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ASTM E2330-04

(Test Method)

Standard Test Method for Determination of Trace Elements in Glass Samples Using Inductively Coupled Plasma Mass Spectrometry (ICP-MS)

Standard Test Method for Determination of Trace Elements in Glass Samples Using Inductively Coupled Plasma Mass Spectrometry (ICP-MS)

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
This technique is destructive, in that the glass fragments may need to be crushed, and must be digested in acid.
Although the concentration ranges of the calibration curves shown in Appendix X1 are applicable to soda lime and borosilicate glass, this method is useful for the accurate measurement of trace elements from a wide variety of glass samples.
The determination the elemental concentrations in glass allows for additional data that can be compared between fragments. A standardized, validated method can aid in the interchange of data between laboratories.
It should be recognized that the method measures the bulk concentration of the target elements. Any extraneous material present on the glass that is not removed before digestion may result in a measurably different concentration of the elements.
The precision and accuracy of the method should be established in each laboratory that employs the method. Confidence intervals or a similar statistical quality statement should be quoted along with any reported concentration value.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers a procedure for elemental analysis of magnesium (Mg), aluminum (Al, titanium (Ti), manganese (Mn), gallium (Ga), rubidium (Rb), strontium (Sr), zirconium (Zr), antimony (Sb), barium (Ba), lanthanum (La), cerium (Ce), samarium (Sm), hafnium (Hf) and lead (Pb) in the bulk of glass samples (irregularly shaped and as small as 200 micrograms) for the comparison of fragments of a known source to the recovered fragments from a questioned source. These elements are present in soda lime and borosilicate glass in ngg-1 to % levels. Alternative methods for the determination of elemental analysis of glass are listed in the references. This procedure may also be applicable to other elements, other types of glass, or other concentration ranges with appropriate modifications of the digestion procedure (if needed for full recovery of the additional elements) and the mass spectrometer conditions. The addition of calcium and potassium, for example, could be added to the list of analytes in a modified analysis scheme.
This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

General Information

Status
Historical
Publication Date
31-Jul-2004
ICS
71.040.40 - Chemical analysis
81.040.10 - Raw materials and raw glass
Technical Committee
E30 - Forensic Sciences
Drafting Committee
E30.01 - Criminalistics
Current Stage
Ref Project

Relations

Replaced By
ASTM E2330-12 - Standard Test Method for Determination of Concentrations of Elements in Glass Samples Using Inductively Coupled Plasma Mass Spectrometry (ICP-MS) for Forensic Comparisons
Effective Date
15-Jun-2012
Referred By
ASTM E2926-17 - Standard Test Method for Forensic Comparison of Glass Using Micro X-ray Fluorescence (µ-XRF) Spectrometry
Effective Date
01-Aug-2004
Referred By
ASTM E2927-16e1 - Standard Test Method for Determination of Trace Elements in Soda-Lime Glass Samples Using Laser Ablation Inductively Coupled Plasma Mass Spectrometry for Forensic Comparisons
Effective Date
01-Aug-2004

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ASTM E2330-04 - Standard Test Method for Determination of Trace Elements in Glass Samples Using Inductively Coupled Plasma Mass Spectrometry (ICP-MS)ASTM E2330-04 - Standard Test Method for Determination of Trace Elements in Glass Samples Using Inductively Coupled Plasma Mass Spectrometry (ICP-MS)
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ASTM E2330-04 - Standard Test Method for Determination of Trace Elements in Glass Samples Using Inductively Coupled Plasma Mass Spectrometry (ICP-MS)
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NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information
Designation:E2330–04
Standard Test Method for
Determination of Trace Elements in Glass Samples Using
1
Inductively Coupled Plasma Mass Spectrometry (ICP-MS)
This standard is issued under the fixed designation E2330; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (ϵ) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope charged ion interferences.The instrument is then calibrated per
manufacture recommendations using multi-elemental calibra-
1.1 This test method covers a procedure for elemental
tion standards with the same internal standards (Rh and Sc) as
analysis of magnesium (Mg), aluminum (Al, titanium (Ti),
that those added to the samples.
manganese (Mn), gallium (Ga), rubidium (Rb), strontium (Sr),
2.3 Reagent blanks are measured along with the samples as
zirconium (Zr), antimony (Sb), barium (Ba), lanthanum (La),
detection limits are usually limited by the background signals
cerium(Ce),samarium(Sm),hafnium(Hf)andlead(Pb)inthe
generated by the reagent blanks. The limits of detection of the
bulk of glass samples (irregularly shaped and as small as 200
-1 -1
method are expected to be between 0.5 ngg and 25 ngg in
micrograms) for the comparison of fragments of a known
solution for most elements.
source to the recovered fragments from a questioned source.
These elements are present in soda lime and borosilicate glass
3. Significance and Use
-1
in ngg to % levels.Alternative methods for the determination
3.1 This technique is destructive, in that the glass fragments
of elemental analysis of glass are listed in the references. This
may need to be crushed, and must be digested in acid.
proceduremayalsobeapplicabletootherelements,othertypes
3.2 Although the concentration ranges of the calibration
of glass, or other concentration ranges with appropriate modi-
curves shown inAppendix X1 are applicable to soda lime and
fications of the digestion procedure (if needed for full recovery
borosilicate glass, this method is useful for the accurate
of the additional elements) and the mass spectrometer condi-
measurement of trace elements from a wide variety of glass
tions. The addition of calcium and potassium, for example,
samples.
could be added to the list of analytes in a modified analysis
3.3 The determination the elemental concentrations in glass
scheme.
allows for additional data that can be compared between
1.2 This standard does not purport to address all of the
fragments. A standardized, validated method can aid in the
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
interchange of data between laboratories.
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
3.4 It should be recognized that the method measures the
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
bulk concentration of the target elements. Any extraneous
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.
material present on the glass that is not removed before
2. Summary of Test Method digestion may result in a measurably different concentration of
the elements.
2.1 The glass fragments are digested using a mixture of
3.5 The precision and accuracy of the method should be
hydrofluoric, nitric and hydrochloric acids. Following acid
established in each laboratory that employs the method. Con-
digestion,thesamplesaretakentodrynesstoeliminatemostof
fidenceintervalsorasimilarstatisticalqualitystatementshould
the silicate matrix and the excess acids. Then an internal
be quoted along with any reported concentration value.
standardisaddedasthesamplesarereconstitutedinnitricacid.
Dilutions may be utilized to quantitate those elements that are
4. Apparatus
present in higher concentrations.
4.1 ICP-MS—An ICP-MS instrument is employed. Since
2.2 An inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometer is
there are many manufacturers, the specification of the instru-
used to measure the concentrations of the identified elements
ment should be noted within the analysis results.
(1.1). The instrument should be adjusted for maximum sensi-
4.2 The instrument should be tuned prior to the analysis
tivity, best precision and to minimize oxides and doubly
using the manufacturer’s recommendations covering the mass
range of the identified elements. The instrument should be
1
ThistestmethodisunderthejurisdictionofASTMCommitteeE30onForensic
adjusted for maximum sensitivity, best precision and to mini-
Sciences and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee E30.01 on Criminalistics.
mize oxides and doubly charged ion interferences. The instru-
Current edition approved Aug. 1, 2004. Published August 2004. DOI: 10.1520/
ment is then calibrated per manufacture recommendations
E2330-04.
Copyright
...

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Standard Test Method for Determination of Concentrations of Elements in Glass Samples Using Inductively Coupled Plasma Mass Spectrometry (ICP-MS) for Forensic Comparisons

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 This technique is destructive, in that the glass fragments may need to be crushed, and digested in acid.  
4.2 Although the concentration ranges of the calibration curves shown in Appendix X1 are applicable to soda lime and borosilicate glass, this method is useful for the accurate measurement of element concentrations from a wide variety of glass samples.  
4.3 The determination of the element concentrations in glass yields data that can be used to compare fragments.  
4.4 It should be recognized that the method measures the bulk concentration of the target elements. Any extraneous material present on the glass that is not removed before digestion can result in inaccurate concentrations of the measured elements.  
4.5 The precision and accuracy of the method should be established in each laboratory that employs the method.
SCOPE
1.1 One objective of a forensic glass examination is to compare glass samples to determine if they can be discriminated using their physical, optical or chemical properties (for example, color, refractive index (RI), density, elemental composition). If the samples are distinguishable in any of these observed and measured properties, it may be concluded that they did not originate from the same source of broken glass. If the samples are indistinguishable in all of these observed and measured properties, the possibility that they originated from the same source of glass cannot be eliminated. The use of an elemental analysis method such as inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry yields high discrimination among sources of glass. (1-16)2  
1.2 This test method covers a procedure for quantitative determination of the concentrations of magnesium (Mg), aluminum (Al), iron (Fe), titanium (Ti), manganese (Mn), rubidium (Rb), strontium (Sr), zirconium (Zr), barium (Ba), lanthanum (La), cerium (Ce), neodymium (Nd), samarium (Sm), and lead (Pb) in glass samples.  
1.3 This procedure is applicable to irregularly shaped samples as small as 200 micrograms, for the comparison of fragments of a known source to the recovered fragments from a questioned source. These elements are present in soda lime and borosilicate glass in μg/L to % levels.  
1.4 This procedure is applicable to other elements, other types of glass, and other concentration ranges with appropriate modifications of the digestion procedure (if needed for full recovery of the additional elements), calibration standards and the mass spectrometer conditions. Calcium and potassium, for example, could be added to the list of analytes in a modified analysis scheme. Alternative methods for the determination of concentrations of elements in glass are listed in the references.  
1.5 For any given glass, approximately 40 elements are likely to be present at detectable concentrations using this procedure with minor modifications. The element set stated here is an example of some of these elements that can be detected in glass and used for forensic comparisons.  
1.6 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.  
1.7 This standard cannot replace knowledge, skills, or abilities acquired through education, training, and experience and is to be used in conjunction with professional judgment by individuals with such discipline-specific knowledge, skills, and abilities.  
1.8 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
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ASTM E2927-16e1(Test Method)
Standard Test Method for Determination of Trace Elements in Soda-Lime Glass Samples Using Laser Ablation Inductively Coupled Plasma Mass Spectrometry for Forensic Comparisons

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 This test method is useful for the determination of elemental concentrations in the microgram per gram (µgg-1) to percent (%) levels in soda-lime glass samples. A standard test method may aid in the interchange of data between laboratories and in the creation and use of glass databases.  
5.2 The determination of elemental concentrations in glass provides high discriminating value in the forensic comparison of glass fragments.  
5.3 This test method produces minimal destruction of the sample. Microscopic craters of 50 to 100 µm in diameter by 80 to 150-µm deep are left in the glass fragment after analysis. The mass removed per replicate is approximately 0.4 to 3.1 µg.  
5.4 Appropriate sampling techniques shall be used to account for natural heterogeneity of the materials at a microscopic scale.  
5.5 The precision, accuracy, and limits of detection of the method (for each element measured) shall be established in each laboratory that employs the method. The measurement uncertainty of any concentration value used for a comparison shall be recorded with the concentration.  
5.6 Acid digestion of glass followed by either Inductively Coupled Plasma-Optical Emission Spectrometry (ICP-OES) or Inductively Coupled Plasma-Mass Spectrometry (ICP-MS) may also be used for trace elemental analysis of glass, and offer similar detection levels and the ability for quantitative analysis. However, these methods are destructive, and require larger sample sizes and much longer sample preparation times (Test Method E2330).  
5.7 Micro X-Ray Fluorescence (µ-XRF) uses comparable sample sizes to those used for LA-ICP-MS with the advantage of being non-destructive of the sample. Some of the drawbacks of µ-XRF are poorer sensitivity and precision, and longer analysis time.  
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SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers a procedure for the quantitative elemental analysis of the following seventeen elements: lithium (Li), magnesium (Mg), aluminum (Al), potassium (K), calcium (Ca), iron (Fe), titanium (Ti), manganese (Mn), rubidium (Rb), strontium (Sr), zirconium (Zr), barium (Ba), lanthanum (La), cerium (Ce), neodymium (Nd), hafnium (Hf) and lead (Pb) through the use of Laser Ablation Inductively Coupled Plasma Mass Spectrometry (LA-ICP-MS) for the forensic comparison of glass fragments. The potential of these elements to provide the best discrimination among different sources of soda-lime glasses has been published elsewhere (1-5).2 Silicon (Si) is also monitored for use as a normalization standard. Additional elements may be added as needed, for example, tin (Sn) can be used to monitor the orientation of float glass fragments.  
1.2 The method only consumes approximately 0.4 to 2 µg of glass per replicate and is suitable for the analysis of full thickness samples as well as irregularly shaped fragments as small as 0.1 mm by 0.4 mm in dimension. The concentrations of the elements listed above range from the low parts per million (µgg-1) to percent (%) levels in soda-lime-silicate glass, the most common type encountered in forensic cases. This standard method may be applied for the quantitative analysis of other glass types; however, some modifications in the reference standard glasses and the element menu may be required.  
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Standard Test Method for Determination of Concentrations of Elements in Glass Samples Using Inductively Coupled Plasma Mass Spectrometry (ICP-MS) for Forensic Comparisons

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 This technique is destructive, in that the glass fragments may need to be crushed, and digested in acid.  
4.2 Although the concentration ranges of the calibration curves shown in Appendix X1 are applicable to soda lime and borosilicate glass, this method is useful for the accurate measurement of element concentrations from a wide variety of glass samples.  
4.3 The determination of the element concentrations in glass yields data that can be used to compare fragments.  
4.4 It should be recognized that the method measures the bulk concentration of the target elements. Any extraneous material present on the glass that is not removed before digestion can result in inaccurate concentrations of the measured elements.  
4.5 The precision and accuracy of the method should be established in each laboratory that employs the method.
SCOPE
1.1 One objective of a forensic glass examination is to compare glass samples to determine if they can be discriminated using their physical, optical or chemical properties (for example, color, refractive index (RI), density, elemental composition). If the samples are distinguishable in any of these observed and measured properties, it may be concluded that they did not originate from the same source of broken glass. If the samples are indistinguishable in all of these observed and measured properties, the possibility that they originated from the same source of glass cannot be eliminated. The use of an elemental analysis method such as inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry yields high discrimination among sources of glass. (1-16)2  
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1.3 This procedure is applicable to irregularly shaped samples as small as 200 micrograms, for the comparison of fragments of a known source to the recovered fragments from a questioned source. These elements are present in soda lime and borosilicate glass in μg/L to % levels.  
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5.1 This test method is useful for the determination of elemental concentrations in the microgram per gram (µgg-1) to percent (%) levels in soda-lime glass samples. A standard test method may aid in the interchange of data between laboratories and in the creation and use of glass databases.  
5.2 The determination of elemental concentrations in glass provides high discriminating value in the forensic comparison of glass fragments.  
5.3 This test method produces minimal destruction of the sample. Microscopic craters of 50 to 100 µm in diameter by 80 to 150-µm deep are left in the glass fragment after analysis. The mass removed per replicate is approximately 0.4 to 3.1 µg.  
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5.5 The precision, accuracy, and limits of detection of the method (for each element measured) shall be established in each laboratory that employs the method. The measurement uncertainty of any concentration value used for a comparison shall be recorded with the concentration.  
5.6 Acid digestion of glass followed by either Inductively Coupled Plasma-Optical Emission Spectrometry (ICP-OES) or Inductively Coupled Plasma-Mass Spectrometry (ICP-MS) may also be used for trace elemental analysis of glass, and offer similar detection levels and the ability for quantitative analysis. However, these methods are destructive, and require larger sample sizes and much longer sample preparation times (Test Method E2330).  
5.7 Micro X-Ray Fluorescence (µ-XRF) uses comparable sample sizes to those used for LA-ICP-MS with the advantage of being non-destructive of the sample. Some of the drawbacks of µ-XRF are poorer sensitivity and precision, and longer analysis time.  
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1.1 This test method determines the change in length on drying of mortar bars containing hydraulic cement and graded standard sand.  
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SCOPE
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1.1.1 Type I, closed-cell polypropylene foam.  
1.2 These joint fillers are intended for use in concrete pavements in full-depth joints. There are several variations in size with typical thicknesses of 1/2 in. (12.7 mm), 3/4 in. (19.05 mm), and 1 in. (25.4 mm); typical widths of 31/2 in. (88.9 mm), 4 in. (101.6 mm), 5 in. (127 mm), 6 in. (152.5 mm), 7 in. (177.8 mm), 8 in. (203.2 mm), or 48 in. (1.2 m) sheet; and typical lengths of 5 ft (1.52 m) and 10 ft (3.05 m).  
1.3 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as the standard.  
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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  • Technical specification
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ASTM
ASTM F3337-23(Guide)
Standard Guide for Taking Property and Behavior Measurements on Weathered Fractions of Oil

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 A standard procedure is necessary to establish property changes for spilled oils or petroleum products at different oil weathering stages.  
5.2 This procedure employs standardized equipment, and test procedures.  
5.3 This procedure should be performed at the stages of weathering corresponding to the spill conditions of interest.
SCOPE
1.1 This guide summarizes methods to fractionate oil by evaporative weathering and then measure the properties and behavior of the weathered oil. The results of this guide can provide oil behavior data for input into oil spill models and response method selection.  
1.2 This guide covers general procedures for oil weathering and behavior and does not cover all possible procedures which may be applicable to this topic.  
1.3 The results obtained using this guide are intended to provide baseline data for the behavior of oil and petroleum products when spilled and input to oil spill models.  
1.4 The results obtained using this guide can be used directly to predict certain facets of oil spill behavior or as input to oil spill models.  
1.5 The accuracy of the guide depends very much on the representative nature of the oil sample used. Certain oils can have different properties depending on their chemical contents at the moment a sample is taken.  
1.6 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.  
1.7 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.8 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

  • Guide
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  • Guide
    4 pages
    English language
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