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ASTM D2699-09e1

(Test Method)

Standard Test Method for Research Octane Number of Spark-Ignition Engine Fuel

Standard Test Method for Research Octane Number of Spark-Ignition Engine Fuel

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
Research O.N. correlates with commercial automotive spark-ignition engine antiknock performance under mild conditions of operation.
Research O.N. is used by engine manufacturers, petroleum refiners and marketers, and in commerce as a primary specification measurement related to the matching of fuels and engines.
SCOPE
1.1 This laboratory test method covers the quantitative determination of the knock rating of liquid spark-ignition engine fuel in terms of Research O.N., except that this test method may not be applicable to fuel and fuel components that are primarily oxygenates. The sample fuel is tested using a standardized single cylinder, four-stroke cycle, variable compression ratio, carbureted, CFR engine run in accordance with a defined set of operating conditions. The O.N. scale is defined by the volumetric composition of PRF blends. The sample fuel knock intensity is compared to that of one or more PRF blends. The O.N. of the PRF blend that matches the K.I. of the sample fuel establishes the Research O.N.
1.2 The O.N. scale covers the range from 0 to 120 octane number but this test method has a working range from 40 to 120 Research O.N. Typical commercial fuels produced for spark-ignition engines rate in the 88 to 101 Research O.N. range. Testing of gasoline blend stocks or other process stream materials can produce ratings at various levels throughout the Research O.N. range.
1.3 The values of operating conditions are stated in SI units and are considered standard. The values in parentheses are the historical inch-pound units. The standardized CFR engine measurements continue to be in inch-pound units only because of the extensive and expensive tooling that has been created for this equipment.
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. For specific hazard statements, see Section 8, 13.4.1, 14.5.1, 15.6.1, Annex A1, A2.2.3.1, A2.2.3.3 (6) and (9), A2.3.5, X3.3.7, X4.2.3.1, X4.3.4.1, X4.3.9.3, X4.3.11.4, and X4.5.1.8.

General Information

Status
Historical
Publication Date
30-Sep-2009
ICS
75.160.20 - Liquid fuels
Technical Committee
D02 - Petroleum Products, Liquid Fuels, and Lubricants
Drafting Committee
D02.01 - Combustion Characteristics
Current Stage
Ref Project

Relations

Replaces
ASTM D2699-09 - Standard Test Method for Research Octane Number of Spark-Ignition Engine Fuel
Effective Date
01-Oct-2009
Referred By
ASTM D1310-14(2021) - Standard Test Method for Flash Point and Fire Point of Liquids by Tag Open-Cup Apparatus
Effective Date
01-Oct-2009
Referred By
ASTM D8340-22 - Standard Practice for Performance-Based Qualification of Spectroscopic Analyzer Systems
Effective Date
01-Oct-2009
Referred By
ASTM D2700-23 - Standard Test Method for Motor Octane Number of Spark-Ignition Engine Fuel
Effective Date
01-Oct-2009
Referred By
ASTM D6984-18e1 - Standard Test Method for Evaluation of Automotive Engine Oils in the Sequence IIIF, Spark-Ignition Engine
Effective Date
01-Oct-2009
Referred By
ASTM D8321-22 - Standard Practice for Development and Validation of Multivariate Analyses for Use in Predicting Properties of Petroleum Products, Liquid Fuels, and Lubricants based on Spectroscopic Measurements
Effective Date
01-Oct-2009
Referred By
ASTM D6227-18(2023) - Standard Specification for Unleaded Aviation Gasoline Containing a Non-hydrocarbon Component
Effective Date
01-Oct-2009
Referred By
ASTM D4814-23 - Standard Specification for Automotive Spark-Ignition Engine Fuel
Effective Date
01-Oct-2009
Referred By
ASTM D7577-12(2021) - Standard Test Method for Determining the Accelerated Iron Corrosion Rating of Denatured Fuel Ethanol and Ethanol Fuel Blends
Effective Date
01-Oct-2009
Referred By
ASTM D8076-21b - Standard Specification for 100 Research Octane Number Test Fuel for Automotive Spark-Ignition Engines
Effective Date
01-Oct-2009
Referred By
ASTM D8275-22 - Standard Specification for Gasoline-like Test Fuel for Compression-Ignition Engines
Effective Date
01-Oct-2009
Referred By
ASTM D6709-22 - Standard Test Method for Evaluation of Automotive Engine Oils in the Sequence VIII Spark-Ignition Engine (CLR Oil Test Engine)
Effective Date
01-Oct-2009
Referred By
ASTM D8114-23 - Standard Test Method for Measurement of Effects of Automotive Engine Oils on Fuel Economy of Passenger Cars and Light-Duty Trucks in Sequence VIE Spark Ignition
Effective Date
01-Oct-2009
Referred By
ASTM D8291-23 - Standard Test Method for Evaluation of Performance of Automotive Engine Oils in the Mitigation of Low-Speed, Preignition in the Sequence IX Gasoline Turbocharged Direct-Injection, Spark-Ignition Engine
Effective Date
01-Oct-2009
Referred By
ASTM D2885-21 - Standard Test Method for Determination of Octane Number of Spark-Ignition Engine Fuels by On-Line Direct Comparison Technique
Effective Date
01-Oct-2009

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ASTM D2699-09e1 - Standard Test Method for Research Octane Number of Spark-Ignition Engine Fuel
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Standards Content (Sample)

NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information
´1
Designation: D2699 – 09
Designation: 237/87
Standard Test Method for
1
Research Octane Number of Spark-Ignition Engine Fuel
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D2699; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the Department of Defense.
1
´ NOTE—Corrected wording in Table 4 editorially in October 2010.
1. Scope* bility of regulatory limitations prior to use. For specific hazard
statements, see Section 8, 13.4.1, 14.5.1, 15.6.1, Annex A1,
1.1 This laboratory test method covers the quantitative
A2.2.3.1, A2.2.3.3 (6) and (9), A2.3.5, X3.3.7, X4.2.3.1,
determination of the knock rating of liquid spark-ignition
X4.3.4.1, X4.3.9.3, X4.3.11.4, and X4.5.1.8.
engine fuel in terms of Research O.N., except that this test
method may not be applicable to fuel and fuel components that
2. Referenced Documents
2
are primarily oxygenates. The sample fuel is tested using a
3
2.1 ASTM Standards:
standardized single cylinder, four-stroke cycle, variable com-
D1193 Specification for Reagent Water
pression ratio, carbureted, CFR engine run in accordance with
D2268 Test Method for Analysis of High-Purity n-Heptane
a defined set of operating conditions.The O.N. scale is defined
and Isooctane by Capillary Gas Chromatography
by the volumetric composition of PRF blends.The sample fuel
D2360 Test Method for Trace Impurities in Monocyclic
knockintensityiscomparedtothatofoneormorePRFblends.
Aromatic Hydrocarbons by Gas Chromatography
The O.N. of the PRF blend that matches the K.I. of the sample
D2700 Test Method for Motor Octane Number of Spark-
fuel establishes the Research O.N.
Ignition Engine Fuel
1.2 The O.N. scale covers the range from 0 to 120 octane
D2885 Test Method for Determination of Octane Number
number but this test method has a working range from 40 to
of Spark-Ignition Engine Fuels by On-Line Direct Com-
120 Research O.N. Typical commercial fuels produced for
parison Technique
spark-ignition engines rate in the 88 to 101 Research O.N.
D3703 Test Method for Hydroperoxide Number ofAviation
range. Testing of gasoline blend stocks or other process stream
Turbine Fuels, Gasoline and Diesel Fuels
materials can produce ratings at various levels throughout the
D4057 Practice for Manual Sampling of Petroleum and
Research O.N. range.
Petroleum Products
1.3 The values of operating conditions are stated in SI units
D4175 Terminology Relating to Petroleum, Petroleum
and are considered standard. The values in parentheses are the
Products, and Lubricants
historical inch-pound units. The standardized CFR engine
D4177 Practice for Automatic Sampling of Petroleum and
measurements continue to be in inch-pound units only because
Petroleum Products
oftheextensiveandexpensivetoolingthathasbeencreatedfor
D4814 Specification for Automotive Spark-Ignition Engine
this equipment.
Fuel
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the
D5842 Practice for Sampling and Handling of Fuels for
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
Volatility Measurement
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
D6304 Test Method for Determination of Water in Petro-
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
leum Products, Lubricating Oils, and Additives by Coulo-
metric Karl Fischer Titration
1
E344 Terminology Relating to Thermometry and Hydrom-
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D02 on
Petroleum Products and Lubricants and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee
etry
D02.01 on Combustion Characteristics.
Current edition approved Oct. 1, 2009. Published November 2009. Originally
approved in 1968. Last previous edition approved in 2008 as D2699–08. DOI:
3
10.1520/D2699-09.
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
2
Motor O.N., determined using Test Method D2700, is a companion method to
contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
provide a similar but typically lower octane rating under more severe operating
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
conditions.
the ASTM website.
*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.
1

---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
´1
D2699 – 09
E456 Terminology Relating to Quality and Statistics for sample and reference fuels is determined using the falling
E542 Practice for Calibration of Laboratory Volum
...

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5.1 Wear due to excessive friction resulting in shortened life of engine components such as fuel pumps and fuel controls has sometimes been ascribed to lack of lubricity in an aviation fuel.  
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1.1 This test method covers assessment of the wear aspects of the boundary lubrication properties of aviation turbine fuels on rubbing steel surfaces.  
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5.1 The boiling range distribution of FAMES provides an insight into the composition of product related to the transesterification process. This gas chromatographic determination of boiling range can be used to replace conventional distillation methods for product specification testing with the mutual agreement of interested parties.  
5.2 Biodiesel (FAMES) exhibits a boiling point rather than a distillation curve. The fatty acid chains in the raw oils and fats from which biodiesel is produced are mainly comprised of straight chain hydrocarbons with 16 to 18 carbons that have similar boiling temperatures. The atmospheric boiling point of biodiesel generally ranges from 330 °C to 357 °C. The Specification D6751 value of 360 °C max at 90 % off by Test Method D1160 was incorporated as a precaution to ensure the fuel has not been adulterated with high boiling contaminants.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the determination of the boiling range distribution of fatty acid methyl esters (FAME). This test method is applicable to FAMES (biodiesel, B100) having an initial boiling point greater than 100 °C and a final boiling point less than 615 °C at atmospheric pressure as measured by this test method.  
1.2 The test method can also be applicable to blends of diesel and biodiesel (B1 through B100), however precision for these samples types has not been evaluated.  
1.3 The test method is not applicable for analysis of petroleum containing low molecular weight components (for example naphthas, reformates, gasolines, crude oils).  
1.4 Boiling range distributions obtained by this test method are not equivalent to results from low efficiency distillation such as those obtained with Test Method D86 or D1160, especially the initial and final boiling points.  
1.5 This test method uses the principles of simulated distillation methodology. See Test Methods D2887, D6352, and D7213.  
1.6 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only.  
1.7 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.8 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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ASTM
ASTM D7484-23a(Test Method)
Standard Test Method for Evaluation of Automotive Engine Oils for Valve-Train Wear Performance in Cummins ISB Medium-Duty Diesel Engine

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 This test method was developed to assess the performance of a heavy-duty engine oil in controlling engine wear under operating conditions selected to accelerate soot production and valve-train wear in a turbocharged and aftercooled four-cycle diesel engine with sliding tappet followers equipped with exhaust gas recirculation hardware.  
5.2 The design of the engine used in this test method is representative of many, but not all, modern diesel engines. This factor, along with the accelerated operating conditions, shall be considered when extrapolating test results.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method, commonly referred to as the Cummins ISB Test, covers the utilization of a modern, 5.9 L, diesel engine equipped with exhaust gas recirculation and is used to evaluate oil performance with regard to valve-train wear.  
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.  
1.2.1 Exceptions—SI units are provided for all parameters except where there is no direct equivalent such as the units for screw threads, National Pipe Threads/diameters, tubing size, or where there is a sole source of supply equipment specification.  
1.2.2 See also A7.1 for clarification; it does not supersede 1.2 and 1.2.1.  
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. See Annex A1 for general safety precautions.  
1.4 Table of Contents:    
Section  
Scope  
1  
Referenced Documents  
2  
Terminology  
3  
Summary of Test Method  
4  
Significance and Use  
5  
Apparatus  
6  
Engine Fluids and Cleaning Solvents  
7  
Preparation of Apparatus  
8  
Engine/Stand Calibration and Non-Reference Oil Tests  
9  
Test Procedure  
10  
Calculations, Ratings, and Test Validity  
11  
Report  
12  
Precision and Bias  
13  
Annexes  
Safety Precautions  
Annex A1  
Intake Air Aftercooler  
Annex A2  
The Cummins ISB Engine Build Parts Kit  
Annex A3  
Sensor Locations and Special Hardware  
Annex A4  
External Oil System  
Annex A5  
Cummins Service Publications  
Annex A6  
Specified Units and Formats  
Annex A7  
Oil Analyses  
Annex A8  
Alternate Fuel Approval Process  
Annex A9  
1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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