ASTM E2533-09
(Guide)Standard Guide for Nondestructive Testing of Polymer Matrix Composites Used in Aerospace Applications
Standard Guide for Nondestructive Testing of Polymer Matrix Composites Used in Aerospace Applications
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
This guide references requirements that are intended to control the quality of NDT data. The purpose of this guide, therefore, is not to establish acceptance criteria and therefore approve composite materials or components for aerospace service.
Certain Practices referenced in the guide are written so they can be specified on the engineering drawing, specification, purchase order, or contract, for example, Practice E 1742 (Radiography).
Acceptance Criteria—Determination about whether a composite material or component meets acceptance criteria and is suitable for aerospace service must be made by the cognizant engineering organization. When examinations are performed in accordance with the referenced documents in this guide, the engineering drawing, specification, purchase order, or contract shall indicate the acceptance criteria.
Accept/reject criteria shall consist of a listing of the expected kinds of imperfections and the rejection level for each.
The classification of the articles under test into zones for various accept/reject criteria shall be determined from contractual documents.
Rejection of Composite Articles—If the type, size, or quantities of defects are found to be outside the allowable limits specified by the drawing, purchase order, or contract, the composite article shall be separated from acceptable articles, appropriately identified as discrepant, and submitted for material review by the cognizant engineering organization, and dispositioned as (1) acceptable as is, (2) subject to further rework or repair to make the materials or component acceptable, or (3) scrapped when required by contractual documents.
Acceptance criteria and interpretation of result shall be defined in requirements documents prior to performing the examination. Advance agreement should be reached between the purchaser and supplier regarding the interpretation of the results of the examinations. All discontinuities having signals that exceed the rejection level as de...
SCOPE
1.1 This guide provides information to help engineers select appropriate nondestructive testing (NDT) methods to characterize aerospace polymer matrix composites (PMCs). This guide does not intend to describe every inspection technology. Rather, emphasis is placed on established NDT methods that have been developed into consensus standards and that are currently used by industry. Specific practices and test methods are not described in detail, but are referenced. The referenced NDT practices and test methods have demonstrated utility in quality assurance of PMCs during process design and optimization, process control, after manufacture inspection, in-service inspection, and health monitoring.
1.2 This guide does not specify accept-reject criteria and is not intended to be used as a means for approving composite materials or components for service.
1.3 This guide covers the following established NDT methods as applied to polymeric matrix composites: Acoustic Emission, Computed Tomography, Leak Testing, Radiography, Radioscopy, Shearography, Strain Measurement (contact methods), Thermography, Ultrasound, and Visual NDT.
1.4 The value of this guide consists of the narrative descriptions of general procedures and significance and use sections for established NDT methods as applied to polymer matrix composites. Additional information is provided about the use of currently active standard documents (an emphasis is placed on applicable standard guides, practices, and test methods of ASTM Committee E07 on Nondestructive Testing), geometry and size considerations, safety and hazards considerations, and information about physical reference standards.
1.5 To ensure proper use of the referenced standard documents, there are recognized NDT specialists that are certified in accordance with industry and company NDT specifications. It is recommended that a NDT specialist be a part of any composite component design, quality assur...
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Designation: E2533 − 09
StandardGuide for
Nondestructive Testing of Polymer Matrix Composites Used
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in Aerospace Applications
This standard is issued under the fixed designation E2533; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision.Anumber in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the U.S. Department of Defense.
1. Scope part of any composite component design, quality assurance,
in-service maintenance or damage examination.
1.1 Thisguideprovidesinformationtohelpengineersselect
appropriate nondestructive testing (NDT) methods to charac- 1.6 ThisguidesummarizestheapplicationofNDTmethods
terize aerospace polymer matrix composites (PMCs). This to fiber- and fabric-reinforced polymeric matrix composites.
guide does not intend to describe every inspection technology. The composites of interest are primarily, but not exclusively
Rather, emphasis is placed on established NDT methods that limited to those containing high modulus (greater than 20 GPa
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have been developed into consensus standards and that are (3×10 psi)) fibers. Furthermore, an emphasis is placed on
currently used by industry. Specific practices and test methods composites with continuous (versus discontinuous) fiber rein-
are not described in detail, but are referenced. The referenced forcement.
NDT practices and test methods have demonstrated utility in
1.7 Thisguideisapplicabletopolymericmatrixcomposites
quality assurance of PMCs during process design and
containing but not limited to bismaleimide, epoxy, phenolic,
optimization, process control, after manufacture inspection,
poly(amide imide), polybenzimidazole, polyester (thermoset-
in-service inspection, and health monitoring.
ting and thermoplastic), poly(ether ether ketone), poly(ether
1.2 This guide does not specify accept-reject criteria and is imide), polyimide (thermosetting and thermoplastic), poly-
not intended to be used as a means for approving composite (phenylene sulfide), or polysulfone matrices; and alumina,
materials or components for service. aramid, boron, carbon, glass, quartz, or silicon carbide fibers.
1.3 This guide covers the following established NDT meth- 1.8 The composite materials considered herein include uni-
ods as applied to polymeric matrix composites: Acoustic axial laminae, cross-ply laminates, angle-ply laminates, and
structural sandwich constructions. The composite components
Emission,ComputedTomography,LeakTesting,Radiography,
Radioscopy, Shearography, Strain Measurement (contact made therefrom include filament-wound pressure vessels,
methods), Thermography, Ultrasound, and Visual NDT. flight control surfaces, and various structural composites.
1.4 Thevalueofthisguideconsistsofthenarrativedescrip- 1.9 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the
tions of general procedures and significance and use sections standard. The values given in parentheses are provided for
for established NDT methods as applied to polymer matrix information only.
composites. Additional information is provided about the use
1.10 This standard does not purport to address all of the
of currently active standard documents (an emphasis is placed
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
on applicable standard guides, practices, and test methods of
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
ASTM Committee E07 on Nondestructive Testing), geometry
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
and size considerations, safety and hazards considerations, and
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.
information about physical reference standards.
2. Referenced Documents
1.5 To ensure proper use of the referenced standard
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documents, there are recognized NDT specialists that are
2.1 ASTM Standards:
certified in accordance with industry and company NDT
C274Terminology of Structural Sandwich Constructions
specifications. It is recommended that a NDT specialist be a
D3878Terminology for Composite Materials
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This guide is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee E07 on Nondestruc-
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tive Testing and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee E07.10 on Specialized For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
NDT Methods. contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
Current edition approved May 15, 2009. Published July 2009. DOI: 10.1520/ Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
E2533-09. the ASTM website.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
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