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ASTM D8175-18

(Test Method)

Standard Test Method for Finite Flash Point Determination of Liquid Wastes by Pensky-Martens Closed Cup Tester

Standard Test Method for Finite Flash Point Determination of Liquid Wastes by Pensky-Martens Closed Cup Tester

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 This procedure is intended to be used to evaluate the ignitability of liquid wastes.  
5.2 Flash point measures the response of the subsample to applied heat and an ignition source under controlled laboratory conditions. It is only one of a number of properties that must be considered in assessing the overall flammability hazard of a liquid waste material.  
5.3 Flash point can indicate the possible presence of highly volatile and flammable materials in a relatively nonvolatile or nonflammable material.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the procedure for a finite flash point test, within the range of 20 to 70 °C, of liquid wastes using a manual or automated Pensky-Martens closed cup tester.  
1.2 This test method contains two procedures and is applicable to liquid waste, liquid phase(s) of multi-phase waste, liquid waste with suspended solids, or liquid waste that tends to form a surface film under test conditions.
Note 1: If the liquid waste is of a viscosity such that the subsample volume will not be uniformly heated under the test conditions even with the increased stir rate of Procedure B, then use the small-scale method (Test Method D8174 for Finite Flash Point Determination of Liquid Wastes by Small-Scale Closed Cup Tester).  
1.3 Procedure A is applicable to non-viscous liquids that are without suspended solids. Procedure B is applicable to viscous liquids, liquids with suspended solids, or liquids that form films.
Note 2: This test method is not applicable for corrosive liquid wastes (see Test Method D8174).  
1.4 Units—The values given in SI units are to be regarded as the standard.  
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. Warning statements appear throughout. Also see applicable Safety Data Sheets (SDS) for information about certified reference materials (CRMs) or secondary working standards (SWSs) that may be used in the analysis. SDS may also be useful if some components of the waste sample are known.  
1.6 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

General Information

Status
Published
Publication Date
14-Mar-2018
ICS
13.030.20 - Liquid wastes. Sludge
Technical Committee
D34 - Waste Management
Drafting Committee
D34.01.06 - Analytical Methods
Current Stage
Ref Project

Relations

Refers
ASTM D6299-17a - Standard Practice for Applying Statistical Quality Assurance and Control Charting Techniques to Evaluate Analytical Measurement System Performance
Effective Date
15-Nov-2017
Refers
ASTM D6299-17b - Standard Practice for Applying Statistical Quality Assurance and Control Charting Techniques to Evaluate Analytical Measurement System Performance
Effective Date
15-Dec-2017
Refers
ASTM D93-20 - Standard Test Methods for Flash Point by Pensky-Martens Closed Cup Tester
Effective Date
01-Aug-2020
Refers
ASTM D6299-17 - Standard Practice for Applying Statistical Quality Assurance and Control Charting Techniques to Evaluate Analytical Measurement System Performance
Effective Date
01-Jan-2017
Referred By
ASTM D4982-20 - Standard Test Methods for Flammability Potential Screening Analysis of Waste
Effective Date
15-Mar-2018

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ASTM D8175-18 - Standard Test Method for Finite Flash Point Determination of Liquid Wastes by Pensky-Martens Closed Cup TesterASTM D8175-18 - Standard Test Method for Finite Flash Point Determination of Liquid Wastes by Pensky-Martens Closed Cup Tester
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ASTM D8175-18 - Standard Test Method for Finite Flash Point Determination of Liquid Wastes by Pensky-Martens Closed Cup Tester
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This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
Designation: D8175 − 18
Standard Test Method for
Finite Flash Point Determination of Liquid Wastes by
1
Pensky-Martens Closed Cup Tester
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D8175; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision.Anumber in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
INTRODUCTION
This flash point test method is a dynamic test method that depends on specified rates of heating to
be able to meet the precision of the test method. The rate of heating may not in all cases give the
precision quoted in the test method because of the low thermal conductivity of some materials.
Flash point values are a function of the apparatus design, the condition of the apparatus used, and
theoperationalprocedurecarriedout.Flashpointcan,therefore,onlybedefinedintermsofastandard
test method, and no general valid correlation can be guaranteed between results obtained by different
test methods or with different test apparatus.
This test method, and Test Method D8174, are used to determine the flash point of liquid wastes.
These procedures are primarily derived from Procedures A and B of Test Methods D93 (EN ISO
2719), and are informally known as Pensky-Martens.
1. Scope responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
priate safety, health, and environmental practices and deter-
1.1 This test method covers the procedure for a finite flash
mine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
point test, within the range of 20 to 70°C, of liquid wastes
Warning statements appear throughout. Also see applicable
usingamanualorautomatedPensky-Martensclosedcuptester.
Safety Data Sheets (SDS) for information about certified
1.2 This test method contains two procedures and is appli-
reference materials (CRMs) or secondary working standards
cable to liquid waste, liquid phase(s) of multi-phase waste,
(SWSs) that may be used in the analysis. SDS may also be
liquidwastewithsuspendedsolids,orliquidwastethattendsto
useful if some components of the waste sample are known.
form a surface film under test conditions.
1.6 This international standard was developed in accor-
dance with internationally recognized principles on standard-
NOTE 1—If the liquid waste is of a viscosity such that the subsample
volume will not be uniformly heated under the test conditions even with ization established in the Decision on Principles for the
the increased stir rate of Procedure B, then use the small-scale method
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recom-
(Test Method D8174 for Finite Flash Point Determination of Liquid
mendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical
Wastes by Small-Scale Closed Cup Tester).
Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
1.3 ProcedureAisapplicabletonon-viscousliquidsthatare
without suspended solids. Procedure B is applicable to viscous
2. Referenced Documents
liquids, liquids with suspended solids, or liquids that form
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
films.
D93Test Methods for Flash Point by Pensky-Martens
NOTE 2—This test method is not applicable for corrosive liquid wastes
Closed Cup Tester
(see Test Method D8174).
D6299Practice for Applying Statistical Quality Assurance
1.4 Units—ThevaluesgiveninSIunitsaretoberegardedas
and Control Charting Techniques to Evaluate Analytical
the standard.
Measurement System Performance
D8174Test Method for Finite Flash Point Determination of
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the
Liquid Wastes by Small-Scale Closed Cup Tester
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
1
This test method is under the jurisdiction ofASTM Committee D34 on Waste
2
Management and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D34.01.06 on For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
Analytical Methods. contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
Current edition approved March 15, 2018. Published March 2018. Originally Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
approved in 2018. DOI: 10.1520/D8175-18. the ASTM website.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1

---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
D8175 − 18
E502Test Method for Selection and Use of ASTM Stan- conditions.Itisonlyoneofanumberofpropertiesthatmustbe
dards for the Determination of Flash Point of Chemicals considered in assessing the overall flammability hazard of a
by Closed Cup Met
...

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5.1 This practice is applicable to sampling liquid wastes and other stratified liquids. The COLIWASA is used to obtain a vertical column of liquid representing an accurate cross section of the sampled material. To obtain a representative sample of stratified liquids, the COLIWASA should be open at both ends so that material flows through it as it is slowly lowered to the desired sampling depth. The COLIWASA must not be lowered with the stopper in place. Opening the stopper after the tube is submerged will cause material to flow in from the bottom layer only, resulting in gross over-representation of that layer.  
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1.1 This practice describes the procedure for sampling liquids with the composite liquid waste sampler, or “COLIWASA.” The COLIWASA is an appropriate device for obtaining a representative sample from stratified or unstratified liquids. Its most common use is for sampling containerized liquids, such as tanks, barrels, and drums. It may also be used for pools and other open bodies of stagnant liquid.  
Note 1: A limitation of the COLIWASA is that the stopper mechanism may not allow collection of approximately the bottom 2.54 cm (1 in.) of material, depending on construction of the stopper.  
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ASTM D8174-18(Test Method)
Standard Test Method for Finite Flash Point Determination of Liquid Wastes by Small-Scale Closed Cup Tester

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 This procedure is intended to be used to evaluate the ignitability of liquid wastes.  
5.2 Flash point measures the response of the subsample to heat and an ignition source under controlled laboratory conditions. It is only one of a number of properties that shall be considered in assessing the overall flammability hazard of a liquid waste material.  
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SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the procedure for a flash point test, within the range of –20 to 70 °C, of liquid wastes using a small-scale closed cup tester.
Note 1: Some apparatus are not designed for subambient temperature tests, so the testing range would be between 20 °C and 70 °C.
Note 2: This test method is not applicable for liquid waste that forms a surface film (see Test Method D8175 for Finite Flash Point Determination of Wastes by Pensky-Martens Closed Cup Tester).  
1.2 Units—The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.  
1.3 This standard measures the ignitability properties of liquid wastes (which may be any discarded material), which may include secondary materials, off-specification products, and materials containing free liquids recovered during emergency response actions. Results from this test method may be used as part of a fire risk assessment of the material, but it is the responsibility of the user to perform any additional characterization needed for determination of storage, transport, treatment, or disposal per current regulations.  
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. Warning statements appear throughout. See applicable Safety Data Sheets (SDS) for information about certified reference materials (CRMs) or secondary working standards (SWSs) that may be used in this test method. SDS may also be useful if some components of the waste sample are known.  
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SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 Sampling at specified depth(s) within a liquid may be needed to confirm or rule out variations within a target population. This practice describes the design and operation of commercially available grab and discrete depth samplers for persons responsible for designing or implementing sampling programs, or both.  
4.2 These sampling devices are used for sampling liquids in tanks, ponds, impoundments, and other open bodies of water. Some may be used from the edge or bank of the sampling site, whereas some can only be used from a platform, boat, or bridge over the sampling site. Some of the devices described are suitable for sampling slurries and sludges as well as aqueous and other liquids with few or no suspended solids.  
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SCOPE
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SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
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SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 This practice is applicable to sampling liquid wastes and other stratified liquids. The COLIWASA is used to obtain a vertical column of liquid representing an accurate cross section of the sampled material. To obtain a representative sample of stratified liquids, the COLIWASA should be open at both ends so that material flows through it as it is slowly lowered to the desired sampling depth. The COLIWASA must not be lowered with the stopper in place. Opening the stopper after the tube is submerged will cause material to flow in from the bottom layer only, resulting in gross over-representation of that layer.  
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Standard Guide for Measuring the Saturated Hydraulic Conductivity of Paper Industry Sludges

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 This guide is intended to supplement the methods and procedures described in Test Methods D5084. When following the recommendations in this guide to test paper sludges, all assumptions and limitations described in Test Methods D5084 apply.  
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SCOPE
1.1 Paper industry sludges are industrial by-products derived from wastewater treatment operations at plants associated with the manufacturing of paper. These sludges typically consist of clay and organic matter. They may also contain low levels of inorganic and organic contaminants and can be rich in microbes. Traditionally, paper industry sludges have been disposed in municipal solid waste landfills or solid waste monofills. However, in the interest of sustainability, applications are being developed where sludges can be used beneficially. One application is using sludge to construct hydraulic barriers (for example, for use in a landfill cap). Such applications generally require that the hydraulic conductivity of the sludge be measured.  
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1.3 This guide is intended to supplement ASTM D5084, Test Methods for Measurement of Hydraulic Conductivity of Saturated Porous Materials Using a Flexible Wall Permeameter. The purpose of the guide is to provide additional guidance on issues relevant to testing sludges using Test Methods D5084. The guide applies to specimens compacted in the laboratory using procedures such as those described in Test Methods D698 and D1557 or undisturbed specimens collected from the field using procedures such as Practice D1587/D1587M or Practice D7015/D7015M.  
1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.  
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Standard Specification for Shipboard Oil Pollution Abatement System

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This specification covers the construction, operation, and safety requirements for a shipboard oil pollution abatement system (OPAS) that processes oily waste and allows selective suction from all oily waste holding tanks, waste oil, dirty oil, and drain tanks and the bilges of all oily water generating spaces for operation within the U.S. Contiguous Zone as excepted by local regulatory authorities. This specification covers the entire system from the point of entering the system until the oil-water mixture is treated and discharged overboard. It includes minimizing oily waste generation, the oily waste holding tank, the oil-water separation device, the control system, feed and recirculation pump(s), a secondary treatment device, and an automatic stopping device.
SCOPE
1.1 This specification covers the design, manufacture, installation, performance, and operation of a shipboard oil pollution abatement system (OPAS) that collects, transfers, and processes all the oily waste generated from incidental operation of machinery spaces. This specification applies to commercial and public vessels and is intended for use by designers, manufacturers, purchasers, installers, and operators of shipboard OPAS to determine the requirements for system design, equipment manufacture, equipment purchase, system integration and installation, and system in-service operation. This specification and its supplementary sections may be tailored to meet the specific user’s needs to cover from OPAS new construction to retrofitting of individual OPAS equipment.  
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1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
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ASTM D8174-18(Test Method)
Standard Test Method for Finite Flash Point Determination of Liquid Wastes by Small-Scale Closed Cup Tester

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 This procedure is intended to be used to evaluate the ignitability of liquid wastes.  
5.2 Flash point measures the response of the subsample to heat and an ignition source under controlled laboratory conditions. It is only one of a number of properties that shall be considered in assessing the overall flammability hazard of a liquid waste material.  
5.3 Flash point can indicate the possible presence of highly volatile and flammable materials in a relatively nonvolatile or nonflammable material.  
5.4 This test method uses a small sample volume (2 mL) and short test time (1 min).
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the procedure for a flash point test, within the range of –20 to 70 °C, of liquid wastes using a small-scale closed cup tester.
Note 1: Some apparatus are not designed for subambient temperature tests, so the testing range would be between 20 °C and 70 °C.
Note 2: This test method is not applicable for liquid waste that forms a surface film (see Test Method D8175 for Finite Flash Point Determination of Wastes by Pensky-Martens Closed Cup Tester).  
1.2 Units—The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.  
1.3 This standard measures the ignitability properties of liquid wastes (which may be any discarded material), which may include secondary materials, off-specification products, and materials containing free liquids recovered during emergency response actions. Results from this test method may be used as part of a fire risk assessment of the material, but it is the responsibility of the user to perform any additional characterization needed for determination of storage, transport, treatment, or disposal per current regulations.  
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. Warning statements appear throughout. See applicable Safety Data Sheets (SDS) for information about certified reference materials (CRMs) or secondary working standards (SWSs) that may be used in this test method. SDS may also be useful if some components of the waste sample are known.  
1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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ASTM
ASTM D7066-04(2017)(Test Method)
Standard Test Method for dimer/trimer of chlorotrifluoroethylene (S-316) Recoverable Oil and Grease and Nonpolar Material by Infrared Determination

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 The presence and concentration of oil and grease in domestic and industrial wastewater is of concern to the public because of its deleterious aesthetic effect and its impact on aquatic life.  
5.2 Regulations and standards have been established that require monitoring of oil and grease in water and wastewater.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the determination of oil and grease and nonpolar material in water and wastewater by an infrared (IR) determination of dimer/trimer of chlorotrifluoroethylene (S-316)2 extractable substances from an acidified sample. Included in this estimation of oil and grease are any other compounds soluble in the solvent.  
1.2 This test method is applicable to measurement of the light fuel although loss of some light ends during extraction can be expected.  
1.3 This test method defines oil and grease in water and wastewater as that which is extractable in the test method and measured by IR absorption at 2930 cm-1 or 3.4 microns. Similarly, this test method defines nonpolar material in water and wastewater as that oil and grease which is not adsorbed by silica gel in the test method and measured by IR absorption at 2930 cm-1.  
1.4 This test method covers the range of 5 to 100 mg/L and may be extended to a lower or higher level by extraction of a larger or smaller sample volume collected separately.  
1.5 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.  
1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine (Guide D3856) the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.7 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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