3.1.1
1.4 Specific requirements related to test apparatus:
Plane-Strain Fracture Toughness 3.1.2
Double-Cantilever Displacement Gage Annex A1
Crack Plane Orientation 3.1.3
Testing Fixtures Annex A2
Bend Specimen Loading Fixture Annex A2.1
Compact Specimen Loading Clevis Annex A2.2
1
1.5 Specific requirements related to individual specimen
This test method is under the jurisdiction ofASTM Committee E08 on Fatigue
and Fracture and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee E08.07 on Fracture
configurations:
Mechanics.
Bend Specimen SE(B) Annex A3
Current edition approved Dec. 15, 2006. Published February 2007. Originally
Compact Specimen C(T) Annex A4
approved in 1970. Last previous edition approved in 2005 as E399–05.
Disk-Shaped Compact Specimen DC(T) Annex A5
2
For additional information relating to the fracture toughness testing of alumi-
Arc-Shaped Tension Specimen A(T) Annex A6
inum alloys, see Practice B645.
Arc-Shaped Bend Specimen A(B) Annex A7
3
Theboldfacenumbersinparenthesesrefertothelistofreferencesattheendof
this standard.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.
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E399–06
-3/2
1.6 Specific requirements related to special test procedures: 3.1.2 plane-strain fracture toughness, K [FL ] —the
Ic
crack-extension resistance under conditions of crack-tip plane
Fatigue Precracking KIc Specimens Annex A8
Hot-Pressed Beryllium Testing Annex A9
strain in Mode I for slow rates of loading under predominantly
Rapid-Force Testing Annex A10
linear-elastic conditions and negligible plastic-zone adjust-
1.7 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the ment. The stress intensity factor, K , is measured using the
Ic
standard. The values given in parentheses are for information
operationalprocedure(andsatisfyingallofthevalidityrequire-
only. ments) specified in Test Method E399, that provides for the
1.8 This standard does not purport to address all of the
measuremen
...
This document is not anASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of anASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
e2
Designation:E399–05 Designation: E 399 – 06
Standard Test Method for
Linear-Elastic Plane-Strain Fracture Toughness K of
Ic
1
Metallic Materials
This standard is issued under the fixed designation E399; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision.Anumber in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.A
superscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the Department of Defense.
1
e NOTE—Eq A3.4 was editorially corrected in April 2007.
2
e NOTE—Figure A4.1 was editorially corrected in April 2008.
1. Scope
1.1 This test method covers the determination of fracture toughness (K ) of metallic materials under predominantly
Ic
2
linear-elastic, plane-strain conditions using fatigue precracked specimens having a thickness of 1.6 mm (0.063 in.) or greater
subjected to slowly, or in special (elective) cases rapidly, increasing crack-displacement force. Details of test apparatus, specimen
configuration, and experimental procedure are given in the Annexes.
3
NOTE 1—Plane-strainfracturetoughnesstestsofthinnermaterialsthataresufficientlybrittle(see7.1)canbemadeusingothertypesofspecimens(1).
There is no standard test method for such thin materials.
1.2 This test method is divided into two parts. The first part gives general recommendations and requirements for K testing.
Ic
The second part consists of Annexes that give specific information on displacement gage and loading fixture design, special
requirements for individual specimen configurations, and detailed procedures for fatigue precracking. Additional annexes are
provided that give specific procedures for beryllium and rapid-force testing.
1.3 General information and requirements common to all specimen configurations:
Section
Referenced Documents 2
Terminology 3
Stress-Intensity Factor 3.1.1
Plane-Strain Fracture Toughness 3.1.2
Crack Plane Orientation 3.1.3
Summary of Test Method 4
Significance and Use 5
Significance 5.1
Precautions 5.1.1-5.1.5
Practical Applications 5.2
Apparatus (see also 1.4) 6
Tension Machine 6.1
Fatigue Machine 6.2
Loading Fixtures 6.3
Displacement Gage, Measurement 6.4
Specimen Size, Configurations, and Preparation (see 7
also 1.5)
Specimen Size Estimates 7.1
Standard and Alternative Specimen Configurations 7.2
Fatigue Crack Starter Notches 7.3.1
Fatigue Precracking (see also 1.6) 7.3.2
Crack Extension Beyond Starter Notch 7.3.2.2
General Procedure 8
Specimen Measurements
Thickness 8.2.1
Width 8.2.2
Crack Size 8.2.3
1
This test method is under the jurisdiction ofASTM Committee E08 on Fatigue and Fracture and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee E08.07 on Linear-Elastic
Fracture.Fracture Mechanics.
Current edition approvedApril 1, 2005.Dec. 15, 2006. Published June 2005.February 2007. Originally approved in 1970. Last previous edition approved in 19972005 as
E399–90(1997). E399–05.
2
For additional information relating to the fracture toughness testing of alumi- inum alloys, see Practice B645.
3
The boldface numbers in parentheses refer to the list of references at the end of this standard.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.
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E399–06
Section
Crack Plane Angle 8.2.4
Specimen Testing
Loading Rate 8.3
Test Record 8.4
Calculation and Interpretation of Results 9
Test Record Analysis 9.1
P /P Validity Requirement 9.1.3
max Q
Specimen Size Validity Requirements 9.1.4
Reporting 10
Precision and Bias 11
1.4 Specific requirements related to test apparatus:
Double-Cantilever Displacement Gage Annex A1
Testing Fixtures Annex A2
Bend Specimen Loading Fixture Annex A2.1
Compact Specimen Loading Clevis Annex A2.2
1.5 Specific requirements related to individual specimen configurations:
Bend Specimen SE(B) Annex A3
Compact Specimen C(T) Annex A4
Disk-Shaped Compact Specimen DC(T) Annex A5
Arc-Shaped Tension Specimen A(T) Annex A6
Arc-Shaped Bend Specimen A(B) Annex A7
2
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E399–06
1.6 Specific requirements related to special test procedures:
Fatigue Precracking KIc Specimens Annex A8
Hot-Pressed Beryllium Testing Annex A9
Rapid-Force Testing Annex A10
1.7 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only.
1.8 This standard does not purport to address all of the saf
...
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