ASTM D1092-12
(Test Method)Standard Test Method for Measuring Apparent Viscosity of Lubricating Greases
Standard Test Method for Measuring Apparent Viscosity of Lubricating Greases
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 Apparent viscosity versus shear rate information can be useful in predicting pressure drops in grease distribution systems under steady-state flow conditions at constant temperature.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers measurement, in poises, of the apparent viscosity of lubricating greases in the temperature range from −54 to 38°C (−65 to 100°F). Measurements are limited to the range from 25 to 100 000 P at 0.1 s−1 and 1 to 100 P at 15 000 s−1.Note 1—At very low temperatures the shear rate range may be reduced because of the great force required to force grease through the smaller capillaries. Precision has not been established below 10 s−1.
1.2 This standard uses inch-pound units as well as SI (acceptable metric) units. The values stated first are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only. The capillary dimensions in SI units in Fig. A1.1 and Fig. A1.2 are standard.
1.3 WARNING—Mercury has been designated by many regulatory agencies as a hazardous material that can cause central nervous system, kidney and liver damage. Mercury, or its vapor, may be hazardous to health and corrosive to materials. Caution should be taken when handling mercury and mercury containing products. See the applicable product Material Safety Data Sheet (MSDS) for details and EPA’s website—http://www.epa.gov/mercury/faq.htm—for additional information. Users should be aware that selling mercury and/or mercury containing products into your state or country may be prohibited by law.
1.3.1 In addition, temperature measuring devices such as liquid-in-glass thermometers, thermocouples, thermistors, or platinum resistance thermometers that provide equivalent or better accuracy and precision, that cover the temperature range for ASTM thermometer 49C, may be used.
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
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Designation: D1092 − 12
Standard Test Method for
1
Measuring Apparent Viscosity of Lubricating Greases
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D1092; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision.Anumber in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the U.S. Department of Defense.
1. Scope* 2. Referenced Documents
2
1.1 This test method covers measurement, in poises, of the 2.1 ASTM Standards:
apparent viscosity of lubricating greases in the temperature D88Test Method for Saybolt Viscosity
range from −54 to 38°C (−65 to 100°F). Measurements are D217Test Methods for Cone Penetration of Lubricating
−1
limitedtotherangefrom25to100000Pat0.1s and1to100 Grease
−1
P at 15000 s . D3244Practice for Utilization of Test Data to Determine
Conformance with Specifications
NOTE1—Atverylowtemperaturestheshearraterangemaybereduced
because of the great force required to force grease through the smaller
−1
3. Terminology
capillaries. Precision has not been established below 10 s .
3.1 Definitions:
1.2 This standard uses inch-pound units as well as SI
3.1.1 apparent viscosity, n—of a lubricating grease is the
(acceptable metric) units. The values stated first are to be
ratio of shear stress to shear rate calculated from Poiseuille’s
regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are for
equation, and is measured in poises (see 10.1).
information only. The capillary dimensions in SI units in Fig.
A1.1 and Fig. A1.2 are standard.
3.1.2 capillary, n—For the purpose of this test method, a
capillary is any right cylindrical tube having a length to
1.3 WARNING—Mercury has been designated by many
diameter ratio of 40 to 1.
regulatory agencies as a hazardous material that can cause
central nervous system, kidney and liver damage. Mercury, or
3.1.3 shear rate, n—the rate at which a series of adjacent
its vapor, may be hazardous to health and corrosive to
layers of grease move with respect to each other; proportional
materials.Cautionshouldbetakenwhenhandlingmercuryand
to the linear velocity of flow divided by the capillary radius,
mercury containing products. See the applicable product Ma-
and is thus expressed as reciprocal seconds.
terial Safety Data Sheet (MSDS) for details and EPA’s
website—http://www.epa.gov/mercury/faq.htm—for addi- 4. Summary of Test Method
tional information. Users should be aware that selling mercury
4.1 The sample is forced through a capillary by means of a
and/or mercury containing products into your state or country
floating piston actuated by the hydraulic system. From the
may be prohibited by law.
predeterminedflowrateandtheforcedevelopedinthesystem,
1.3.1 In addition, temperature measuring devices such as
the apparent viscosity is calculated by means of Poiseuille’s
liquid-in-glass thermometers, thermocouples, thermistors, or
equation.Aseriesofeightcapillariesandtwopumpspeedsare
platinum resistance thermometers that provide equivalent or
used to determine the apparent viscosity at sixteen shear rates.
betteraccuracyandprecision,thatcoverthetemperaturerange
Theresultsareexpressedasalog-logplotofapparentviscosity
for ASTM thermometer 49C, may be used.
versus shear rate.
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the 5. Significance and Use
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
5.1 Apparent viscosity versus shear rate information can be
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
useful in predicting pressure drops in grease distribution
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.
systems under steady-state flow conditions at constant tem-
perature.
1
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D02 on
Petroleum Products, Liquid Fuels, and Lubricants and is the direct responsibility of
2
Subcommittee D02.G0.02 on Consistency and Related Rheological Tests. For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
Current edition approved Dec. 1, 2012. Published January 2013. Originally contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
approved in 1950. Last previous edition approved in 2011 as D1092–11. DOI: Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
10.1520/D1092-12. the ASTM website.
*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1
---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
D1092 − 12
6. Apparatus
6.1 The assembled pressure viscometer
...
This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
Designation: D1092 − 11 D1092 − 12
Standard Test Method for
1
Measuring Apparent Viscosity of Lubricating Greases
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D1092; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the U.S. Department of Defense.
1. Scope Scope*
1.1 This test method covers measurement, in poises, of the apparent viscosity of lubricating greases in the temperature range
−1
from −54 to 38°C (−65 to 100°F). Measurements are limited to the range from 25 to 100 000 P at 0.1 s and 1 to 100 P at 15 000
−1
s .
NOTE 1—At very low temperatures the shear rate range may be reduced because of the great force required to force grease through the smaller
−1
capillaries. Precision has not been established below 10 s .
1.2 This standard uses inch-pound units as well as SI (acceptable metric) units. The values stated first are to be regarded as
standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only. The capillary dimensions in SI units in Fig. A1.1 and Fig. A1.2
are standard.
1.3 WARNING—Mercury has been designated by many regulatory agencies as a hazardous material that can cause central
nervous system, kidney and liver damage. Mercury, or its vapor, may be hazardous to health and corrosive to materials. Caution
should be taken when handling mercury and mercury containing products. See the applicable product Material Safety Data Sheet
(MSDS) for details and EPA’s website—http://www.epa.gov/mercury/faq.htm—for additional information. Users should be aware
that selling mercury and/or mercury containing products into your state or country may be prohibited by law.
1.3.1 In addition, temperature measuring devices such as liquid-in-glass thermometers, thermocouples, thermistors, or platinum
resistance thermometers that provide equivalent or better accuracy and precision, that cover the temperature range for ASTM
thermometer 49C, may be used.
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility
of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory
limitations prior to use.
2. Referenced Documents
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
D88 Test Method for Saybolt Viscosity
D217 Test Methods for Cone Penetration of Lubricating Grease
D3244 Practice for Utilization of Test Data to Determine Conformance with Specifications
3. Terminology
3.1 Definitions:
3.1.1 apparent viscosity, n—of a lubricating grease is the ratio of shear stress to shear rate calculated from Poiseuille’s equation,
and is measured in poises (see 10.1).
3.1.2 capillary, n—For the purpose of this test method, a capillary is any right cylindrical tube having a length to diameter ratio
of 40 to 1.
3.1.3 shear rate, n—the rate at which a series of adjacent layers of grease move with respect to each other; proportional to the
linear velocity of flow divided by the capillary radius, and is thus expressed as reciprocal seconds.
1
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D02 on Petroleum Products Products, Liquid Fuels, and Lubricants and is the direct responsibility of
Subcommittee D02.G0.02 on Consistency and Related Rheological Tests.
Current edition approved Sept. 1, 2011Dec. 1, 2012. Published September 2011January 2013. Originally approved in 1950. Last previous edition approved in 20052011
as D1092–05.–11. DOI: 10.1520/D1092-11.10.1520/D1092-12.
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM Standards
volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on the ASTM website.
*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1
---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
D1092 − 12
4. Summary of Test Method
4.1 The sample is forced through a capillary by means of a floating piston actuated by the hydraulic system. From the
predetermined flow rate and the force developed in the system, the apparent viscosity is calculated by means of Poiseuille’s
equation. A series of eight capillaries and two p
...
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