ASTM C27-98(2002)

Standard Classification of Fireclay and High-Alumina Refractory Brick

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
Alumina-silica refractory brick is produced from various combinations of alumina and silica-containing materials. These bricks can vary in chemical composition from almost 100 % alumina and little silica to almost 100 % silica and little alumina. It is therefore useful to establish a classification scheme based on physical properties and chemical analysis. One group, fireclay brick, is classified based on physical properties since some overlap of alumina and silica content can occur. A second group, high-alumina brick, is classified primarily based on alumina content. The classification allows those familiar with refractory materials to group similar products from various suppliers in a standard and consistent manner.
SCOPE
1.1 This classification covers machine-made fireclay and high-alumina refractory brick, and its purpose is to set forth the various classes and types of these materials in accordance with their normal and characteristic properties, which are important in their use.

General Information

• Status: Historical
• Publication Date: 09-Sep-1997
• ICS: 81.080 - Refractories
• Technical Committee: C08 - Refractories
• Drafting Committee: C08.92 - The Joseph E. Kopanda Subcommittee for Editorial, Terminology and Classification

Relations

• Replaces: ASTM C27-98 - Standard Classification of Fireclay and High-Alumina Refractory Brick
• Effective Date: 10-Sep-1997
• Replaced By: ASTM C27-98(2008) - Standard Classification of Fireclay and High-Alumina Refractory Brick
• Effective Date: 01-Aug-2008
• Referred By: ASTM C1655-06(2022) - Standard Classification of Fireclay and High-Alumina Mortars
• Effective Date: 10-Sep-1997
• Referred By: ASTM C1283-15(2021) - Standard Practice for Installing Clay Flue Lining
• Effective Date: 10-Sep-1997
• Referred By: ASTM F1097-17(2022) - Standard Specification for Mortar, Refractory (High-Temperature, Air-Setting)
• Effective Date: 10-Sep-1997

Standards Content (Sample)

NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information
Designation: C 27 – 98 (Reapproved 2002)
Standard Classification of
Fireclay and High-Alumina Refractory Brick
ThisstandardisissuedunderthefixeddesignationC27;thenumberimmediatelyfollowingthedesignationindicatestheyearoforiginal
adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision.Anumber in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.Asuperscript
epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the Department of Defense.
1. Scope occur.Asecond group, high-alumina brick, is classified prima-
rily based on alumina content. The classification allows those
1.1 This classification covers machine-made fireclay and
familiar with refractory materials to group similar products
high-alumina refractory brick, and its purpose is to set forth the
from various suppliers in a standard and consistent manner.
various classes and types of these materials in accordance with
their normal and characteristic properties, which are important
4. Basis of Classification
in their use.
4.1 Fireclay Brick are divided into five different classes:
2. Referenced Documents 4.1.1 Super-duty,
4.1.2 High-duty,
2.1 ASTM Standards:
4.1.3 Semi-silica,
C 16 Test Method for Load Testing Refractory Brick at
2 4.1.4 Medium-duty, and
High Temperatures
4.1.5 Low-duty.
C 24 Test Method for Pyrometric Cone Equivalent (PCE) of
4.2 Thesuper-andhigh-dutyclassesaredividedfurtherinto
Fireclay and High-Alumina Refractory Materials
three types under each class.
C 113 Test Method for Reheat Change of Refractory Brick
4.3 High-Alumina Brick are divided into seven different
C 133 Test Methods for Cold Crushing Strength and Modu-
classes by percent alumina:
lus of Rupture of Refractories
4.3.1 50,
C 134 Test Methods for Size, Dimensional Measurements,
4.3.2 60,
and Bulk Density of Refractory Brick and Insulating
4.3.3 70,
Firebrick
4.3.4 80,
NOTE 1—Chemical analysis of refractory products is determined by a
4.3.5 85,
combination of x-ray fluorescence (XRF) and inductively coupled plasma
4.3.6 90, and
(ICP) using standard reference materials (SRM), including various types
4.3.7 99.
of minerals and refractory materials that are available from the National
Institute of Standards and Technology and other appropriate sources.
5. Properties
3. Significance and Use
5.1 The properties required for compliance with a class or
type are shown in Table 1.
3.1 Alumina-silica refractory brick is produced from vari-
ous combinations of alumina and silica-containing materials.
6. Test Specimens
These bricks can vary in chemical composition from almost
6.1 Testing for compliance with this classification shall be
100 % alumina and little silica to almost 100 % silica and little
1 1
performed on 9 by 4 ⁄2 by 2 ⁄2 or 3-in. (228 by 114 by 64 or
alumina. It is therefore useful to establish a classification
76-mm) rectangular brick as made, or on specimens of either
scheme based on physical properties and chemical analysis.
size cut from larger units having dimensions not more than 3
One group, fireclay brick, is classified based on physical
3 1
in. (76 mm) in thickness, 6 ⁄4 in. (171 mm) in width, and 13 ⁄2
propertiessincesomeoverlapofaluminaandsilicacontentcan
in. (342 mm) in length.
This classification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee C08 on 7. Test Methods
Refractories and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee C08.92 on The Joseph
7.1 The properties enumerated in this classification shall be
E. Kopanda Subcommittee for Editorial, Terminology, and Classification.
determined in accordance with the following ASTM test
Current edition approved Sept 10, 1997. Published No
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