ASTM C944/C944M-12
(Test Method)Standard Test Method for Abrasion Resistance of Concrete or Mortar Surfaces by the Rotating-Cutter Method
Standard Test Method for Abrasion Resistance of Concrete or Mortar Surfaces by the Rotating-Cutter Method
ABSTRACT
This test method covers the procedure for determining the abrasion resistance of either concrete or mortar surfaces using the rotating-cutter method. The method involves an abrasion device, a rotating cutter, a balance and a leveling plate. The surface description, size, and finish type of the specimen, as well as the concrete compaction, age, and strength; applied surface treatment; abrasion time; load used; depth of wear; mass loss; and abrasion time are reported. This test method has been successfully used in the quality control of highway and bridge concrete subject to traffic.
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 This test method gives an indication of the relative wear resistance of mortar and concrete based on testing of cored or fabricated specimens. This test method has been successfully used in the quality control of highway and bridge concrete subject to traffic. Primarily intended for use on the top ends of 152-mm [6-in.] diameter concrete cores, mortar specimens, or other samples of concrete of insufficient test area to permit the conduct of tests by Test Method C418 or C779/C779M, this test method is also applicable on concrete surfaces in place by measuring the abrasion loss as described in Section 10, Procedure B, of Test Method C779/C779M.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers a procedure for determining the resistance of either concrete or mortar to abrasion. This test method is similar to Procedure B of Test Method C779/C779M.
1.2 The values stated in SI units or inch–pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other. Combining values from the two systems may result in non–conformance with the standard.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
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Designation: C944/C944M − 12
Standard Test Method for
Abrasion Resistance of Concrete or Mortar Surfaces by the
1
Rotating-Cutter Method
This standard is issued under the fixed designation C944/C944M; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year
of original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.
A superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope* 4. Significance and Use
1.1 This test method covers a procedure for determining the 4.1 This test method gives an indication of the relative wear
resistance of either concrete or mortar to abrasion. This test resistance of mortar and concrete based on testing of cored or
method is similar to Procedure B of Test Method C779/ fabricated specimens. This test method has been successfully
C779M. used in the quality control of highway and bridge concrete
subject to traffic. Primarily intended for use on the top ends of
1.2 The values stated in SI units or inch–pound units are to
152-mm [6-in.] diameter concrete cores, mortar specimens, or
be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each
other samples of concrete of insufficient test area to permit the
system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each system
conduct of tests by Test Method C418 or C779/C779M, this
shall be used independently of the other. Combining values
test method is also applicable on concrete surfaces in place by
from the two systems may result in non–conformance with the
measuring the abrasion loss as described in Section 10,
standard.
Procedure B, of Test Method C779/C779M.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
5. Apparatus
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
5.1 Abrasion Device—A drill press or similar device with a
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
chuck capable of holding and rotating the abrading cutter at a
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.
speed of 200 r/min and exerting a force of either a normal load
of 98 6 1 N [22 6 0.2 lbf] or a double load of 197 6 2 N [44
2. Referenced Documents
6 0.4 lbf] on the test specimen surface. Fig. 1 shows a
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
commercial drill press and Fig. 2 illustrates details of the
C42/C42M Test Method for Obtaining and Testing Drilled
rotating cutter. The difficulty in maintaining a constant load on
Cores and Sawed Beams of Concrete
the abrading cutter when using the lever, gear, and spring
C125 Terminology Relating to Concrete and Concrete Ag-
system of a drill press has been eliminated by placing the
gregates
desired load directly upon the spindle that turns the cutter. The
C418 Test Method for Abrasion Resistance of Concrete by
machine consists essentially of a frame that supports the drive
Sandblasting
motor, stepped pulley, and spindle. A clamping device to hold
C779/C779M Test Method forAbrasion Resistance of Hori-
the specimen is built into the base.
zontal Concrete Surfaces
5.2 Rotating Cutter—Arotating cutter similar to that shown
in Fig. 2 and Fig. 3 shall be used in which 22 37.5 mm [1.5 in.]
3. Terminology
diameter dressing wheels and 24 25.4 to 31.75 mm [1 to 1.25
3.1 For definitions of terms used in this standard, refer to
in.] diameter washers are mounted. The washers as received
Terminology C125.
shall be stacked and locked on a bolt for the purpose of
reducing their diameter to the specified range to avoid restrict-
ing abrasion of the concrete by the washers. Cutter assembly,
1
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee C09 on
including washers, shall be locked onto horizontal rods such
Concrete and Concrete Aggregatesand is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee
that individual dressing wheels are free to turn independently.
C09.62 on Abrasion Testing.
The overall diameter of the cutter or the diameter of the
Current edition approved Dec. 1, 2012. Published December 2012. Originally
ϵ1 1
circular area abraded is 82.5 mm [3 ⁄4 in.]. Care shall be taken
approved in 1980. Last previous edition approved in 2005 as C944 – 99(2005) .
DOI: 10.1520/C0944_C0944M-12.
to achieve constant contact between the rotating cutter and the
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
entire test surface of the sample. This can be better accom-
contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
plished if the cutters have a swivel connection allowing some
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
the ASTM website. vertical movement. If the dressing wheels have one rounded
*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard
Copyright © ASTM Internationa
...
This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
´1
Designation: C944/C944M − 99 (Reapproved 2005) C944/C944M − 12
Standard Test Method for
Abrasion Resistance of Concrete or Mortar Surfaces by the
1
Rotating-Cutter Method
This standard is issued under the fixed designation C944/C944M; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year
of original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.
A superscript epsilon («) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1
εNOTE—The designation was changed editorially to agree with the existing values statement in the Scope in March
2008.
1. Scope Scope*
1.1 This test method covers a procedure for determining the resistance of either concrete or mortar to abrasion. This test method
is similar to Procedure B of Test Method C779/C779M.
1.2 The values stated in SI units or inch–pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system
may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other. Combining values from the two
systems may result in non–conformance with the standard.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility
of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory
limitations prior to use.
2. Referenced Documents
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
C42/C42M Test Method for Obtaining and Testing Drilled Cores and Sawed Beams of Concrete
C125 Terminology Relating to Concrete and Concrete Aggregates
C418 Test Method for Abrasion Resistance of Concrete by Sandblasting
C779/C779M Test Method for Abrasion Resistance of Horizontal Concrete Surfaces
3. Terminology
3.1 For definitions of terms used in this standard, refer to Terminology C125.
4. Significance and Use
4.1 This test method gives an indication of the relative wear resistance of mortar and concrete based on testing of cored or
fabricated specimens. This test method has been successfully used in the quality control of highway and bridge concrete subject
to traffic. Primarily intended for use on the top ends of 152-mm [6-in.] diameter concrete cores, mortar specimens, or other samples
of concrete of insufficient test area to permit the conduct of tests by Test Method C418 or C779/C779M, this test method is also
applicable on concrete surfaces in place by measuring the abrasion loss as described in Section 910, Procedure B, of Test Method
C779/C779M.
5. Apparatus
5.1 Abrasion Device—A drill press or similar device with a chuck capable of holding and rotating the abrading cutter at a speed
of 200 r/min and exerting a force of either a normal load of 98 6 1 N [22 6 0.2 lbf] or a double load of 197 6 2 N [44 6 0.4
lbf] on the test specimen surface. Fig. 1 shows a commercial drill press and Fig. 2 illustrates details of the rotating cutter. The
difficulty in maintaining a constant load on the abrading cutter when using the lever, gear, and spring system of a drill press has
1
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee C09 on Concrete and Concrete Aggregatesand is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee C09.62 on
Abrasion Testing.
Current edition approved May 1, 2005Dec. 1, 2012. Published June 2005December 2012. Originally approved in 1980. Last previous edition approved in 19902005 as
ϵ1
C944 – 90a.C944 – 99(2005) . DOI: 10.1520/C0944_C0944M-99R05E01.10.1520/C0944_C0944M-12.
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM Standards
volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on the ASTM website.
*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1
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C944/C944M − 12
FIG. 1 Rotating-Cutter Drill Press
been eliminated by placing the desired load directly upon the spindle that turns the cutter. The machine consists essentially of a
frame that supports the drive motor, stepped pulley, and spindle. A clamping device to hold the specimen is built into the base.
5.2 Rotating Cutter—A rotating cutter similar to that shown in Fig. 2 and Fig. 3 shall be used in which 22 37.5 mm [1.5 in.]
diameter dressing wheels and 24 25.4 to 31.75 mm [1 to 1.25 in.] diameter washers are mounted. The w
...
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