C09.62 - Abrasion Testing

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 Wear on mortar surfaces can be generated by a number of factors including skidding, scraping or sliding of objects on the surface, foot and tire traffic. This guide provides a means to quantify the abrasion resistance of treated or untreated mortars and other similar products.
FIG. 1 Rotary Platform Abraser
FIG. 2 Arrangement of Rotary Platform Abraser Test Set-up  
5.1.1 This guide can be used to determine the effectiveness of fluid applied hardeners, densifiers and sealers by comparison with untreated control specimens.  
5.1.2 This guide can be used with other test methods to determine the effectiveness of surface treatments after abrasion. For example, Test Method D6532 can be used to evaluate the effectiveness of clear water repellents on hydraulic cement mortar specimens based on water absorption after water soaking, by testing the specimen prior to abrasion and after the specimen has been subjected to abrasion.  
5.2 This guide may be useful for acceptance testing of a mortar surface, and it can be used to evaluate the effects of processing variables such as substrate preparation before treatment, surface texture, treatment application variables, and curing regimen.  
5.3 Results may be used to correlate with in-place performance, for comparative rating of the performance of alternative materials, or for comparison among treated and untreated surfaces. The resistance of material surfaces to abrasion, as measured on a testing machine in the laboratory, is generally only one of several factors contributing to wear performance as experienced in the actual use of the material. Other factors may need to be considered in any calculation of predicted life from specific abrasion data.  
5.4 The resistance of mortar to abrasion may be affected by factors including test conditions, type of abradant, pressure between the specimen and abradant, selection of mortar-making materials (mixture proportions, curing and finishing procedures), and type, kind, or amo...
SCOPE
1.1 This guide is intended to assist in establishing procedures for determining the relative abrasion resistance of treated or untreated mortar surfaces.  
1.2 This guide utilizes the rotary platform abraser, which generates a combination of rolling and rubbing to cause wear to the specimen surface. Wear can be quantified as cycles to a specific end-point. Other commonly used evaluations are presented in Appendix X1 and include mass loss, wear index, volume loss, or depth of wear.  
1.3 The values stated either in SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system are not necessarily exact equivalents; therefore, to ensure conformance with the standard, each system shall be used independently of the other, and values from the two systems shall not be combined. Some values have only SI units because the inch-pound equivalents are not used in practice.
Note 1: Other procedures used to measure abrasion resistance of concrete surfaces include Test Methods C418, C779/C779M, C944/C944M, and C1138M. Other methods that reference the rotary platform abraser and may be of interest include Specification C744 and Test Methods C1353, D4060 and F510.  
1.4 The text of this standard refers to notes and footnotes that provide explanatory material. These notes and footnotes (excluding those in tables and figures) shall not be considered as requirements of this standard.  
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.6 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards,...

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 This test method covers the laboratory evaluation of the relative resistance of concrete surfaces to abrasion. This procedure simulates the action of waterborne abrasives and abrasives under traffic on concrete surfaces. It performs a cutting action that tends to abrade more severely the less resistant components of the concrete.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers determination of the abrasion resistance characteristics of concrete by subjecting it to the impingement of air-driven silica sand. It is intended for use as a basis for the development of informed judgment.  
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. Inch-pound units are shown for information purposes in parentheses.  
1.3 The text of this standard refers to notes and footnotes that provide explanatory material. These notes and footnotes (excluding those in tables and figures) shall not be considered as requirements of this standard.  
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
Note 1: Users of this test method are advised that there are known safety hazards associated with the use of silica as a blasting media. Consult the silica manufactures MSDS to insure that the latest recommended health and safety practices are being followed.
Note 2: Other procedures are available for measuring abrasion resistance of concrete surfaces in addition to subjecting it to air driven silica sand. Consideration should be given to other methods of testing as outlined in Test Methods C779/C779M, C944/C944M, and C1138M. The test method most closely representing service conditions should be used.  
1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 This test method is intended to qualitatively simulate the behavior of swirling water containing suspended and transported solid objects that produce abrasion of concrete and cause potholes and related effects.  
4.2 This test method should provide a relative evaluation of the resistance of concrete to such action.  
4.3 The results are expected to be useful in selection of materials, mixtures, and construction practices for use where such action is to be expected.  
4.4 The test method is not intended to provide a quantitative measurement of the length of service that may be expected from a specific concrete.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers a procedure for determining the relative resistance of concrete (including concrete overlays and impregnated concrete) to abrasion under water (see Note 1). This procedure simulates the abrasive action of waterborne particles (silt, sand, gravel, and other solids).  
Note 1: Other procedures are available for measuring abrasion resistance of concrete surfaces not under water. These include Test Methods C418, C779/C779M, and C944/C944M.  
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.  
1.3 The text of this standard references notes and footnotes that provide explanatory material. These notes and footnotes (excluding those in tables and figures) shall not be considered as requirements of this standard.  
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. (Warning—Fresh hydraulic cementitious mixtures are caustic and may cause chemical burns to skin and tissue upon prolonged exposure.2)  
1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 The three test methods provide simulated abrasion conditions, which can be used to evaluate the effects on abrasion resistance of concrete, concrete materials, and curing or finishing procedures. They may also be used for quality acceptance of products and surface exposed to wear. They are not intended to provide a quantitative measurement of length of service.  
4.2 The equipment used by each of these procedures is portable and thus suitable for either laboratory or field testing. The three procedures determine the relative wear of concrete surfaces as follows:  
4.2.1 Procedure A—The revolving-disk machine operates by sliding and scuffing of steel disks in conjunction with abrasive grit.  
4.2.2 Procedure B—The dressing-wheel machine operates by impact and sliding friction of steel dressing wheels.  
4.2.3 Procedure C—The ball-bearing machine operates by high-contact stresses, impact, and sliding friction from steel balls.
Note 2: Diagrams of three machines meeting these specifications are shown in Fig. 1, Fig. 2, and Fig. 3.4  
FIG. 1 Revolving Disks Abrasion Test Machine  
FIG. 2 Dressing Wheel Abrasion Test Machine  
FIG. 3 Ball Bearing Abrasion Test Machine
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers three procedures for determining the relative abrasion resistance of horizontal concrete surfaces. The procedures differ in the type and degree of abrasive force they impart, and are intended for use in determining variations in surface properties of concrete affected by mixture proportions, finishing, and surface treatment. They are not intended to provide a quantitative measurement of the length of service that may be expected from a specific surface.  
1.2 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. Within the text, the inch-pound units are shown in brackets. The values stated in each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall be used independently of each other.  
1.3 The text of this standard references notes and footnotes that provide explanatory material. These notes and footnotes (excluding those in tables and figures) shall not be considered as requirements of this standard.  
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. (Warning—Fresh hydraulic cementitious mixtures are caustic and may cause chemical burns to skin and tissue upon prolonged exposure.2)
Note 1: Other procedures are available for measuring the abrasion resistance of concrete surfaces in addition to the three procedures contained in this test method. Consideration should be given to Test Methods C944/C944M and C418. The test method most closely representing service conditions should be used.  
1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

ABSTRACT
This test method covers the procedure for determining the abrasion resistance of either concrete or mortar surfaces using the rotating-cutter method. The method involves an abrasion device, a rotating cutter, a balance and a leveling plate. The surface description, size, and finish type of the specimen, as well as the concrete compaction, age, and strength; applied surface treatment; abrasion time; load used; depth of wear; mass loss; and abrasion time are reported. This test method has been successfully used in the quality control of highway and bridge concrete subject to traffic.
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 This test method gives an indication of the relative wear resistance of mortar and concrete based on testing of cored or fabricated specimens. This test method has been successfully used in the quality control of highway and bridge concrete subject to traffic. Primarily intended for use on the top ends of 152-mm [6-in.] diameter concrete cores, mortar specimens, or other samples of concrete of insufficient test area to permit the conduct of tests by Test Method C418 or C779/C779M, this test method is also applicable on concrete surfaces in place by measuring the abrasion loss as described in Section 10, Procedure B, of Test Method C779/C779M.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers a procedure for determining the resistance of either concrete or mortar to abrasion. This test method is similar to Procedure B of Test Method C779/C779M.  
1.2 The values stated in SI units or inch–pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other. Combining values from the two systems may result in non-conformance with the standard.  
1.3 The text of this standard references notes and footnotes that provide explanatory material. These notes and footnotes (excluding those in tables and figures) shall not be considered as requirements of this standard.  
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 Wear on mortar surfaces can be generated by a number of factors including skidding, scraping or sliding of objects on the surface, foot and tire traffic. This guide provides a means to quantify the abrasion resistance of treated or untreated mortars and other similar products.
FIG. 1 Rotary Platform Abraser
FIG. 2 Arrangement of Rotary Platform Abraser Test Set-up  
5.1.1 This guide can be used to determine the effectiveness of fluid applied hardeners, densifiers and sealers by comparison with untreated control specimens.  
5.1.2 This guide can be used with other test methods to determine the effectiveness of surface treatments after abrasion. For example, Test Method D6532 can be used to evaluate the effectiveness of clear water repellents on hydraulic cement mortar specimens based on water absorption after water soaking, by testing the specimen prior to abrasion and after the specimen has been subjected to abrasion.  
5.2 This guide may be useful for acceptance testing of a mortar surface, and it can be used to evaluate the effects of processing variables such as substrate preparation before treatment, surface texture, treatment application variables, and curing regimen.  
5.3 Results may be used to correlate with in-place performance, for comparative rating of the performance of alternative materials, or for comparison among treated and untreated surfaces. The resistance of material surfaces to abrasion, as measured on a testing machine in the laboratory, is generally only one of several factors contributing to wear performance as experienced in the actual use of the material. Other factors may need to be considered in any calculation of predicted life from specific abrasion data.  
5.4 The resistance of mortar to abrasion may be affected by factors including test conditions, type of abradant, pressure between the specimen and abradant, selection of mortar-making materials (mixture proportions, curing and finishing procedures), and type, kind, or amo...
SCOPE
1.1 This guide is intended to assist in establishing procedures for determining the relative abrasion resistance of treated or untreated mortar surfaces.  
1.2 This guide utilizes the rotary platform abraser, which generates a combination of rolling and rubbing to cause wear to the specimen surface. Wear can be quantified as cycles to a specific end-point. Other commonly used evaluations are presented in Appendix X1 and include mass loss, wear index, or volume loss.  
1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.
Note 1: Other procedures used to measure abrasion resistance of concrete surfaces include Test Methods C418, C779/C779M, C944/C944M, and C1138M. Other methods that reference the rotary platform abraser and may be of interest include Specification C744 and Test Methods C1353, D4060 and F510.  
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 Wear on mortar surfaces can be generated by a number of factors including skidding, scraping or sliding of objects on the surface, foot and tire traffic. This guide provides a means to quantify the abrasion resistance of treated or untreated mortars and other similar products.  
5.1.1 This guide can be used to determine the effectiveness of fluid applied hardeners, densifiers and sealers by comparison with untreated control specimens.  
5.1.2 This guide can be used with other test methods to determine the effectiveness of surface treatments after abrasion. For example, Test Method D6532 can be used to evaluate the effectiveness of clear water repellents on hydraulic cement mortar specimens based on water absorption after water soaking, by testing the specimen prior to abrasion and after the specimen has been subjected to abrasion.  
5.2 This guide may be useful for acceptance testing of a mortar surface, and it can be used to evaluate the effects of processing variables such as substrate preparation before treatment, surface texture, treatment application variables, and curing regimen.  
5.3 Results may be used to correlate with in-place performance, for comparative rating of the performance of alternative materials, or for comparison among treated and untreated surfaces. The resistance of material surfaces to abrasion, as measured on a testing machine in the laboratory, is generally only one of several factors contributing to wear performance as experienced in the actual use of the material. Other factors may need to be considered in any calculation of predicted life from specific abrasion data.  
5.4 The resistance of mortar to abrasion may be affected by factors including test conditions, type of abradant, pressure between the specimen and abradant, selection of mortar-making materials (mixture proportions, curing and finishing procedures), and type, kind, or amount of treatment materials.  
5.5 Abrasion tests utilizing the rotary platform abraser may b...
SCOPE
1.1 This guide is intended to assist in establishing procedures for determining the relative abrasion resistance of treated or untreated mortar surfaces.  
1.2 This guide utilizes the rotary platform abraser, which generates a combination of rolling and rubbing to cause wear to the specimen surface. Wear can be quantified as cycles to a specific end-point. Other commonly used evaluations are presented in Appendix X1 and include mass loss, wear index, or volume loss.  
1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.
Note 1: Other procedures used to measure abrasion resistance of concrete surfaces include Test Methods C418, C779/C779M, C944/C944M, and C1138M. Other methods that reference the rotary platform abraser and may be of interest include Specification C744 and Test Methods C1353, D4060 and F510.  
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 The three test methods provide simulated abrasion conditions, which can be used to evaluate the effects on abrasion resistance of concrete, concrete materials, and curing or finishing procedures. They may also be used for quality acceptance of products and surface exposed to wear. They are not intended to provide a quantitative measurement of length of service.  
4.2 The equipment used by each of these procedures is portable and thus suitable for either laboratory or field testing. The three procedures determine the relative wear of concrete surfaces as follows:  
4.2.1 Procedure A—The revolving-disk machine operates by sliding and scuffing of steel disks in conjunction with abrasive grit.  
4.2.2 Procedure B—The dressing-wheel machine operates by impact and sliding friction of steel dressing wheels.  
4.2.3 Procedure C—The ball-bearing machine operates by high-contact stresses, impact, and sliding friction from steel balls.Note 2—Diagrams of three machines meeting these specifications are shown in Fig. 1, Fig. 2, and Fig. 3.4  
FIG. 1 Revolving Disks Abrasion Test Machine
FIG. 2 Dressing Wheel Abrasion Test Machine
FIG. 3 Ball Bearing Abrasion Test MachinePROCEDURE A—REVOLVING DISKS
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers three procedures for determining the relative abrasion resistance of horizontal concrete surfaces. The procedures differ in the type and degree of abrasive force they impart, and are intended for use in determining variations in surface properties of concrete affected by mixture proportions, finishing, and surface treatment. They are not intended to provide a quantitative measurement of the length of service that may be expected from a specific surface.  
1.2 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. Within the text, the inch-pound units are shown in brackets. The values stated in each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall be used independently of each other.  
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. (Warning—Fresh hydraulic cementitious mixtures are caustic and may cause chemical burns to skin and tissue upon prolonged exposure.)2Note 1—Other procedures are available for measuring the abrasion resistance of concrete surfaces in addition to the three procedures contained in this test method. Consideration should be given to Test Methods C944 and C418. The test method most closely representing service conditions should be used.

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 This test method is intended to qualitatively simulate the behavior of swirling water containing suspended and transported solid objects that produce abrasion of concrete and cause potholes and related effects.  
4.2 This test method should provide a relative evaluation of the resistance of concrete to such action.  
4.3 The results are expected to be useful in selection of materials, mixtures, and construction practices for use where such action is to be expected.  
4.4 The test method is not intended to provide a quantitative measurement of the length of service that may be expected from a specific concrete.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers a procedure for determining the relative resistance of concrete (including concrete overlays and impregnated concrete) to abrasion under water (see Note 1). This procedure simulates the abrasive action of waterborne particles (silt, sand, gravel, and other solids). Note 1—Other procedures are available for measuring abrasion resistance of concrete surfaces not under water. These include Test Methods C418, C779/C779M, and C944.  
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.  
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. (Warning—Fresh hydraulic cementitious mixtures are caustic and may cause chemical burns to skin and tissue upon prolonged exposure.)2

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 This test method covers the laboratory evaluation of the relative resistance of concrete surfaces to abrasion. This procedure simulates the action of waterborne abrasives and abrasives under traffic on concrete surfaces. It performs a cutting action that tends to abrade more severely the less resistant components of the concrete.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers determination of the abrasion resistance characteristics of concrete by subjecting it to the impingement of air-driven silica sand. It is intended for use as a basis for the development of informed judgment.  
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. Inch-pound units are shown for information purposes in parentheses.  
1.3 This standard does not purport to address the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. Note 1—Users of this test method are advised that there are known safety hazards associated with the use of silica as a blasting media. Consult the silica manufactures MSDS to insure that the latest recommended health and safety practices are being followed. Note 2—Other procedures are available for measuring abrasion resistance of concrete surfaces in addition to subjecting it to air driven silica sand. Consideration should be given to other methods of testing as outlined in ASTM C779/C779M, ASTM C944, and ASTM C1138. The test method most closely representing service conditions should be used.  
1.4 The text of this standard references notes and footnotes which are provided as explanatory material. These notes and footnotes (excluding those in tables and figures) shall not be considered as requirements of this standard.

ABSTRACT
This test method covers the procedure for determining the abrasion resistance of either concrete or mortar surfaces using the rotating-cutter method. The method involves an abrasion device, a rotating cutter, a balance and a leveling plate. The surface description, size, and finish type of the specimen, as well as the concrete compaction, age, and strength; applied surface treatment; abrasion time; load used; depth of wear; mass loss; and abrasion time are reported. This test method has been successfully used in the quality control of highway and bridge concrete subject to traffic.
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 This test method gives an indication of the relative wear resistance of mortar and concrete based on testing of cored or fabricated specimens. This test method has been successfully used in the quality control of highway and bridge concrete subject to traffic. Primarily intended for use on the top ends of 152-mm [6-in.] diameter concrete cores, mortar specimens, or other samples of concrete of insufficient test area to permit the conduct of tests by Test Method C418 or C779/C779M, this test method is also applicable on concrete surfaces in place by measuring the abrasion loss as described in Section 10, Procedure B, of Test Method C779/C779M.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers a procedure for determining the resistance of either concrete or mortar to abrasion. This test method is similar to Procedure B of Test Method C779/C779M.  
1.2 The values stated in SI units or inch–pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other. Combining values from the two systems may result in non–conformance with the standard.  
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
The three test methods provide simulated abrasion conditions, which can be used to evaluate the effects on abrasion resistance of concrete, concrete materials, and curing or finishing procedures. They may also be used for quality acceptance of products and surface exposed to wear. They are not intended to provide a quantitative measurement of length of service.
The equipment used by each of these procedures is portable and thus suitable for either laboratory or field testing. The three procedures determine the relative wear of concrete surfaces as follows:
Procedure A—The revolving-disk machine operates by sliding and scuffing of steel disks in conjunction with abrasive grit.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers three procedures for determining the relative abrasion resistance of horizontal concrete surfaces. The procedures differ in the type and degree of abrasive force they impart, and are intended for use in determining variations in surface properties of concrete affected by mixture proportions, finishing, and surface treatment. They are not intended to provide a quantitative measurement of the length of service that may be expected from a specific surface.
1.2 The values stated in SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. Within the text, the inch-pound units are shown in brackets. The values stated in each system are not exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall be used independently of each other.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. (WarningFresh hydraulic cementitious mixtures are caustic and may cause chemical burns to skin and tissue upon prolonged exposure.)  
Note 1—Other procedures are available for measuring the abrasion resistance of concrete surfaces in addition to the three procedures contained in this test method. Consideration should be given to Test Methods C944 and C418. The test method most closely representing service conditions should be used.

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
This test method is intended to qualitatively simulate the behavior of swirling water containing suspended and transported solid objects that produce abrasion of concrete and cause potholes and related effects.
This test method should provide a relative evaluation of the resistance of concrete to such action.
The results are expected to be useful in selection of materials, mixtures, and construction practices for use where such action is to be expected.
The test method is not intended to provide a quantitative measurement of the length of service that may be expected from a specific concrete.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers a procedure for determining the relative resistance of concrete (including concrete overlays and impregnated concrete) to abrasion under water (see Note 1). This procedure simulates the abrasive action of waterborne particles (silt, sand, gravel, and other solids).
Note 1—Other procedures are available for measuring abrasion resistance of concrete surfaces not under water. These include Test Methods C418, C779/C779M, and C944.  
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. (WarningFresh hydraulic cementitious mixtures are caustic and may cause chemical burns to skin and tissue upon prolonged exposure.)

SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers a procedure for determining the relative resistance of concrete (including concrete overlays and impregnated concrete) to abrasion under water (see Note 0). This procedure simulates the abrasive action of waterborne particles (silt, sand, gravel, and other solids). Note 0Other procedures are available for measuring abrasion resistance of concrete surfaces not under water. These include Test Methods C 418, C 779, and C 944.
1.2 The values stated in acceptable metric units are to be regarded as the standard.
This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. (Warning-Fresh hydraulic cementitious mixtures are caustic and may cause chemical burns to skin and tissue upon prolonged exposure.)

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
The three test methods provide simulated abrasion conditions, which can be used to evaluate the effects on abrasion resistance of concrete, concrete materials, and curing or finishing procedures. They may also be used for quality acceptance of products and surface exposed to wear. They are not intended to provide a quantitative measurement of length of service.
The equipment used by each of these procedures is portable and thus suitable for either laboratory or field testing. The three procedures determine the relative wear of concrete surfaces as follows:
3.2.1 Procedure A—The revolving-disk machine operates by sliding and scuffing of steel disks in conjunction with abrasive grit.
3.2.2 Procedure B—The dressing-wheel machine operates by impact and sliding friction of steel dressing wheels.
3.2.3 Procedure C—The ball-bearing machine operates by high-contact stresses, impact, and sliding friction from steel balls.
Note 2—Diagrams of three machines meeting these specifications are shown in Fig. 1, Fig. 2, and Fig. 3.4  PROCEDURE A—REVOLVING DISKS   Top  
FIG. 1 Revolving Disks Abrasion Test Machine
FIG. 2 Dressing Wheel Abrasion Test Machine
FIG. 3 Ball Bearing Abrasion Test Machine
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers three procedures for determining the relative abrasion resistance of horizontal concrete surfaces. The procedures differ in the type and degree of abrasive force they impart, and are intended for use in determining variations in surface properties of concrete affected by mixture proportions, finishing, and surface treatment. They are not intended to provide a quantitative measurement of the length of service that may be expected from a specific surface.
1.2 The values stated in SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. Within the text, the inch-pound units are shown in brackets. The values stated in each system are not exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall be used independently of each other.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. (Warning—Fresh hydraulic cementitious mixtures are caustic and may cause chemical burns to skin and tissue upon prolonged exposure.)²
Note 1—Other procedures are available for measuring the abrasion resistance of concrete surfaces in addition to the three procedures contained in this test method. Consideration should be given to Test Methods C 944 and C 418. The test method most closely representing service conditions should be used.

ABSTRACT
This test method covers the procedure for determining the abrasion resistance of either concrete or mortar surfaces using the rotating-cutter method. The method involves an abrasion device, a rotating cutter, a balance and a leveling plate. The surface description, size, and finish type of the specimen, as well as the concrete compaction, age, and strength; applied surface treatment; abrasion time; load used; depth of wear; mass loss; and abrasion time are reported. This test method has been successfully used in the quality control of highway and bridge concrete subject to traffic.
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
This test method gives an indication of the relative wear resistance of mortar and concrete based on testing of cored or fabricated specimens. This test method has been successfully used in the quality control of highway and bridge concrete subject to traffic. Primarily intended for use on the top ends of 152-mm [6-in.] diameter concrete cores, mortar specimens, or other samples of concrete of insufficient test area to permit the conduct of tests by Test Method C 418  or C 779/C 779M, this test method is also applicable on concrete surfaces in place by measuring the abrasion loss as described in Section 9, Procedure B, of Test Method C 779/C 779M.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers a procedure for determining the resistance of either concrete or mortar to abrasion. This test method is similar to Procedure B of Test Method C 779/C 779M.
1.2 The values stated in SI units or inch–pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other. Combining values from the two systems may result in non–conformance with the standard.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
This test method covers the laboratory evaluation of the relative resistance of concrete surfaces to abrasion. This procedure simulates the action of waterborne abrasives and abrasives under traffic on concrete surfaces. It performs a cutting action that tends to abrade more severely the less resistant components of the concrete.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers determination of the abrasion resistance characteristics of concrete by subjecting it to the impingement of air-driven silica sand. It is intended for use as a basis for the development of informed judgment.
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. Inch-pound units are shown for information purposes in parentheses.
This standard does not purport to address the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. Note 1
Users of this test method are advised that there are known safety hazards associated with the use of silica as a blasting media. Consult the silica manufactures MSDS to insure that the latest recommended health and safety practices are being followed. Note 2
Other procedures are available for measuring abrasion resistance of concrete surfaces in addition to subjecting it to air driven silica sand. Consideration should be given to other methods of testing as outlined in ASTM C 779/C 779M, ASTM C 944, and ASTM C 1138. The test method most closely representing service conditions should be used.
1.3 The text of this standard references notes and footnotes which are provided as explanatory material. These notes and footnotes (excluding those in tables and figures) shall not be considered as requirements of this standard.

SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers three procedures for determining the relative abrasion resistance of horizontal concrete surfaces. The procedures differ in the type and degree of abrasive force they impart, and are intended for use in determining variations in surface properties of concrete affected by mixture proportions, finishing, and surface treatment. They are not intended to provide a quantitative measurement of the length of service that may be expected from a specific surface.  
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  Note 1-Other procedures are available for measuring the abrasion resistance of concrete surfaces in addition to the three procedures contained in this test method. Consideration should be given to Test Methods C944 and C418. The test method most closely representing service conditions should be used.

SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers a procedure for determining the resistance of either concrete or mortar to abrasion. It is not intended to be used as an alternative to Test Method C418, or Test Method C779.
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard.  
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
This test method gives an indication of the relative wear resistance of mortar and concrete based on testing of cored or fabricated specimens. This test method has been successfully used in the quality control of highway and bridge concrete subject to traffic. Primarily intended for use on the top ends of 152-mm [6-in.] diameter concrete cores, mortar specimens, or other samples of concrete of insufficient test area to permit the conduct of tests by Test Method C 418  or C 779/C 779M, this test method is also applicable on concrete surfaces in place by measuring the abrasion loss as described in Section 9, Procedure B, of Test Method C 779/C 779M.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers a procedure for determining the resistance of either concrete or mortar to abrasion. This test method is similar to Procedure B of Test Method C 779/C 779M.
1.2 The values stated in SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other. Combining values from the two systems may result in non-conformance with the standard.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers determination of the abrasion resistance characteristics of concrete by subjecting it to the impingement of air-driven silica sand. It is intended for use as a basis for the development of informed judgment.
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard except where inch-pound units are given first followed by SI units in parentheses.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address the safety problems associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  Note 1-Other procedures are available for measuring abrasion resistance of concrete surfaces in addition to subjecting it to air driven silica sand. Consideration should be given to other methods of testing as outlined in C779 and C944. The test method most closely representing service conditions should be used.

SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers a procedure for determining the relative resistance of concrete (including concrete overlays and impregnated concrete) to abrasion under water (see Note 1). This procedure simulates the abrasive action of waterborne particles (silt, sand, gravel, and other solids).
Note 1-Other procedures are available for measuring abrasion resistance of concrete surfaces not under water. These include Test Methods C 418, C 779, and C 944.  
1.2 The values stated in acceptable metric units are to be regarded as the standard.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.