ASTM D5500-16
(Test Method)Standard Test Method for Vehicle Evaluation of Unleaded Automotive Spark-Ignition Engine Fuel for Intake Valve Deposit Formation
Standard Test Method for Vehicle Evaluation of Unleaded Automotive Spark-Ignition Engine Fuel for Intake Valve Deposit Formation
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 Test Method—It was determined through field testing that intake valve deposits could adversely affect the driveability of certain automobiles.7 Southwest Research Institute and BMW of North America (BMW NA) jointly conducted testing to develop this test method to determine an unleaded automotive spark-ignition engine fuel's propensity to form intake valve deposits. This testing concluded that if an automotive spark-ignition engine fuel could keep intake valve deposits at or below a certain average weight per valve at the end of mileage accumulation, then that automotive spark-ignition engine fuel could be used in the BMW vehicle-engine combination for a specified period without intake valve deposits causing driveability degradation. Minimizing intake valve deposits may be necessary to maintain vehicle driveability and tailpipe emissions control.
5.1.1 State and Federal Legislative and Regulatory Action—Legislative activity and rulemaking primarily by California Air Resources Board8 and the Environmental Protection Agency9 necessitate the acceptance of a standardized test method to evaluate the intake system deposit forming tendency of an automotive spark-ignition engine fuel.
5.1.2 Relevance of Results—The operating conditions and design of the engine and vehicle used in this test method are not representative of all modern automobiles. These factors shall be considered when interpreting test results.
5.2 Test Validity:
5.2.1 Procedural Compliance—The test results are not considered valid unless the test is completed in compliance with all requirements of this test method. Deviations from the parameter limits presented in Sections 10 and 11 will result in an invalid test. Engineering judgment shall be applied during conduct of the test method when assessing any anomalies to ensure validity of the test results.
5.2.2 Vehicle Compliance—A test is not considered valid unless the vehicle met the quality control inspection requirements as described in...
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers a vehicle test procedure for evaluation of intake valve deposit formation of unleaded spark-ignition engine fuels. This test method uses a 1985 model BMW 318i2 vehicle. Mileage is accumulated following a specified driving schedule on either public road or test track. This test method is adapted from the original BMW of North America/Southwest Research Institute Intake Valve Deposit test and maintains as much commonality as possible with the original test. Chassis dynamometers shall not be used for this test procedure as the BMW NA/SwRI IVD Test was not intended to be applicable to chassis dynamometers and no correlation between road operation and chassis dynamometers has been established.
Note 1: If there is any doubt as to the latest edition of Test Method D5500, contact ASTM International.
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard.
1.2.1 Exception—The values in parentheses are for information only.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. Specific statements on hazards are given throughout this test method.
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Designation: D5500 − 16
Standard Test Method for
Vehicle Evaluation of Unleaded Automotive Spark-Ignition
1
Engine Fuel for Intake Valve Deposit Formation
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D5500; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision.Anumber in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope* D235Specification for Mineral Spirits (Petroleum Spirits)
(Hydrocarbon Dry Cleaning Solvent)
1.1 This test method covers a vehicle test procedure for
2.2 ANSI Standard:
evaluation of intake valve deposit formation of unleaded
MC96.1AmericanNationalStandardforTemperatureMea-
spark-ignition engine fuels. This test method uses a 1985
4
2
surement Thermocouples
model BMW 318i vehicle. Mileage is accumulated following
a specified driving schedule on either public road or test track.
3. Terminology
This test method is adapted from the original BMW of North
America/Southwest Research Institute Intake Valve Deposit 3.1 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:
3.1.1 alternate mileage accumulation (AMA) driving cycle,
test and maintains as much commonality as possible with the
original test. Chassis dynamometers shall not be used for this n—a driving schedule that is based on the U.S. Environmental
Protection Agency Durability Driving Schedule, which con-
test procedure as the BMW NA/SwRI IVD Test was not
intended to be applicable to chassis dynamometers and no tains various driving patterns for durability testing of emission
5
control systems.
correlation between road operation and chassis dynamometers
has been established.
3.1.2 base fuel, n—unleaded automotive spark-ignition en-
gine fuel that does not contain a deposit control additive, but
NOTE 1—If there is any doubt as to the latest edition of Test Method
D5500, contact ASTM International. may contain antioxidants, corrosion inhibitors, metal
deactivators, and oxygenates.
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as
standard. 3.1.3 deposit control additive, n—materialaddedtothebase
fuel to prevent or remove deposits in the entire engine intake
1.2.1 Exception—Thevaluesinparenthesesareforinforma-
system.
tion only.
3.1.3.1 Discussion—Forthepurposeofthistestmethod,the
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the
performance evaluation of a deposit control additive is limited
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
to the tulip area of intake valves.
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
3.1.4 driveability, n—the quality of a vehicle’s performance
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.Specificstatements characteristics as perceived by the operator in response to
changes in throttle position.
on hazards are given throughout this test method.
3.1.4.1 Discussion—The performance characteristics may
2. Referenced Documents include cold starting and warm-up, acceleration, vapor lock,
3
and hot starting.
2.1 ASTM Standards:
3.1.5 intake system, n—components of the engine whose
function it is to prepare and deliver an air/fuel mixture to the
1 combustion chamber and includes the throttle, intake manifold
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D02 on
Petroleum Products, Liquid Fuels, and Lubricants and is the direct responsibility of
hot spot and runners, exhaust gas recirculation (EGR) and
Subcommittee D02.A0.01 on Gasoline and Gasoline-Oxygenate Blends.
positive crankcase ventilation (PCV) ports, cylinder head
Current edition approved Jan. 1, 2016. Published February 2016. Originally
runners and ports, intake valves, and fuel injectors.
approved in 1994. Last previous edition approved in 2014 as D5500–98(2014).
DOI: 10.1520/D5500-16.
3.1.6 intake valve deposit, n—material accumulated on the
2
OriginallyobtainedfromBMWNAnewcardealershipsintheUnitedStatesas
tulip area of the intake valve, generally composed of carbon,
a 1985 model year vehicle, the vehicle is currently available through the used
vehicle market.
3
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
4
contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM Available fromAmerican National Standards Institute (ANSI), 25 W. 43rd St.,
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on 4th Floor, New York, NY 10036, http://www.ansi.org.
5
the ASTM website. Code of Federal Regulations, Title 40, Part 86, Appendix IV.
*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1
--------------
...
This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
Designation: D5500 − 98 (Reapproved 2014) D5500 − 16
Standard Test Method for
Vehicle Evaluation of Unleaded Automotive Spark-Ignition
1
Engine Fuel for Intake Valve Deposit Formation
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D5500; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope Scope*
1.1 This test method covers a vehicle test procedure for evaluation of intake valve deposit formation of unleaded spark-ignition
2
engine fuels. This test method uses a 1985 model BMW 318i vehicle. Mileage is accumulated following a specified driving
schedule on either public road or test track. This test method is adapted from the original BMW of North America/Southwest
Research Institute Intake Valve Deposit test and maintains as much commonality as possible with the original test. Chassis
dynamometers shall not be used for this test procedure as the BMW NA/SwRI IVD Test was not intended to be applicable to
chassis dynamometers and no correlation between road operation and chassis dynamometers has been established.
NOTE 1—If there is any doubt as to the latest edition of Test Method D5500, contact ASTM International.
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. The values in parentheses are for information only.
1.2.1 Exception—The values in parentheses are for information only.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility
of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory
limitations prior to use. Specific statements on hazards are given throughout this test method.
2. Referenced Documents
3
2.1 ASTM Standards:
D235 Specification for Mineral Spirits (Petroleum Spirits) (Hydrocarbon Dry Cleaning Solvent)
2.2 ANSI Standard:
4
MC 96.1 American National Standard for Temperature Measurement Thermocouples
3. Terminology
3.1 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:
3.1.1 alternate mileage accumulation (AMA) driving cycle, n—a driving schedule that is based on the U.S. Environmental
Protection Agency Durability Driving Schedule, which contains various driving patterns for durability testing of emission control
5
systems.
3.1.2 base fuel, n—unleaded automotive spark-ignition engine fuel that does not contain a deposit control additive, but may
contain antioxidants, corrosion inhibitors, metal deactivators, and oxygenates.
3.1.3 deposit control additive, n—material added to the base fuel to prevent or remove deposits in the entire engine intake
system.
1
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D02 on Petroleum Products, Liquid Fuels, and Lubricants and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee
D02.A0.01 on Gasoline and Gasoline-Oxygenate Blends.
Current edition approved Oct. 1, 2014Jan. 1, 2016. Published November 2014February 2016. Originally approved in 1994. Last previous edition approved in 20082014
as D5500 – 98(2008).(2014). DOI: 10.1520/D5500-98R14.10.1520/D5500-16.
2
Originally obtained from BMW NA new car dealerships in the United States as a 1985 model year vehicle, the vehicle is currently available through the used vehicle
market.
3
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM Standards
volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on the ASTM website.
4
Available from American National Standards Institute (ANSI), 25 W. 43rd St., 4th Floor, New York, NY 10036, http://www.ansi.org.
5
Code of Federal Regulations, Title 40, Part 86, Appendix IV.
3.1.3.1 Discussion—
*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1
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D5500 − 16
For the purpose of this test method, the performance evaluation of a deposit control additive is limited to the tulip area of intake
valves.
3.1.4 driveability, n—the quality of a vehicle’s performance characteristics as perceived by the operator in response to changes
in throttle position.
3.1.4.1 Discussion—
The performance characteristics may include cold starting and warm-up, accele
...
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