ASTM C27-98(2008)

Standard Classification of Fireclay and High-Alumina Refractory Brick

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
Alumina-silica refractory brick is produced from various combinations of alumina and silica-containing materials. These bricks can vary in chemical composition from almost 100 % alumina and little silica to almost 100 % silica and little alumina. It is therefore useful to establish a classification scheme based on physical properties and chemical analysis. One group, fireclay brick, is classified based on physical properties since some overlap of alumina and silica content can occur. A second group, high-alumina brick, is classified primarily based on alumina content. The classification allows those familiar with refractory materials to group similar products from various suppliers in a standard and consistent manner.
SCOPE
1.1 This classification covers machine-made fireclay and high-alumina refractory brick, and its purpose is to set forth the various classes and types of these materials in accordance with their normal and characteristic properties, which are important in their use.  
1.2 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.

General Information

• Status: Historical
• Publication Date: 31-Jul-2008
• ICS: 81.080 - Refractories
• Technical Committee: C08 - Refractories
• Drafting Committee: C08.92 - The Joseph E. Kopanda Subcommittee for Editorial, Terminology and Classification

Relations

• Replaces: ASTM C27-98(2002) - Standard Classification of Fireclay and High-Alumina Refractory Brick
• Effective Date: 01-Aug-2008
• Replaced By: ASTM C27-98(2013) - Standard Classification of Fireclay and High-Alumina Refractory Brick
• Effective Date: 01-Sep-2013
• Referred By: ASTM C1283-15(2021) - Standard Practice for Installing Clay Flue Lining
• Effective Date: 01-Aug-2008
• Referred By: ASTM C1655-06(2022) - Standard Classification of Fireclay and High-Alumina Mortars
• Effective Date: 01-Aug-2008
• Referred By: ASTM F1097-17(2022) - Standard Specification for Mortar, Refractory (High-Temperature, Air-Setting)
• Effective Date: 01-Aug-2008

Standards Content (Sample)

NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information
Designation:C27 −98(Reapproved 2008)
Standard Classification of
Fireclay and High-Alumina Refractory Brick
This standard is issued under the fixed designation C27; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of original
adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision.Anumber in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.Asuperscript
epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the Department of Defense.
1. Scope These bricks can vary in chemical composition from almost
100 % alumina and little silica to almost 100 % silica and little
1.1 This classification covers machine-made fireclay and
alumina. It is therefore useful to establish a classification
high-alumina refractory brick, and its purpose is to set forth the
scheme based on physical properties and chemical analysis.
various classes and types of these materials in accordance with
One group, fireclay brick, is classified based on physical
their normal and characteristic properties, which are important
properties since some overlap of alumina and silica content can
in their use.
occur. A second group, high-alumina brick, is classified pri-
1.2 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded
marily based on alumina content. The classification allows
as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical
those familiar with refractory materials to group similar
conversions to SI units that are provided for information only
products from various suppliers in a standard and consistent
and are not considered standard.
manner.
2. Referenced Documents
4. Basis of Classification
2.1 ASTM Standards:
4.1 Fireclay Brick are divided into five different classes:
C16 Test Method for Load Testing Refractory Shapes at
4.1.1 Super-duty,
High Temperatures
4.1.2 High-duty,
C24 Test Method for Pyrometric Cone Equivalent (PCE) of
4.1.3 Semi-silica,
Fireclay and High Alumina Refractory Materials
4.1.4 Medium-duty, and
C113 Test Method for Reheat Change of Refractory Brick
4.1.5 Low-duty.
C133 Test Methods for Cold Crushing Strength and Modu-
4.2 Thesuper-andhigh-dutyclassesaredividedfurtherinto
lus of Rupture of Refractories
three types under each class.
C134 Test Methods for Size, Dimensional Measurements,
and Bulk Density of Refractory Brick and Insulating
4.3 High-Alumina Brick are divided into seven different
Firebrick
classes by percent alumina:
4.3.1 50,
NOTE 1—Chemical analysis of refractory products is determined by a
4.3.2 60,
combination of x-ray fluorescence (XRF) and inductively coupled plasma
(ICP) using standard reference materials (SRM), including various types
4.3.3 70,
of minerals and refractory materials that are available from the National
4.3.4 80,
Institute of Standards and Technology and other appropriate sources.
4.3.5 85,
4.3.6 90, and
3. Significance and Use
4.3.7 99.
3.1 Alumina-silica refractory brick is produced from vari-
ous combinations of alumina and silica-containing materials.
5. Properties
5.1 The properties required for compliance with a class or
This classification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee C08 on
type are shown in Table 1.
Refractories and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee C08.92 on The Joseph
E. Kopanda Subcommittee for Editorial, Terminology and Classification.
6. Test Specimens
Current edition approved Aug. 1, 2008. Published September 2008. Originally
approved in 1958. Last previous edition approved in 2002 as C 27 – 98 (2002).
6.1 Testing for compliance with this classification shall be
DOI: 10.1520/C0027-98R08.
1 1
performed on 9 by 4 ⁄2 by 2 ⁄2 or 3-in. (228 by 114 by 64 or
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
contact ASTM Customer Service at [e-mail]. For Annual Book of ASTM
76-mm) rectangular brick as made, or on specimens of either
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary pa
...

This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
Designation: C 27 – 98 (Reapproved 2002)2008)
Standard Classification of
Fireclay and High-Alumina Refractory Brick
ThisstandardisissuedunderthefixeddesignationC27;thenumberimmediatelyfollowingthedesignationindicatestheyearoforiginal
adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision.Anumber in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.Asuperscript
epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the Department of Defense.
1. Scope
1.1 Thisclassificationcoversmachine-madefireclayandhigh-aluminarefractorybrick,anditspurposeistosetforththevarious
classes and types of these materials in accordance with their normal and characteristic properties, which are important in their use.
1.2 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical
conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.
2. Referenced Documents
2.1 ASTM Standards:
C16 Test Method for Load Testing Refractory BrickShapes at High Temperatures
C24 Test Method for Pyrometric Cone Equivalent (PCE) of Fireclay and High- Alumina Refractory Materials
C113 Test Method for Reheat Change of Refractory Brick
C 133 Test Methods for Cold Crushing Strength and Modulus of Rupture of Refractories
C 134 Test Methods for Size, Dimensional Measurements, and Bulk Density of Refractory Brick and Insulating Firebrick
NOTE 1—Chemical analysis of refractory products is determined by a combination of x-ray fluorescence (XRF) and inductively coupled plasma (ICP)
using standard reference materials (SRM), including various types of minerals and refractory materials that are available from the National Institute of
Standards and Technology and other appropriate sources.
3. Significance and Use
3.1 Alumina-silica refractory brick is produced from various combinations of alumina and silica-containing materials. These
bricks can vary in chemical composition from almost 100 % alumina and little silica to almost 100 % silica and little alumina. It
is therefore useful to establish a classification scheme based on physical properties and chemical analysis. One group, fireclay
brick, is classified based on physical properties since some overlap of alumina and silica content can occur. A second group,
high-alumina brick, is classified primarily based on alumina content. The classification allows those familiar with refractory
materials to group similar products from various suppliers in a standard and consistent manner.
4. Basis of Classification
4.1 Fireclay Brick are divided into five different classes:
4.1.1 Super-duty,
4.1.2 High-duty,
4.1.3 Semi-silica,
4.1.4 Medium-duty, and
4.1.5 Low-duty.
4.2 The super- and high-duty classes are divided further into three types under each class.
4.3 High-Alumina Brick are divided into seven different classes by percent alumina:
4.3.1 50,
4.3.2 60,
4.3.3 70,
This classification is under the jurisdiction ofASTM Committee C08 on Refractories and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee C08.92 on The Joseph E. Kopanda
Subcommittee for Editorial, Terminology, and Classification .
Current edition approved Sept 10, 1997. Published November 1998. Originally published as C 27–58. Last previous C 27–97.on The Joseph E. Kopanda Subcommittee
for Editorial, Terminology and Classification.
Current edition approved Aug. 1, 2008. Published September 2008. Originally approved in 1958. Last previous edition approved in 2002 as C 27 – 98 (2002).
For referencedASTM standards, visit theASTM website, www.astm.org, or contactASTM Customer Service at [e-mail]. For Annual Book ofASTM Standards
, Vol 15.01.volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on the ASTM website.
Available from the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST), Gaithersburg, MD
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