ASTM D6896-14
(Test Method)Standard Test Method for Determination of Yield Stress and Apparent Viscosity of Used Engine Oils at Low Temperature
Standard Test Method for Determination of Yield Stress and Apparent Viscosity of Used Engine Oils at Low Temperature
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 When an engine oil is cooled, the rate and duration of cooling can affect its yield stress and viscosity. In this laboratory test, used engine oil is slowly cooled through a temperature range where wax crystallization is known to occur, followed by relatively rapid cooling to the final test temperature. As in other low temperature rheological tests such as Test Methods D3829, D4684, and D5133, a preheating condition is required to ensure that all residual waxes are solubilized in the oil prior to the cooldown (that is, remove thermal memory). However, it is also known that highly sooted used diesel engine oils can experience a soot agglomerization phenomenon when heated under quiescent conditions. The current method uses a separate preheat and agitation step to break up any soot agglomerization that may have occurred prior to cooldown. The viscosity of highly sooted diesel engine oils as measured in this test method have been correlated to pressurization times in a motored engine test (1).4
5.2 Cooling Profiles:
5.2.1 For oils to be tested at –20 °C and –25 °C, Table X1.1 applies. The cooling profile described in Table X1.1 is based on the viscosity properties of the ASTM Pumpability Reference Oils (PRO). This series of oils includes oils with normal low-temperature flow properties and oils that have been associated with low-temperature pumpability problems (2-7).
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the measurement of the yield stress and viscosity of engine oils after cooling at controlled rates over a period of 43 h or 45 h to a final test temperature of –20 °C or –25 °C. The precision is stated for test temperatures –20 °C and –25 °C. The viscosity measurements are made at a shear stress of 525 Pa over a shear rate of 0.4 s-1 to 15 s-1. This test method is suitable for measurement of viscosities ranging from 4000 mPa·s to >400 000 mPa·s, and is suitable for yield stress measurements of 7 Pa to >350 Pa.
1.2 This test method is applicable for used diesel oils. The applicability and precision to other used or unused engine oils or to petroleum products other than engine oils has not been determined.
1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.
1.3.1 Exception—This test method uses the SI based unit of milliPascal second (mPa·s) for viscosity which is equivalent to centiPoise (cP).
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
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Designation: D6896 − 14
Standard Test Method for
Determination of Yield Stress and Apparent Viscosity of
1
Used Engine Oils at Low Temperature
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D6896; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope* D5133 Test Method for Low Temperature, Low Shear Rate,
Viscosity/Temperature Dependence of Lubricating Oils
1.1 This test method covers the measurement of the yield
Using a Temperature-Scanning Technique
stress and viscosity of engine oils after cooling at controlled
E563 Practice for Preparation and Use of an Ice-Point Bath
rates over a period of 43 h or 45 h to a final test temperature of
as a Reference Temperature
–20 °C or –25 °C. The precision is stated for test temperatures
E644 Test Methods for Testing Industrial Resistance Ther-
–20 °C and –25 °C. The viscosity measurements are made at a
-1 -1 mometers
shear stress of 525 Pa over a shear rate of 0.4 s to 15 s .This
E1137 SpecificationforIndustrialPlatinumResistanceTher-
test method is suitable for measurement of viscosities ranging
mometers
from 4000 mPa·s to >400 000 mPa·s, and is suitable for yield
E2877 Guide for Digital Contact Thermometers
stress measurements of 7 Pa to >350 Pa.
3
2.2 ISO Standards:
1.2 This test method is applicable for used diesel oils. The
ISO 17025 General Requirements for the Competence of
applicability and precision to other used or unused engine oils
Testing and Calibration Laboratories
or to petroleum products other than engine oils has not been
ISO Guide 34 General Requirements for the Competence of
determined.
Reference Material Producers
1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as
3. Terminology
standard. No other units of measurement are included in this
3.1 Definitions:
standard.
3.1.1 apparent viscosity, n—the determined viscosity ob-
1.3.1 Exception—This test method uses the SI based unit of
tained by use of this test method.
milliPascal second (mPa·s) for viscosity which is equivalent to
centiPoise (cP).
3.1.2 Digital Contact Thermometer (DCT), n—an electronic
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the device consisting of a digital display and associated tempera-
ture sensing probe.
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro- 3.1.2.1 Discussion—This device consists of a temperature
sensor connected to a measuring instrument; this instrument
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use. measures the temperature-dependent quantity of the sensor,
computes the temperature from the measured quantity, and
2. Referenced Documents
provides a digital output or display of the temperature, or both.
2
The temperature sensing probe is in contact with the material
2.1 ASTM Standards:
whose temperature is being measured. This device is some-
D3829 Test Method for Predicting the Borderline Pumping
times referred to as a digital thermometer.
Temperature of Engine Oil
D4684 Test Method for Determination of Yield Stress and
NOTE 1—Portable electronic thermometers (PET) is an acronym some-
Apparent Viscosity of Engine Oils at Low Temperature
times used to refer to a subset of the devices covered by this definition.
3.1.3 Newtonian oil or fluid, n—anoilorfluidthatatagiven
1 temperature exhibits a constant viscosity at all shear rates or
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D02 on
Petroleum Products, Liquid Fuels, and Lubricants and is the direct responsibility of shear stresses.
Subcommittee D02.07 on Flow Properties.
3.1.4 non-Newtonian oil or fluid, n—an oil or fluid that at a
Current edition approved July 1, 2014. Published August 2014. Originally
given temperature exhibits a viscosity that varies with chang-
approved in 2003. Last previous edition approved in 2012 as D6896 – 12. DOI:
10.1520/D6896-14.
ing shear stress or shear rate.
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
3
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on Available fromAmerican National Standards Institute (ANSI), 25 W. 43rd St.,
the ASTM website. 4th Floor, New York, NY 10036, http://www.ansi.org.
*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1
---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
D6896 − 14
3.1.5 shear rate, n—the velocity
...
This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
Designation: D6896 − 12 D6896 − 14
Standard Test Method for
Determination of Yield Stress and Apparent Viscosity of
1
Used Engine Oils at Low Temperature
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D6896; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope*
1.1 This test method covers the measurement of the yield stress and viscosity of engine oils after cooling at controlled rates over
a period of 4343 h or 45 h to a final test temperature of -20–20 °C or -25°C.–25 °C. The precision is stated for test temperatures
-1
-20–20 °C and -25°C.–25 °C. The viscosity measurements are made at a shear stress of 525 Pa over a shear rate of 0.40.4 s to
-1
15 s . This test method is suitable for measurement of viscosities ranging from 4000 mPa·s to >400 000 mPa·s, and is suitable
for yield stress measurements of 7 Pa to >350 Pa.
1.2 This test method is applicable for used diesel oils. The applicability and precision to other used or unused engine oils or
to petroleum products other than engine oils has not been determined.
1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.
1.3.1 Exception—This test method uses the SI based unit of milliPascal second (mPa·s) for viscosity which is equivalent to
centiPoise (cP).
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility
of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory
limitations prior to use.
2. Referenced Documents
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
D3829 Test Method for Predicting the Borderline Pumping Temperature of Engine Oil
D4684 Test Method for Determination of Yield Stress and Apparent Viscosity of Engine Oils at Low Temperature
D5133 Test Method for Low Temperature, Low Shear Rate, Viscosity/Temperature Dependence of Lubricating Oils Using a
Temperature-Scanning Technique
E563 Practice for Preparation and Use of an Ice-Point Bath as a Reference Temperature
E644 Test Methods for Testing Industrial Resistance Thermometers
E1137 Specification for Industrial Platinum Resistance Thermometers
E2877 Guide for Digital Contact Thermometers
3
2.2 ISO Standards:
ISO 17025 General Requirements for the Competence of Testing and Calibration Laboratories
ISO Guide 34 General Requirements for the Competence of Reference Material Producers
3. Terminology
3.1 Definitions:
3.1.1 apparent viscosity, n—the determined viscosity obtained by use of this test method.
3.1.2 Digital Contact Thermometer (DCT), n—an electronic device consisting of a digital display and associated temperature
sensing probe.
1
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D02 on Petroleum Products, Liquid Fuels, and Lubricants and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee
D02.07 on Flow Properties.
Current edition approved Nov. 1, 2012July 1, 2014. Published April 2013August 2014. Originally approved in 2003. Last previous edition approved in 20072012 as
D6896–03(2007).D6896 – 12. DOI: 10.1520/D6896-12.10.1520/D6896-14.
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM Standards
volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on the ASTM website.
3
Available from American National Standards Institute (ANSI), 25 W. 43rd St., 4th Floor, New York, NY 10036, http://www.ansi.org.
*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1
---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
D6896 − 14
3.1.2.1 Discussion—
This device consists of a temperature sensor connected to a measuring instrument; this instrument measures the temperature-
dependent quantity of the sensor, computes the temperature from the measured quantity, and provides a digital output or display
of the temperature, or both. The temperature sensing probe is in contact with the material whose temperature is being measured.
This device is sometimes referred to as a digital thermometer.
NOTE 1—Portable electronic thermometers (PET) is an acronym sometimes used to refer to a subset o
...
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