ASTM D4008-16
(Guide)Standard Guide for Measuring Anti-Soil Deposition Properties of Laundry Detergents
Standard Guide for Measuring Anti-Soil Deposition Properties of Laundry Detergents
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 The guide can be used to compare anti-redeposition performance of products; however, there is no confirmed basis for correlation of this controlled laboratory technique with consumers’ ranking of anti-redeposition performance.
SCOPE
1.1 This guide provides direction for measuring the ability of detergents to prevent the deposition of soils from detergent solutions onto fabrics. It is intended as a laboratory screening test to aid in the formulation of detergent products, for quality control, and as a basis between the purchaser and seller in standardizing specific products' performance.
1.2 The anti-soil deposition performance of detergent products will vary greatly depending on the type of soils and fabrics used in the test. Therefore, selection of the soils, fabrics, reference detergents, and test conditions shall be made by agreement between the interested parties on the basis of experience.
1.3 There is no single or combination of oily soils or particulate soils, or both, that will precisely predict overall the performance of a product or treatment with respect to anti-redeposition as perceived by a consumer. This guide is intended to assess or compare detergent performance with respect to the anti-redeposition performance for the specific soil chosen.
1.4 The values stated in either inch-pound or SI units are to be regarded separately as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only.
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. Material safety data sheets are available for reagents and materials. Review them for hazards prior to usage.
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Designation: D4008 − 16
Standard Guide for
Measuring Anti-Soil Deposition Properties of Laundry
1
Detergents
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D4008; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope 2. Referenced Documents
2
1.1 This guide provides direction for measuring the ability 2.1 ASTM Standards:
of detergents to prevent the deposition of soils from detergent D1193 Specification for Reagent Water
solutions onto fabrics. It is intended as a laboratory screening E97 Method of Test for Directional Reflectance Factor,
test to aid in the formulation of detergent products, for quality 45-Deg 0-Deg, of Opaque Specimens by Broad-Band
3
control, and as a basis between the purchaser and seller in Filter Reflectometry (Withdrawn 1991)
standardizing specific products’ performance. E313 Practice for Calculating Yellowness and Whiteness
Indices from Instrumentally Measured Color Coordinates
1.2 The anti-soil deposition performance of detergent prod-
uctswillvarygreatlydependingonthetypeofsoilsandfabrics
3. Terminology
used in the test. Therefore, selection of the soils, fabrics,
3.1 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:
reference detergents, and test conditions shall be made by
3.1.1 reflectance retention—the change in reflectance be-
agreement between the interested parties on the basis of
tween clean fabric and the same fabric after laundering.
experience.
3.1.2 soil deposition—the soiling of clean fabrics by soil
1.3 There is no single or combination of oily soils or
that has been added to the wash bath rather than by soil
particulate soils, or both, that will precisely predict overall the
removed from another fabric.
performance of a product or treatment with respect to anti-
3.1.3 soil redeposition—the soiling of clean, or relatively
redeposition as perceived by a consumer. This guide is in-
clean, fabrics during the laundering process by soil that has
tended to assess or compare detergent performance with
been removed from another fabric.
respect to the anti-redeposition performance for the specific
soil chosen.
4. Summary of Guide
1.4 The values stated in either inch-pound or SI units are to
4.1 Swatches of clean fabrics are washed, a minimum of
be regarded separately as the standard. The values given in
three times, in solutions of the test detergent prepared to
parentheses are for information only.
contain known amounts of particulate and oily soils.
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the
4.1.1 Identical clean swatches are similarly exposed to
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
prepared solutions of a suitable reference detergent containing
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
an identical soil load. The ability of the test detergent to
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
prevent soil deposition is estimated by comparing the reflec-
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.Materialsafetydata
tance retention of the swatches washed in the test detergent to
sheets are available for reagents and materials. Review them
the reflectance retention of those washed in the reference
for hazards prior to usage.
detergent.
1 2
This guide is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D12 on Soaps and For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
Other Detergents and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D12.15 on contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
Physical Testing. Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
Current edition approved July 1, 2016. Published August 2016. Originally the ASTM website.
3
approved in 1981. Last previous edition approved in 2009 as D4008 – 95(2009). The last approved version of this historical standard is referenced on
DOI: 10.1520/D4008-16. www.astm.org.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1
---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
D4008 − 16
5. Significance and Use 20 g of vacuum cleaner dirt. Add this mixture to 150 mL of
methylenechloridecontaining4goftrioleinand4gofmineral
5.1 The guide can be used to compare anti-redeposition
oil. While constantly stirring this mixture, evaporate the
performance of products; however, there is no confirmed basis
solvent under a heat lamp in a hood.The oily/particulate soil is
for correlation of this controlled laboratory technique with
gentlygroundinamortarandpestletodisperseanylumps,that
consumers’ ranking of anti-redeposit
...
This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
Designation: D4008 − 95 (Reapproved 2009) D4008 − 16
Standard Test Method Guide for
Measuring Anti-Soil Deposition Properties of Laundry
1
Detergents (Not Suitable for Detergent Ranking)
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D4008; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope
1.1 This test method provides guidelines for measuring the ability of detergents to prevent the deposition of soils from detergent
solutions onto fabrics. It is intended as a laboratory screening test to aid in the formulation of detergent products, for quality
control, and as a basis between the purchaser and seller in standardizing specific products’ performance.
1.2 The anti-soil deposition performance of detergent products will vary greatly depending on the type of soils and fabrics used
in the test. Therefore, selection of the soils, fabrics, reference detergents, and test conditions shall be made by agreement between
the interested parties on the basis of experience.
1.3 The values stated in either inch-pound or SI units are to be regarded separately as the standard. The values given in
parentheses are for information only.
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility
of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory
limitations prior to use. Material safety data sheets are available for reagents and materials. Review them for hazards prior to usage.
2. Referenced Documents
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
D1193 Specification for Reagent Water
3
D2960 Guide for Controlled Laundering Test Using Naturally Soiled Fabrics and Household Appliances (Withdrawn 2013)
E97 Method of Test for Directional Reflectance Factor, 45-Deg 0-Deg, of Opaque Specimens by Broad-Band Filter
3
Reflectometry (Withdrawn 1991)
E313 Practice for Calculating Yellowness and Whiteness Indices from Instrumentally Measured Color Coordinates
3. Terminology
3.1 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:
3.1.1 reflectance retention—the change in reflectance between clean fabric and the same fabric after laundering.
3.1.2 soil deposition—the soiling of clean fabrics by soil that has been added to the wash bath rather than by soil removed from
another fabric.
3.1.3 soil redeposition—the soiling of clean, or relatively clean, fabrics during the laundering process by soil that has been
removed from another fabric.
4. Summary of Test Method
4.1 Swatches of clean fabrics are washed, a minimum of three times, in solutions of the test detergent prepared to contain known
amounts of particulate and oily soils.
4.1.1 Identical clean swatches are similarly exposed to prepared solutions of a suitable reference detergent containing an
identical soil load. The ability of the test detergent to prevent soil deposition is estimated by comparing the reflectance retention
of the swatches washed in the test detergent to the reflectance retention of those washed in the reference detergent.
1
This test method guide is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D12 on Soaps and Other Detergents and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D12.15 on
Physical Testing.
Current edition approved Oct. 1, 2009July 1, 2016. Published December 2009August 2016. Originally approved in 1981. Last previous edition approved in 20032009 as
D4008 – 95(2003).(2009). DOI: 10.1520/D4008-95R09.10.1520/D4008-16.
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM Standards
volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on the ASTM website.
3
The last approved version of this historical standard is referenced on www.astm.org.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1
---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
D4008 − 16
5. Significance and Use
5.1 The test as now constituted is not suitable for ranking of detergent products, since no basis is available at this time for
correlation of the anti-deposition performance of detergents using any particular combination of soils and fabrics with
anti-redeposition performance during washing of naturally soiled ar
...
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