ASTM D6896-17
(Test Method)Standard Test Method for Determination of Yield Stress and Apparent Viscosity of Used Engine Oils at Low Temperature
Standard Test Method for Determination of Yield Stress and Apparent Viscosity of Used Engine Oils at Low Temperature
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 When an engine oil is cooled, the rate and duration of cooling can affect its yield stress and viscosity. In this laboratory test, used engine oil is slowly cooled through a temperature range where wax crystallization is known to occur, followed by relatively rapid cooling to the final test temperature. As in other low temperature rheological tests such as Test Methods D3829, D4684, and D5133, a preheating condition is required to ensure that all residual waxes are solubilized in the oil prior to the cooldown (that is, remove thermal memory). However, it is also known that highly sooted used diesel engine oils can experience a soot agglomerization phenomenon when heated under quiescent conditions. The current method uses a separate preheat and agitation step to break up any soot agglomerization that may have occurred prior to cooldown. The viscosity of highly sooted diesel engine oils as measured in this test method have been correlated to pressurization times in a motored engine test (1).4
5.2 Cooling Profiles:
5.2.1 For oils to be tested at –20 °C and –25 °C, Table X1.1 applies. The cooling profile described in Table X1.1 is based on the viscosity properties of the ASTM Pumpability Reference Oils (PRO). This series of oils includes oils with normal low-temperature flow properties and oils that have been associated with low-temperature pumpability problems (2-7).
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the measurement of the yield stress and viscosity of engine oils after cooling at controlled rates over a period of 43 h or 45 h to a final test temperature of –20 °C or –25 °C. The precision is stated for test temperatures –20 °C and –25 °C. The viscosity measurements are made at a shear stress of 525 Pa over a shear rate of 0.4 s-1 to 15 s-1. This test method is suitable for measurement of viscosities ranging from 4000 mPa·s to >400 000 mPa·s, and is suitable for yield stress measurements of 7 Pa to >350 Pa.
1.2 This test method is applicable for used diesel oils. The applicability and precision to other used or unused engine oils or to petroleum products other than engine oils has not been determined.
1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.
1.3.1 Exception—This test method uses the SI based unit of milliPascal second (mPa·s) for viscosity which is equivalent to centiPoise (cP).
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
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Designation: D6896 − 17
Standard Test Method for
Determination of Yield Stress and Apparent Viscosity of
1
Used Engine Oils at Low Temperature
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D6896; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope* 2. Referenced Documents
2
1.1 This test method covers the measurement of the yield 2.1 ASTM Standards:
stress and viscosity of engine oils after cooling at controlled D3829 Test Method for Predicting the Borderline Pumping
rates over a period of 43 h or 45 h to a final test temperature of Temperature of Engine Oil
–20 °C or –25 °C. The precision is stated for test temperatures D4684 Test Method for Determination of Yield Stress and
–20 °C and –25 °C. The viscosity measurements are made at a Apparent Viscosity of Engine Oils at Low Temperature
-1 -1
shear stress of 525 Pa over a shear rate of 0.4 s to 15 s .This D5133 Test Method for Low Temperature, Low Shear Rate,
test method is suitable for measurement of viscosities ranging Viscosity/Temperature Dependence of Lubricating Oils
from 4000 mPa·s to >400 000 mPa·s, and is suitable for yield Using a Temperature-Scanning Technique
stress measurements of 7 Pa to >350 Pa. E563 Practice for Preparation and Use of an Ice-Point Bath
as a Reference Temperature
1.2 This test method is applicable for used diesel oils. The
E644 Test Methods for Testing Industrial Resistance Ther-
applicability and precision to other used or unused engine oils
mometers
or to petroleum products other than engine oils has not been
E1137 SpecificationforIndustrialPlatinumResistanceTher-
determined.
mometers
1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as
E2877 Guide for Digital Contact Thermometers
3
standard. No other units of measurement are included in this
2.2 ISO Standards:
standard.
ISO 17025 General Requirements for the Competence of
1.3.1 Exception—This test method uses the SI based unit of
Testing and Calibration Laboratories
milliPascal second (mPa·s) for viscosity which is equivalent to
ISO Guide 34 General Requirements for the Competence of
centiPoise (cP).
Reference Material Producers
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the
3. Terminology
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
3.1 Definitions:
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica- 3.1.1 apparent viscosity, n—the determined viscosity ob-
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.
tained by use of this test method.
1.5 This international standard was developed in accor-
3.1.2 digital contact thermometer (DCT), n—an electronic
dance with internationally recognized principles on standard-
device consisting of a digital display and associated tempera-
ization established in the Decision on Principles for the
ture sensing probe.
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recom-
3.1.2.1 Discussion—This device consists of a temperature
mendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical
sensor connected to a measuring instrument; this instrument
Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
measures the temperature-dependent quantity of the sensor,
1 2
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D02 on For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
Petroleum Products, Liquid Fuels, and Lubricants and is the direct responsibility of contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
Subcommittee D02.07 on Flow Properties. Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
Current edition approved May 1, 2017. Published May 2017. Originally the ASTM website.
3
approved in 2003. Last previous edition approved in 2014 as D6896 – 14. DOI: Available fromAmerican National Standards Institute (ANSI), 25 W. 43rd St.,
10.1520/D6896-17. 4th Floor, New York, NY 10036, http://www.ansi.org.
*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1
---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
D6896 − 17
computes the temperature from the measured quantity, and 3.2.1 calibration oils, n—those oils that establish the instru-
provides a digital output. This digital output goes to a digital ment’s reference framework of apparent viscosity versus
displayand/orrecordingdevicethatmaybeinternalorexternal speed, from which the apparent viscosities of test oils are
to the device. These devices are sometimes referred to as determine
...
This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
Designation: D6896 − 14 D6896 − 17
Standard Test Method for
Determination of Yield Stress and Apparent Viscosity of
1
Used Engine Oils at Low Temperature
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D6896; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope*
1.1 This test method covers the measurement of the yield stress and viscosity of engine oils after cooling at controlled rates over
a period of 43 h or 45 h to a final test temperature of –20 °C or –25 °C. The precision is stated for test temperatures –20 °C and
-1 -1
–25 °C. The viscosity measurements are made at a shear stress of 525 Pa over a shear rate of 0.4 s to 15 s . This test method
is suitable for measurement of viscosities ranging from 4000 mPa·s to >400 000 mPa·s, and is suitable for yield stress
measurements of 7 Pa to >350 Pa.
1.2 This test method is applicable for used diesel oils. The applicability and precision to other used or unused engine oils or
to petroleum products other than engine oils has not been determined.
1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.
1.3.1 Exception—This test method uses the SI based unit of milliPascal second (mPa·s) for viscosity which is equivalent to
centiPoise (cP).
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility
of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory
limitations prior to use.
1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization
established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued
by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
2. Referenced Documents
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
D3829 Test Method for Predicting the Borderline Pumping Temperature of Engine Oil
D4684 Test Method for Determination of Yield Stress and Apparent Viscosity of Engine Oils at Low Temperature
D5133 Test Method for Low Temperature, Low Shear Rate, Viscosity/Temperature Dependence of Lubricating Oils Using a
Temperature-Scanning Technique
E563 Practice for Preparation and Use of an Ice-Point Bath as a Reference Temperature
E644 Test Methods for Testing Industrial Resistance Thermometers
E1137 Specification for Industrial Platinum Resistance Thermometers
E2877 Guide for Digital Contact Thermometers
3
2.2 ISO Standards:
ISO 17025 General Requirements for the Competence of Testing and Calibration Laboratories
ISO Guide 34 General Requirements for the Competence of Reference Material Producers
3. Terminology
3.1 Definitions:
3.1.1 apparent viscosity, n—the determined viscosity obtained by use of this test method.
1
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D02 on Petroleum Products, Liquid Fuels, and Lubricants and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee
D02.07 on Flow Properties.
Current edition approved July 1, 2014May 1, 2017. Published August 2014May 2017. Originally approved in 2003. Last previous edition approved in 20122014 as
D6896 – 12.D6896 – 14. DOI: 10.1520/D6896-14.10.1520/D6896-17.
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM Standards
volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on the ASTM website.
3
Available from American National Standards Institute (ANSI), 25 W. 43rd St., 4th Floor, New York, NY 10036, http://www.ansi.org.
*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1
---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
D6896 − 17
3.1.2 Digital Contact Thermometerdigital contact thermometer (DCT), n—an electronic device consisting of a digital display
and associated temperature sensing probe.
3.1.2.1 Discussion—
This device consists of a temperature sensor connected to a measuring instrument; this instrument measures the temperature-
dependent quantity of the sensor, computes the temperature from the measured quantity, and provi
...
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