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ASTM F3413-19e1

(Guide)

Guide for Additive Manufacturing — Design — Directed Energy Deposition

Guide for Additive Manufacturing — Design — Directed Energy Deposition

SCOPE
1.1 This document specifies the features of Directed Energy Deposition (DED) and provides detailed design recommendations. This document also provides a state-of-the-art review of design guidelines associated with the use of DED by bringing together relevant knowledge about this process and by extending the scope of ISO/ASTM 52910.
Some of the fundamental principles are also applicable to other additive manufacturing (AM) processes, provided that due consideration is given to process-specific features.  
1.2 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

General Information

Status
Published
Publication Date
30-Nov-2019
ICS
25.030 - Additive manufacturing
Technical Committee
F42 - Additive Manufacturing Technologies
Drafting Committee
F42.04 - Design
Current Stage
Ref Project

Relations

Refers
ASTM F3187-16 - Standard Guide for Directed Energy Deposition of Metals
Effective Date
01-Sep-2016

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ASTM F3413-19e1 - Guide for Additive Manufacturing — Design — Directed Energy DepositionASTM F3413-19e1 - Guide for Additive Manufacturing — Design — Directed Energy Deposition
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ASTM F3413-19e1 - Guide for Additive Manufacturing — Design — Directed Energy Deposition
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This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
´1
Designation: F3413 − 19
Guide for
Additive Manufacturing — Design — Directed Energy
1
Deposition
This standard is issued under the fixed designation F3413; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1
ε NOTE—Copyright permission information was added to Fig. 8 in January 2022.
INTRODUCTION
Directed energy deposition (DED) describes a class of additive manufacturing (AM) processes in
which focused thermal energy is used to fuse materials by melting as they are being deposited,
described in detail in Guide F3187, and offers an additional manufacturing option alongside
establishedprocesses.DEDhasthepotentialtoreducemanufacturingtimeandcosts,andincreasepart
functionality.Typically,DEDisusedtoprocessmetalfeedstocktoperformoneofthefollowingtasks:
fabricate net and near-net shape parts, fabricate features on conventionally processed parts, surface
modification (cladding) for wear and corrosion protection, or repair metal parts by adding metal to a
broken or worn part.
DED processes differ according to several dimensions, including feedstock type (wire or powder),
energysource(laser,electronbeam,arc,plasma),numberofenergysources,andmachinearchitecture.
Someimplementationsincludeasubtractiveprocesstomachinepartsandfeaturestofinaldimensions.
Some implementations utilize one or more real-time sensors to monitor various indications of
performance, such as melt pool temperature or size.
Practitioners are aware of the strengths and weaknesses of conventional, long-established
manufacturing processes, such as cutting, joining and shaping processes (for example, by machining,
welding or casting), and of giving them appropriate consideration at the design stage and when
selectingthemanufacturingprocess.InthecaseofDEDandAMingeneral,designandmanufacturing
engineersonlyhavealimitedpoolofexperience.Withoutthelimitationsassociatedwithconventional
processes, the use of DED offers designers and manufacturers a high degree of freedom, and this
requires an understanding about the possibilities and limitations of the process.
ThisdesignguideprovidesguidancefordifferentDEDtechnologiesbyprovidinginformationabout
typical characteristics of DED parts and features, insights into the process-based causes of these
characteristics, and an understanding of process capabilities and limitations. The information and
understanding should provide guidance to designers that they can exploit to take advantage of DED
capabilities, design around limitations, and avoid process disadvantages. This document extends
ISO/ASTM 52910, the general design guide, and complements powder bed fusion design guides for
metal and polymer materials (ISO/ASTM 52911-1 and -2), as well as other process-specific design
guides that are under development. In addition, it specializes and builds upon the general DED
descriptions in Guide F3187.
1. Scope tions. This document also provides a state-of-the-art review of
design guidelines associated with the use of DED by bringing
1.1 This document specifies the features of Directed Energy
together relevant knowledge about this process and by extend-
Deposition (DED) and provides detailed design recommenda-
ing the scope of ISO/ASTM 52910.
Some of the fundamental principles are also applicable to
1
This guide is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee F42 on Additive
other additive manufacturing (AM) processes, provided that
Manufacturing Technologies and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee
F42.04 on Design. due consideration is given to process-specific features.
Current edition approved Dec. 1, 2019. Published April 2020. DOI: 10.1520/
F3413-19E01.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1

---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
´1
F3413 − 19
1.2 This international standard was developed in accor- 3.2.2 blown powder—a variant of DED systems with a
dance with internationally recognized principles on standard- deposition head that uses powder as feedstock material and
ization established in the Decision on Principles for the pressurized gas to eject the powder feedstock.
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recom-
3.2.3 buy-to-fly ratio—the ratio of the mass of material
mendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical
purchased to the mass of the finished component.
Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
3.2.3.1 Discussion—The term originated i
...

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1.7.2 A definition of a minimum viable data set for PSD by light scattering.  
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