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ASTM D5047-95

(Specification)

Standard Specification for Polyethylene Terephthalate Film and Sheeting

Standard Specification for Polyethylene Terephthalate Film and Sheeting

SCOPE
1.1 This specification covers requirements for biaxially oriented polyethylene terephthalate film and sheeting in thicknesses from 1.5 [mu]m (0.06 mil) to 35.5 [mu]m (14.0 mil). For this specification polyethylene terephthalate film and sheeting shall be defined as the material derived from terephthalate acid and ethylene glycol and shall consist of at least 90% polyethylene terephthalate homopolymer. This specification does not apply to coated, coextruded, tinted, pigmented, or metallized film or sheeting.
1.2 Polyethylene terephthalate materials, being thermoplastic, are reprocessable and recyclable.  This specification allows for the use of those polyethylene terephthalate plastic materials, provided that any specific requirements as governed by the producer and end user are met.
1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only. Note-There is no similar or equivalent ISO standard.

General Information

Status
Historical
Publication Date
31-Dec-1994
ICS
83.140.10 - Films and sheets
Technical Committee
D20 - Plastics
Drafting Committee
D20.19 - Film, Sheeting, and Molded Products
Current Stage
Ref Project

Relations

Replaced By
ASTM D5047-95(2003) - Standard Specification for Polyethylene Terephthalate Film and Sheeting
Effective Date
01-Dec-2003
Referred By
ASTM D8195-18 - Standard Classification System and Basis for Specification for Polyethylene Terephthalate Film and Sheeting
Effective Date
01-Jan-1995

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ASTM D5047-95 - Standard Specification for Polyethylene Terephthalate Film and SheetingASTM D5047-95 - Standard Specification for Polyethylene Terephthalate Film and Sheeting
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ASTM D5047-95 - Standard Specification for Polyethylene Terephthalate Film and Sheeting
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NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information
Designation: D 5047 – 95
Standard Specification for
Polyethylene Terephthalate Film and Sheeting
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D 5047; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope D 882 Test Methods for Tensile Properties of Thin Plastic
Sheeting
1.1 This specification covers requirements for biaxially
D 883 Terminology Relating to Plastics
oriented polyethylene terephthalate film and sheeting in thick-
D 1004 Test Method for Initial Tear Resistance of Plastic
nesses from 1.5 μm (0.06 mil) to 35.5 μm (14.0 mil). For this
Film and Sheeting
specification polyethylene terephthalate film and sheeting shall
D 1505 Test Method for Density of Plastics by the Density-
be defined as the material derived from terephthalate acid and
Gradient Technique
ethylene glycol and shall consist of at least 90 % polyethylene
D 1894 Test Method for Static and Kinetic Coefficients of
terephthalate homopolymer. This specification does not apply
Friction of Plastic Film and Sheeting
to coated, coextruded, tinted, pigmented, or metallized film or
D 1898 Practice for Sampling of Plastics
sheeting.
D 1922 Test Method for Propagation Tear Resistance of
1.2 Polyethylene terephthalate materials, being thermoplas-
2 Plastic Film and Thin Sheeting by Pendulum Method
tic, are reprocessable and recyclable. This specification allows
D 2176 Test Method for Folding Endurance of Paper by the
for the use of those polyethylene terephthalate plastic materi-
M.I.T. Tester
als, provided that any specific requirements as governed by the
D 2275 Test Method for Voltage Endurance of Solid Elec-
producer and end user are met.
trical Insulating Materials Subjected to Partial Discharges
1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the
(Corona) on the Surface
standard. The values given in parentheses are for information
D 2305 Test Methods for Testing Polymeric Films Used for
only.
Electrical Insulation
NOTE 1—There is no similar or equivalent ISO standard.
D 3417 Test Method for Heats of Fusion and Crystallization
of Polymers by Thermal Analysis
2. Referenced Documents
D 3892 Practice for Packaging/Packing of Plastics
2.1 ASTM Standards:
D 3985 Test Method for Oxygen Gas Transmission Rate
D 149 Test Method for Dielectric Breakdown Voltage and
Through Plastic Film and Sheeting Using a Coulometric
Dielectric Strength of Solid Electrical Insulating Materials
Sensor
at Commercial Power Frequencies
D 5033 Guide for the Development of Standards Relating to
D 150 Test Methods for A-C Loss Characteristics and
the Proper Use of Recycled Plastics
Permittivity (Dielectric Constant) of Solid Electrical Insu-
E 96 Test Methods for Water Vapor Transmission of Mate-
lating Materials
rials
D 257 Test Methods for D-C Resistance or Conductance of
Insulating Materials
3. Terminology
D 374 Test Methods for Thickness of Solid Electrical Insu-
3.1 Definitions—Unless otherwise indicated, the terminol-
lation
ogy used in this specification is in accordance with Terminol-
D 774 Test Method for Bursting Strength of Paper
ogy D 883.
3.2 Description of Term Specific to This Standard:
3.2.1 polyethylene terephthalate film and sheeting—
This specification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D-20 on
material derived from terephthalate acid and ethylene glycol
Plastics and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D20.19 on Film and
and consisting of at least 90 % polyethylene terephthalate
Sheeting.
Current edition approved Oct. 10, 1995. Published December 1995. Originally homopolymer.
published as D 5047 – 90. Last previous edition D 5047 – 90.
This revision includes the additional ISO equivalency statement, reference to
recycled materials, and the addition of a keywords section. Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 08.01.
2 6
See Guide D 5033 for information and definitions related to recycled plastics. Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 08.02.
3 7
Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 10.01. Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 08.03.
4 8
Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 15.09. Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 04.06.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.
D 5047
4. Ordering Information 6.5 Workmanship—Quality of film or sheet with regard to
gels, streaks, pinholes, particles of foreign matter, undispersed
4.1 Users should select the preferred options permitted
raw materials, holes, tears, and blisters shall be mutually
herein and include the following information in the purchase
established by the purchaser and the seller.
contract:
4.1.1 Title, number,
...

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1.1 This specification covers the classification of polyethylene film up to 0.254 mm (0.010 in.) in thickness, inclusive. The film can contain additives for the improvement of the surface properties, pigments, or stabilizers, or combinations thereof.
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Note 2: There is no known ISO equivalent to this standard.  
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ASTM D5047-17(2023)(Specification)
Standard Specification for Polyethylene Terephthalate Film and Sheeting

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This specification establishes the dimensional (length and width, thickness, and weight) requirements for biaxially oriented polyethylene terephthalate film and sheeting, both virgin and recycled. For this specification, polyethylene terephthalate film and sheeting shall be defined as the material derived from terephthalic acid and ethylene glycol and shall consist of at least 90 % polyethylene terephthalate homopolymer. The film or sheeting shall be furnished flat or in rolls in the dimensions specified. This specification does not apply to coated, coextruded, tinted, pigmented, or metallized film or sheeting.
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1.1 This specification covers requirements for biaxially oriented polyethylene terephthalate film and sheeting in thicknesses from 1.5 μm (0.06 mil) to 355 μm (14.0 mil). For this specification, polyethylene terephthalate film and sheeting shall be defined as the material derived from terephthalic acid and ethylene glycol and shall consist of at least 90 % polyethylene terephthalate homopolymer. This specification does not apply to coated, coextruded, tinted, pigmented, or metallized film or sheeting.  
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1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only.
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Note 2: Film is defined as sheeting having a thickness of ≤250 microns (0.010 in.).  
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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ASTM D4204-16(2023)(Practice)
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SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 This practice is intended to assist task groups participating in a round-robin study with the preparation of test sets of film specimens from film samples in the form of rolls on a core.  
4.2 This practice assumes that the essential features of the round-robin protocol have already been established by following the guidance of Practice E691. In particular, it is assumed that the following are known: (1) the number of film samples to be used, (2) the number of participating laboratories, (3) the number of replicate test results to be generated by each laboratory for each sample, and (4) the number of test specimens required to yield one test result for each sample.  
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SCOPE
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1.3 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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ASTM D4397-16(2023)(Specification)
Standard Specification for Polyethylene Sheeting for Construction, Industrial, and Agricultural Applications

ABSTRACT
This specification covers polyethylene sheeting with a determined thickness intended for construction, industrial and agricultural applications. The sheeting shall be made from polyethylene or modified polyethylene, such as an ethylene copolymer consisting of a major portion of ethylene in combination with a minor portion of some other monomer, or a mixture of polyethylene with a lesser amount of other polymers. General requirements for the material are also observed according to their appearance, dimensions in size and tolerance and minimum net weight. The sheeting may be natural, color-tinted, translucent or opaque. The tests given are intended primarily for use as production tests in conjunction with manufacturing processes and inspection methods to insure conformity of sheeting with the requirements of this specification. These tests shall be done in order to determine the following properties: thickness, length and width, weight, impact resistance, tensile properties, reflectance, luminous transmittance, water vapor transmission, and heat sealability.
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Note 1: There is no known ISO equivalent to this standard.  
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ASTM D4272/D4272M-23(Test Method)
Standard Test Method for Total Energy Impact of Plastic Films by Dart Drop

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 Evaluation of the impact toughness of film is important in predicting the performance of a material in applications such as packaging, construction, and other uses. The test simulates the action encountered in applications where moderate-velocity blunt impacts occur in relatively small areas of film.  
5.2 The values obtained by this test method are highly dependent on the method and conditions of film fabrication as well as the type and grade of resin.  
5.3 Test methods employing different missile velocities, impinging surface diameters, or effective specimen diameters will most likely produce different results. Data obtained by this test method cannot necessarily be compared directly with those obtained by other test methods.  
5.4 The impact resistance of a film, while partly dependent on thickness, does not have a simple correlation with sample thickness. Hence, impact values expressed in joules [ft·lbf] normalized over a range of thickness will not necessarily be linear with thickness. Data from this test method are comparable only for specimens that vary by no more than ±15 % from the nominal or average thickness of the specimens tested.  
5.5 The test results obtained by this test method are greatly influenced by the quality of film under test. The influence of variability of data obtained by this procedure will, therefore, depend strongly on the sample quality, uniformity of film thickness, the presence of die marks, contaminants, etc.  
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1.1 This test method describes the determination of the total energy impact of plastic films by measuring the kinetic energy lost by a free-falling dart that passes through the film.  
1.2 Units—The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other. Combining values from the two systems may result in non-conformance with the standard  
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
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FIG. 1 Elements of an Instrumented Dart Drop System
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ASTM D1746-23(Test Method)
Standard Test Method for Transparency of Plastic Sheeting

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 The attribute of clarity of a sheet, measured by its ability to transmit image-forming light, correlates with its regular transmittance. Sensitivity to differences improves with decreasing incident beam- and receptor-angle. If the angular width of the incident beam and of the receptor aperture (as seen from the specimen position) are of the order of 0.1° or less, sheeting of commercial interest have a range of transparency of about 10 to 90 % as measured by this test. Results obtained by the use of this test method are greatly influenced by the design parameters of the instruments; for example, the resolution is largely determined by the angular width of the receptor aperture. Caution should therefore be exercised in comparing results obtained from different instruments, especially for samples with low regular transmittance.  
4.2 Regular transmittance data in accordance with this test method correlate with the property commonly known as “see-through,” which is rated subjectively by the effect of a hand-held specimen on an observer's ability to distinguish clearly a relatively distant target. This correlation is poor for highly diffusing materials because of interference of scattered light in the visual test.
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1.1 This test method covers the measurement of the transparency of plastic sheeting in terms of regular transmittance (Tr). Although generally applicable to any translucent or transparent material, it is principally intended for use with nominally clear and colorless thin sheeting.  
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only.  
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
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ASTM D1922-23(Test Method)
Standard Test Method for Propagation Tear Resistance of Plastic Film and Thin Sheeting by Pendulum Method

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 This test method is of value in ranking relative tearing resistance of various plastic films and thin sheeting of comparable thickness. Experience has shown the test to have its best reliability on relatively less extensible films and sheeting. Variable elongation and oblique tearing effects on the more extensible films preclude its use as a precise production-control tool for these types of plastics. This test method should be used for specification acceptance testing only after it has been demonstrated that the data for the particular material are acceptably reproducible. This test method should be used for service evaluation only after its usefulness for the particular application has been demonstrated with a number of different films.  
4.2 This test method has been widely used as one index of the tearing resistance of plastic film and thin sheeting used in packaging applications. While it is not always be possible to correlate film tearing data with its other mechanical or toughness properties, the apparatus of this test method provides a controlled means for tearing specimens at straining rates approximating some of those found in actual packaging service.  
4.3 Due to orientation during their manufacture, plastic films and sheeting frequently show marked anisotropy in their resistance to tearing. This is further complicated by the fact that some films elongate greatly during tearing, even at the relatively rapid rates of loading encountered in this test method. The degree of this elongation is dependent in turn on film orientation and the inherent mechanical properties of the polymer from which it is made. These factors make tear resistance of some films reproducible between sets of specimens to ±5 % of the mean value, while others potentially show no better reproducibility than ±50 %.  
4.4 Data obtained by this test method may supplement that from Test Method D1004, wherein the specimen is strained at a rate of 50 mm (2 in.) per minute. However, spec...
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1.1 This test method2 covers the determination of the average force to propagate tearing through a specified length of plastic film or nonrigid sheeting after the tear has been started, using an Elmendorf-type tearing tester. Two specimens are cited, a rectangular type, and one with a constant radius testing length. The latter shall be the preferred or referee specimen.  
1.2 Because of (1) difficulties in selecting uniformly identical specimens, (2) the varying degree of orientation in some plastic films, and (3) the difficulty found in testing highly extensible or highly oriented materials, or both, the reproducibility of the test results may be variable and, in some cases, not good or misleading. Provisions are made in the test method to address oblique directional tearing which may be found with some materials.  
1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only.  
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. Specific precautionary statements are given in 13.1.
Note 1: Film has been arbitrarily defined as sheeting having nominal thickness not greater than 0.25 mm (0.010 in.).
Note 2: This standard is equivalent to ISO 6383-2.  
1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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ASTM D2578-23(Test Method)
Standard Test Method for Wetting Tension of Polyethylene and Polypropylene Films

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 When a drop of liquid rests on the surface of a solid, and a gas is in contact with both, the forces acting at the interfaces must balance. These forces can be represented by surface energies acting in the direction of the surfaces and it follows that:
   where:
  θ  =  angle of contact of the edge of the drop with the solid surface,   γGL  =  surface energy of the gas - liquid interface,   γGS  =  surface energy of the gas - solid interface, and   γSL  =  surface energy of the solid - liquid interface.    
5.1.1 The right side of the above equation (the difference between the surface energies of the gas - solid and solid - liquid interfaces) is defined as the wetting tension of the solid surface. It is not a fundamental property of the surface but depends on interaction between the solid and a particular environment.  
5.1.2 When the gas is air saturated with vapors of the liquid, γGL will be the surface tension of the liquid. If the angle of contact is 0° the liquid is said to just wet the surface of the solid, and in this particular case (since cos θ = 1) the wetting tension of the solid will be equal to the surface tension of the liquid.  
5.2 The ability of polyethylene and polypropylene films to retain inks, coatings, adhesives, etc., is primarily dependent upon the character of their surfaces, and can be improved by one of several surface-treating techniques. These same treating techniques have been found to increase the wetting tension of a polyethylene or a polypropylene film surface in contact with mixtures of formamide and ethyl Cellosolve in the presence of air. It is therefore possible to relate the wetting tension of a polyethylene or a polypropylene film surface to its ability to accept and retain inks, coatings, adhesives, etc. The measured wetting tension of a specific film surface can only be related to acceptable ink, coating, or adhesive retention through experience. Wetting tension in itself is not a completely acceptable measur...
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the measurement of the wetting tension of a polyethylene or polypropylene film surface in contact with drops of specific test solutions in the presence of air.  
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to inch-pound units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.
Note 1: This test method and the specified reagents were specifically developed for polyethylene and polypropylene films. It is possible to utilize this test method and the specified reagents for films composed of other polymers, but this can affect the surface energies of the gas-liquid and solid-liquid interfaces, which will affect the contact angle and wetting tension. The applicability and significance for use of non-polyolefin materials must be established by the user.  
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. Specific hazards statements are given in Section 9.
Note 2: This test method is equivalent to ISO 8296.  
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ASTM D2291/D2291M-22(Practice)
Standard Practice for Fabrication of Ring Test Specimens for Glass-Resin Composites

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 This practice provides a uniform procedure for fabricating glass fiber/thermoset resin ring samples for use as test specimens. Specimens so prepared can be used in Test Methods D2290 and D2344/D2344M.
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1.1 This practice is intended for use in the fabrication of ring-type test specimens to be used in the evaluation of the mechanical properties of reinforcement and resins in a composite structure. The practice outlines the steps in the preparation of the test specimens, including the final specimen machining where applicable. Three final ring configurations are included.  
1.2 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other. Combining values from the two systems may result in nonconformance with the standard.  
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
Note 1: There is no known ISO equivalent to this practice.  
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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ASTM D1494-22(Test Method)
Standard Test Method for Diffuse Light Transmission Factor of Reinforced Plastics Panels

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 The purpose of this test method is to obtain the diffuse light transmittance factor of both flat and corrugated translucent building panels by the use of simple apparatus and by employing as a light source a combination of fluorescent tubes whose energy distribution closely approximates CIE Source C.
SCOPE
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1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in the parentheses are for information only.  
1.3 The text of this standard references notes and footnotes which provide explanatory material. These notes and footnotes (excluding those in Tables and Figures) shall not be considered as requirements of this standard.  
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
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