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ASTM D8351-22

(Test Method)

Standard Test Method for Determination of Trace Elements in Biodiesel and Biodiesel Blends by Microwave Plasma Atomic Emission Spectrometry (MP-AES)

Standard Test Method for Determination of Trace Elements in Biodiesel and Biodiesel Blends by Microwave Plasma Atomic Emission Spectrometry (MP-AES)

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 This test method covers the determination of five elements (Ca, Mg, K, Na, and P) in biodiesel and biodiesel blends.  
5.2 The presence of metals and metalloids in engine fuels can influence the performance of engines and contribute to shortening the lifetime of the equipment. In addition, some elements act as catalyst poison contributing to increases in the amount of unwanted gases and particulate matter emitted by vehicles.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the determination of elements in biodiesel and biodiesel blends by microwave plasma atomic emission spectrometry (MP-AES). The specific elements within the scope of this method are calcium (Ca), magnesium (Mg), phosphorus (P), potassium (K), and sodium (Na).  
1.2 This test method conforms to Practice D6300, subection 8.4.5, valid test result range, and subsection 8.4.6, working range specifications. The valid test result range and working range are recent additions to Practice D6300, and a graphical representation using example values is shown in Appendix X2, Test Method Operating Range.  
1.3 Method working range:    
high expected concentration limit = highest ILS sample mean  
low expected concentration limit = lowest ILS sample mean if:  
lowest ILS sample mean − Rlowest ILS sample mean > 0; otherwise it is
determined by solving for X using the following equation:  
X − RX = coarsest resolution, determined by 0.5*σr lowest ILS sample mean    
Biodiesel and Biodiesel Blends  
Element  
Method Working Range
(expected mg/kg)  
Calcium  
0.24 to 15.01  
Magnesium  
0.12 to 11.55  
Phosphorus  
1.69 to 14.24  
Potassium  
0.49 to 13.98  
Sodium  
0.90 to 14.30  
1.4 This test method uses organic elemental standards in organic solvents for calibration and does not purport to quantitatively determine insoluble particulates. Analytical results are particle size dependent, and particles larger than a few micrometers can cause results to appear low.  
1.5 Elements present at mass fractions above the upper limit of the calibration curves can be determined with additional appropriate dilutions. Elements shall be measured at the wavelengths presented in Table 1. Alternate wavelengths noted in Appendix X1 may be used in the rare case of spectral interference.  
1.6 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.  
1.7 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.8 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

General Information

Status
Published
Publication Date
30-Apr-2022
ICS
75.160.40 - Biofuels
Technical Committee
D02 - Petroleum Products, Liquid Fuels, and Lubricants
Drafting Committee
D02.03 - Elemental Analysis
Current Stage
Ref Project

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ASTM D8351-22 - Standard Test Method for Determination of Trace Elements in Biodiesel and Biodiesel Blends by Microwave Plasma Atomic Emission Spectrometry (MP-AES)ASTM D8351-22 - Standard Test Method for Determination of Trace Elements in Biodiesel and Biodiesel Blends by Microwave Plasma Atomic Emission Spectrometry (MP-AES)
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ASTM D8351-22 - Standard Test Method for Determination of Trace Elements in Biodiesel and Biodiesel Blends by Microwave Plasma Atomic Emission Spectrometry (MP-AES)
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This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
Designation: D8351 − 22
Standard Test Method for
Determination of Trace Elements in Biodiesel and Biodiesel
Blends by Microwave Plasma Atomic Emission
1
Spectrometry (MP-AES)
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D8351; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope 1.6 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as
standard. No other units of measurement are included in this
1.1 Thistestmethodcoversthedeterminationofelementsin
standard.
biodiesel and biodiesel blends by microwave plasma atomic
emission spectrometry (MP-AES). The specific elements
1.7 This standard does not purport to address all of the
within the scope of this method are calcium (Ca), magnesium
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
(Mg), phosphorus (P), potassium (K), and sodium (Na).
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
priate safety, health, and environmental practices and deter-
1.2 This test method conforms to Practice D6300, subection
mine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
8.4.5, valid test result range, and subsection 8.4.6, working
range specifications. The valid test result range and working
1.8 This international standard was developed in accor-
range are recent additions to Practice D6300, and a graphical
dance with internationally recognized principles on standard-
representation using example values is shown in Appendix X2,
ization established in the Decision on Principles for the
Test Method Operating Range.
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recom-
mendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical
1.3 Method working range:
Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
high expected concentration limit = highest ILS sample mean
low expected concentration limit = lowest ILS sample mean if:
lowest ILS sample mean − R > 0; otherwise it is
lowest ILS sample mean
2. Referenced Documents
determined by solving for X using the following equation:
X −R = coarsest resolution, determined by 0.5*σ 2
X r lowest ILS sample mean
2.1 ASTM Standards:
Biodiesel and Biodiesel Blends
D4057 Practice for Manual Sampling of Petroleum and
Method Working Range
Element
Petroleum Products
(expected mg/kg)
Calcium 0.24 to 15.01 D4177 Practice for Automatic Sampling of Petroleum and
Magnesium 0.12 to 11.55
Petroleum Products
Phosphorus 1.69 to 14.24
D4307 Practice for Preparation of Liquid Blends for Use as
Potassium 0.49 to 13.98
Sodium 0.90 to 14.30
Analytical Standards
D6299 Practice for Applying Statistical Quality Assurance
1.4 This test method uses organic elemental standards in
and Control Charting Techniques to Evaluate Analytical
organic solvents for calibration and does not purport to
Measurement System Performance
quantitatively determine insoluble particulates. Analytical re-
D6300 Practice for Determination of Precision and Bias
sults are particle size dependent, and particles larger than a few
Data for Use in Test Methods for Petroleum Products,
micrometers can cause results to appear low.
Liquid Fuels, and Lubricants
1.5 Elementspresentatmassfractionsabovetheupperlimit
D6792 Practice for Quality Management Systems in Petro-
of the calibration curves can be determined with additional
leum Products, Liquid Fuels, and Lubricants Testing
appropriate dilutions. Elements shall be measured at the
Laboratories
wavelengths presented inTable 1.Alternate wavelengths noted
D7372 Guide for Analysis and Interpretation of Proficiency
in Appendix X1 may be used in the rare case of spectral
Test Program Results
interference.
1
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D02 on
2
Petroleum Products, Liquid Fuels, and Lubricants and is the direct responsibility of For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
Subcommittee D02.03 on Elemental Analysis. contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
Current edition approved May 1, 2022. Published June 2022. DOI: 10.1520/ Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
D8351-22. the ASTM website.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1

---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
D8351 − 22
3
2.2 ISO Standards: 3.2.6 internal standard (IS), n—an element not present in
ISO 8573-1 Compressed air – Part 1: Contaminants and the sample which is added to
...

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SCOPE
1.1 This specification2 covers a group of general requirements that, unless otherwise specified in the purchase order or in an individual specification, shall apply to rolled steel plate, sheet, and strip, under each of the following specifications issued by ASTM: Specifications A240/A240M, A263, A264, A265, A666, A693, A793, and A895.  
1.2 In the case of conflict between a requirement of a product specification and a requirement of this specification, the product specification shall prevail. In the case of conflict between a requirement of the product specification or a requirement of this specification and a more stringent requirement of the purchase order, the purchase order shall prevail. The purchase order requirements shall not take precedence if they, in any way, violate the requirements of the product specification or this specification; for example, by waiving a test requirement or by making a test requirement less stringent.  
1.3 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The SI units are shown in brackets, except that when A480M is specified, Annex A3 shall apply for the dimensional tolerances and not the bracketed SI values in Annex A2. The values stated in each system are not necessarily exact equivalents; therefore, to ensure conformance with the standard, each system shall be used independently of the other, and values from the two systems shall not be combined.  
1.4 This specification and the applicable material specifications are expressed in both inch-pound and SI units. However, unless the order specifies the applicable “M” specification designation [SI units], the material shall be furnished in inch-pound units.  
1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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ASTM
ASTM E2552-23(Guide)
Standard Guide for Assessing the Environmental and Human Health Impacts of New Compounds for Military Use

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 The purpose of this guide is to provide a logical, tiered approach in the development of environmental health criteria coincident with level and effort in the research, development, testing, and evaluation of new materials for military use. Various levels of uncertainty are associated with data collected from previous stages. Following the recommendation in the guide should reduce the relative uncertainty of the data collected at each developmental stage. At each stage, a general weight of evidence qualifier shall accompany each exposure/effect relationship. They may be simple (for example, low, medium, or high confidence) or sophisticated using a numerical value for each predictor as a multiplier to ascertain relative confidence in each step of risk characterization. The specific method used will depend on the stage of development, quantity and availability of data, variation in the measurement, and general knowledge of the dataset. Since specific formulations, conditions, and use scenarios may not be known until the later stages, exposure estimates can be determined when practical (for example, Engineering and Manufacturing Development; see 6.6). Exposure data can then be used with other toxicological data collected from previous stages in a quantitative risk assessment to determine the relative degree of hazard.  
5.2 Data developed from the use of this guide are designed to be consistent with criteria required in weapons and weapons system development (for example, programmatic environment, safety and occupational health evaluations, environmental assessments/environmental impact statements, toxicity clearances, and technical data sheets).  
5.3 Information shall be evaluated in a flexible manner consistent with the needs of the authorizing program. This requires proper characterization of the current problem. For example, compounds may be ranked relative to the environmental criteria of the prospective alternatives, the replacement compound, and within bo...
SCOPE
1.1 This guide is intended to determine the relative environmental influence of new substances, consistent with the research and development (R&D) level of effort and is intended to be applied in a logical, tiered manner that parallels both the available funding and the stage of research, development, testing, and evaluation. Specifically, conservative assumptions, relationships, and models are recommended early in the research stage, and as the technology is matured, empirical data will be developed and used. Munition constituents are included and may include propellants, oxidizers, explosives, binders, stabilizers, metals, dyes, and other compounds used in the formulation to produce a desired effect. Munition systems range from projectiles, grenades, rockets/missiles, training simulators, to smokes and obscurants. Given the complexity of issues involved in the assessment of environmental fate and effects and the diversity of the systems used, this guide is broad in scope and not intended to address every factor that may be important in an environmental context. Rather, it is intended to reduce uncertainty at minimal cost by considering the most important factors related to human health and environmental impacts of energetic materials. This guide provides an outline for collecting data useful in a relative ranking procedure to provide the systems scientist with a sound basis for prospectively determining a selection of candidates based on environmental and human health criteria. The general principles in this guide are applicable to substances other than energetics if intended to be used in a similar manner with similar exposure profiles.  
1.2 The scope of this guide includes:  
1.2.1 Energetic and other new/novel materials and compositions in all stages of research, development, test and evaluation.  
1.2.2 Environmental assessment, including:
1.2.2.1 Human and ecological effects of the unexploded energetics and ...

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  • Guide
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