ASTM D1401-98
(Test Method)Standard Test Method for Water Separability of Petroleum Oils and Synthetic Fluids
Standard Test Method for Water Separability of Petroleum Oils and Synthetic Fluids
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers measurement of the ability of petroleum oils or synthetic fluids to separate from water.
Note 1-Although developed specifically for steam-turbine oils having viscosities of 28.8-90 cSt (mm /s) at 40°C, this test method can be used to test oils of other types having various viscosities and synthetic fluids. It is recommended, however, that the test temperature be raised to 82 + 1°C when testing products more viscous than 90cSt (mm /s) at 40°C. For higher viscosity oils where there is insufficient mixing of oil and water, Test Method D 2711, is recommended. Other test temperatures such as 25°C can also be used. When testing synthetic fluids whose relative densities are greater than that of water, the procedure is unchanged, but it should be noted that the water will probably float on the emulsion or liquid.
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. For specific precautionary statements, see 6.3, 8.1, and Note 2.
General Information
Relations
Standards Content (Sample)
NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or
withdrawn. Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information.
Designation: D 1401 – 98 An American National Standard
AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR TESTING AND MATERIALS
100 Barr Harbor Dr., West Conshohocken, PA 19428
Reprinted from the Annual Book of ASTM Standards. Copyright ASTM
Standard Test Method for
1
Water Separability of Petroleum Oils and Synthetic Fluids
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D 1401; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the Department of Defense.
1. Scope 3. Summary of Test Method
1.1 This test method covers measurement of the ability of 3.1 A 40-mL sample and 40 mL of distilled water (Note 3)
petroleum oils or synthetic fluids to separate from water. are stirred for 5 min at 54°C (Note 1) in a graduated cylinder.
The time required for the separation of the emulsion thus
NOTE 1—Although developed specifically for steam-turbine oils having
2 formed is recorded. If complete separation or emulsion reduc-
viscosities of 28.8–90 cSt (mm /s) at 40°C, this test method can be used
tion to 3 mL or less does not occur after standing for 30 min,
to test oils of other types having various viscosities and synthetic fluids. It
the volumes of oil (or fluid), water, and emulsion remaining at
is recommended, however, that the test temperature be raised to 82 6 1°C
2
when testing products more viscous than 90 cSt (mm /s) at 40°C. For
the time are reported.
higher viscosity oils where there is insufficient mixing of oil and water,
Test Method D 2711, is recommended.
4. Significance and Use
Other test temperatures such as 25°C can also be used.
4.1 This test method provides a guide for determining the
When testing synthetic fluids whose relative densities are greater than
water separation characteristics of oils subject to water con-
that of water, the procedure is unchanged, but it should be noted that the
tamination and turbulence. It is used for specification of new
water will probably float on the emulsion or liquid.
oils and monitoring of in-service oils.
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the
standard. The values given in parentheses are for information
5. Apparatus
only.
5.1 Cylinder, 100-mL, graduated from 5 to 100 mL in
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the
6
1.0-mL divisions, made of glass, heat-resistant glass, or a
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
chemical equivalent. The inside diameter shall be no less than
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
27 mm and no more than 30 mm throughout its length,
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
measured from the top to a point 6 mm from the bottom of the
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use. For specific
cylinder. The overall height of the cylinder shall be 225 to 260
precautionary statements, see 6.3, 8.1.
mm. The graduation shall not be in error by more than 1 mL at
any point on the scale.
2. Referenced Documents
5.2 Heating Bath, sufficiently large and deep to permit the
2.1 ASTM Standards:
immersion of at least two test cylinders in the bath liquid up to
D 665 Test Method for Rust-Preventing Characteristics of
their 85-mL graduations. The bath shall be capable of being
2
Inhibited Mineral Oil in the Presence of Water
maintained at a temperature of 54 6 1°C (Note 1), and shall be
3
D 1141 Specification for Substitute Ocean Water
fitted with clamps which hold the cylinder in a position so that
4
D 1193 Specification for Reagent Water
the longitudinal axis of the paddle corresponds to the vertical
D 2711 Test Method for Demulsibility Characteristics of
center line of the cylinder during the stirring operation. The
5
Lubricating Oils
clamps shall hold the cylinder securely while its contents are
D 4057 Practice for Manual Sampling of Petroleum and
being stirred.
5
Petroleum Products
5.3 Stirring Paddle, made of chromium-plated or stainless
steel and conforming to the following dimensions:
3 1
Length, mm (in.) 120 6 1.5 (4 ⁄46 ⁄16)
3 1
Width, mm (in.) 19 6 0.5 ( ⁄46 ⁄64)
1
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D-2 on
1
Thickness, mm (in.) 1.5 ( ⁄16)
Petroleum Products and Lubricantsand is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee
D02.C0.02on Corrosion and Water/Air Separability.
It is mounted on a vertical shaft of similar metal, approxi-
Current edition approved July 10, 1998. Published October 1998. Originally
mately 6 mm (¼ in.) in diameter, connected to a drive
published as D 1401 – 64. Last previous edition D 1401 – 96.
2
mechanism which rotates the paddle on its longitudinal axis at
Annual
...
Questions, Comments and Discussion
Ask us and Technical Secretary will try to provide an answer. You can facilitate discussion about the standard in here.